Pearl Harbor 1941

Pearl Harbor 1941Pearl Harbor 1941

““The date which will live in infamy”The date which will live in infamy”

Build up to WarBuild up to War

US restricts Japanese US restricts Japanese immigration in 1920simmigration in 1920s

Japan invades China and Japan invades China and conquers Manchuria in 1931conquers Manchuria in 1931

Japan signs Pact with Germany Japan signs Pact with Germany an Italy in 1939 an Italy in 1939

During 1940 and 1941 US During 1940 and 1941 US restricts and finally stops most restricts and finally stops most trade with Japan.trade with Japan.

US freezes Japanese assetsUS freezes Japanese assets

Major BloopersMajor Bloopers

US breaks Japan’s top secret US breaks Japan’s top secret code (Purple)code (Purple)

Sends decoding machines to the Sends decoding machines to the Philippines and London but not Philippines and London but not Pearl HarborPearl Harbor

BloopersBloopers

US fleet commander US fleet commander Richardson requests the fleet Richardson requests the fleet be moved from Pearl Harbor to be moved from Pearl Harbor to the West Coast- Navy refusesthe West Coast- Navy refuses

BloopersBloopers

America rejects Japanese request America rejects Japanese request for summit Meeting August 1941for summit Meeting August 1941

Japanese agents in Hawaii regularly Japanese agents in Hawaii regularly report size , type and location of report size , type and location of ships in Pearl Harbor: This info is ships in Pearl Harbor: This info is decoded in the Philippines and decoded in the Philippines and London but not forwardedLondon but not forwarded

BloopersBloopers

General Short orders protection against General Short orders protection against sabotage and puts planes wing to wing: sabotage and puts planes wing to wing: November 1941November 1941

Japanese embassies have carried out Japanese embassies have carried out orders to burn files (MAGIC decodes this orders to burn files (MAGIC decodes this but does not inform Pearl Harbor)but does not inform Pearl Harbor)

BloopersBloopers

Dec. 3,4,5,Dec. 3,4,5,MAGIC decodes increased radio MAGIC decodes increased radio

traffic from Hawaii to Tokyo regarding traffic from Hawaii to Tokyo regarding fleet in Pearl Harborfleet in Pearl Harbor

Dec. 6 MAGIG decodes 13 parts of a Dec. 6 MAGIG decodes 13 parts of a 14 part message. Indication of war 14 part message. Indication of war by those who read it. Never passed by those who read it. Never passed onto Pearl Harboronto Pearl Harbor

DEC 7thDEC 7th

Japanese sub fired upon outside Japanese sub fired upon outside harborharbor

Radar picks up flight of unidentified Radar picks up flight of unidentified aircraft 132 miles outaircraft 132 miles out

Major players in the battleMajor players in the battle

Genda: Mastermind behind the Genda: Mastermind behind the attackattack

Admiral KimmelAdmiral KimmelGeneral Short : orders planes in lineGeneral Short : orders planes in lineYamamota: Commander in chief of Yamamota: Commander in chief of

the Japanese fleet Tries to avoid an the Japanese fleet Tries to avoid an attackattack

Major PlayersMajor Players

Stark: Chief of Naval Operations, Stark: Chief of Naval Operations, chooses not to inform Hawaii until chooses not to inform Hawaii until calling Presidentcalling President

Colonel Bratton convinces Army Colonel Bratton convinces Army Chief of Staff General Marshall that Chief of Staff General Marshall that Pearl Harbor should be notified of Pearl Harbor should be notified of attackattack..

