Payloads Team 3 Jeff Anderson, Thomas Blachman, Andrew Fallon, John Franklin, Samuel Gaultney, David Habashy, Brian Hardie, Brandon Hing, Zujia Huang, Sung Kim, Jonathan Saenger DIMAS Deimos Impactor for Material Analysis Spectrometry
PayloadsTeam 3
Jeff Anderson, Thomas Blachman, Andrew Fallon, John Franklin, Samuel Gaultney,
David Habashy, Brian Hardie, Brandon Hing, Zujia Huang, Sung Kim, Jonathan Saenger
DIMASDeimos Impactor for Material Analysis Spectrometry
Mission Concept Mission Goal: Direct an impactor into Deimos at high velocities to launch a plume of surface and subsurface debris into space. The plume will be analyzed by a infrared spectrometer to determine the what compounds comprise Deimos. This will determine whether Deimos is a C or D type asteroid, or Mars ejecta. In addition, prebiotic volatile concentration will be analyzed to determine asteroid contributions to early life.
Mission Objectives:
- Impact Deimos with impactor and release plume.
- Analyse spectral absorption patterns of plume to determine compounds of Deimos to determine its origins.
- Measure levels of subsurface volatiles to learn about origin of volatile compounds in planets.
OV-1
Science Goals- Determine whether Deimos is a captured asteroid
or accreted from Mars.- Low absorption in the 1.3µm range
denotes asteroid origin.- Carbon, clay, silicate rocks (oxides), c-type
are guessed to be 22% water in form of hydrated minerals, anhydrous formations
- Determined the amount and type of subsurface volatiles.
- High Levels of volatiles indicate outer solar system origin.
- Data will shed light on how asteroids seed planets with water and volatile organics.
Plume Analysis Recap
Diameter Ejecta Velocity Depth
>1.57 m>5.56 m/s^2 for 5% of ejecta
>15 m for loose sand - 5720 kg of material ejected to escape velocity - 50 mins to full plume- 5.5 km high, 4 km wide plume -Plume is possible to utilize according to the planetary protection rules and regulations.- Spectrometer will have an operational time of 10 minutes, up to 160 secs of data retrieval
Key Requirements for Instrument Selection
- Spectrometers
- Must have a spectronomy range of 1.0 µm-2.25 µm.
- Physical range of greater than 50 km
- Size must be less than 2U
- Must make measurements in under 80 secs.
- Impactor- Must produce large enough plume to fit scanning cone of spectronomer.- Must be able to arrive 50 minutes before spectrometer.- Must not contaminate spectronomy readings, by avoiding materials in the 1.0
µm-2.25 µm range. Especially 1.3 µm.
Impactor Trade Studies
Time Released Before Impact (hours)
ΔV Required (m/s)
Weight of Fuel (kg)
Approximate Power Required
(Wh)Risk (1-10)
24 130 1.2 60 4
48 65 0.7 120 6
72 30 0.43 180 7
Power Source Size (cm) Weight (kg) TRL
Solar 38.1 x 31.5 x 10.2 2.35868 9
Battery 7 x 3 x 2 - 7 x 3 x 6 0.032 - 0.096 9
Impactor: Obliterator-1 (OB-1)
Power (Passive) 2.5 Watts
Power (Active) 10 Watts
Data Volume N/A
Size 2U
Mass 4 kg
- Impactor will be a 2U separable cubesat, with it’s own propulsion, navigation, and power for a 72 hour separation period.
- Impactor cannot be made of iron compounds and should reduce using plastics and magnesium. As many components as possible should be made of aluminium and copper.
- Impactor will have an independent operational time of 72 hours.
- Propulsion: - C-POD micro-cold gas
propulsion - Small and lightweight .5 U’s
1.25 kg- Navigation:
- Star tracker: BCT Standard NST
-Off the shelf- Power:
- 180 watt hour battery
-Smaller and cheaper
Instrument ARGUS mini-INMS BIRCHES
Mass (g) 230 600 2000
Volume (U) 0.18 1.1 1.5
Power (W) 1.4 1.8 5
Spectrum (nm) 900-2500 0-2000 0-4000
Range (km) 600 675.924 100
Data Rate (Mb/s) 1 0.0013 10
FOV (degrees) 0.15 20 12
Cost ($) 49,500 15,000 200,000
TRL 8/9 6/7 8/9
Mass Spectrometer Trade Studies
Mass Spectrometer: ARGUS- Passive infrared spectrometer
- Operates in 1000 nm to 1700 nm range- Extended range version goes to 2400 nm
- Won the Alouette Award- Operates in 230 grams- Aperture: 15 mm- The Dimensions are;
- w = 45 mm- l = 50 mm- h = 80 mm- Volume = 180000 mm3 = 0.18 U
- Flight heritage: CanX-2 (Canadian Advanced Nanosatellite eXperiment-2)
- Integration Time Ranges: 500 microsecond to ~4 seconds- Data transmitted in 100 ms - Can adjust number of scans for co-adding spectra
Total Payload Resources SummaryARGUS Spectrometer
Impactor Total
Mass (g) 230 4032 4262
Volume (U) 0.18 2 2.18
Power (W) 1.4 2.5-10 3.9-11.4
Spectrum (nm) 900-2500 N