Pearl Harbor: Pearl Harbor: Before the attackBefore the attackOahu has many beautiful beaches Oahu has many beautiful beaches and palm trees and palm trees

Many men went there because of Many men went there because of being in the Navy being in the Navy –One of the few jobs where men One of the few jobs where men

were offered the chance at were offered the chance at “seeing the world”, comfortable “seeing the world”, comfortable beds, and a decent meal beds, and a decent meal

Pearl Harbor: During the attackPearl Harbor: During the attack

When It HappenedWhen It Happened When Japanese When Japanese

Zeros attacked, Zeros attacked, the flag raising the flag raising ceremonies were ceremonies were underway and underway and the band was the band was just starting the just starting the strands of the strands of the National AnthemNational Anthem

Sunday, December 7th, 1941

Because it was a Sunday, many men were sleeping in, or “at ease” all along the beaches

Chief John Finn was driving the ’38 Ford to the base when a Japanese Zero flying over his head He then yelled “the damn Japs are attacking”

When Chief Finn stopped near the dock, he noticed that the Japs had already attacked, and they didn’t look like they were stopping anytime soon.

Pearl Harbor from the Cockpit of a Japanese Pilot

Pearl Harbor from the Cockpit of a Japanese Pilot

Pearl Harbor - Dec. 7, 1941Pearl Harbor - Dec. 7, 1941

A date which will live in infamy!

USS Arizona, Pearl HarborUSS Arizona, Pearl Harbor

Pearl Harbor MemorialPearl Harbor Memorial

Aerial view of the USS Arizona

Memorial

183 aircraft of the first attack wave were launched from the six

Imperial Japanese Navy carriers; Akagi, Kaga, Soryu, Hiru, Zuikaku and Shokaku, 230 miles North of O'ahu at 6:00 A.M. - They were

ordered to attack at 0750 A.M. by Lt. Commander Mitsuo Fuchida.

At approximately 7:15 A.M. the second wave of aircraft was launched and 170 more aircraft were on their way to Pearl Harbor.

Ship locations

• USS Arizona, California, Nevada, Maryland, Oklahoma, Tennessee, West Virginia, were south-west side of Ford Island

• USS Pennsylvania, Shaw, Cassin, and Downes were dry docked near by

Shattered by a direct hit, the USS Arizona burns and sinks, December 7, 1941.

Damage at Pearl Harbor

Deployment of attacking Japanese aircraft

President Roosevelt Signs the US Declaration of WarPresident Roosevelt Signs the US Declaration of War

FDR calls this “a date which will live in infamy”, and

Congress declares that a state of war exists with

Japan.

Roosevelt signs the Declaration of War

Ships during the attackShips during the attack

►The ships that were at Pearl Harbor The ships that were at Pearl Harbor during the attack:during the attack: USS Arizona, USS California, USS Maryland, USS USS Arizona, USS California, USS Maryland, USS

Nevada, USS Oklahoma, USS Tennessee, USS West Nevada, USS Oklahoma, USS Tennessee, USS West VirginiaVirginia

►The ships that were dry docked:The ships that were dry docked: USS Pennsylvania, USS Shaw, USS Cassin, USS USS Pennsylvania, USS Shaw, USS Cassin, USS

DownesDownes► There were only three ships that were missing There were only three ships that were missing

from the docks:from the docks:aircraft carriers- aircraft carriers- Lexington, Enterprise, and SaratogaLexington, Enterprise, and Saratoga

Who made the order to attack?Who made the order to attack?

• Vice Admiral Chuichi Nagumo

• Admiral Nagumo ordered the attack to continue, at 6:10am on the morning of December 7, 1941

The First Two Waves Six aircraft carriers

launched off 353 aircrafts

40 torpedo bombers 135 dive bombers 104 horizontal

bomber 81 strafing planes

Only two planes didn’t make the attack

188 American planes would be destroyed

8 Battle ships were damaged or destroyed

Almost Immediately!Almost Immediately!

The USS Oklahoma and USS West Virginia took The USS Oklahoma and USS West Virginia took deadly hitsdeadly hits

USS ArizonaUSS Arizona

The shocking sight when Japan had The shocking sight when Japan had stopped bombing was the USS Arizona stopped bombing was the USS Arizona burning.burning.

The attack was so sudden, no one had a The attack was so sudden, no one had a chance to try and defend themselveschance to try and defend themselves

Naval DispatchNaval Dispatch

• “Air raid on Pearl Harbor. This is not a drill”

• Naval Dispatch from headquarters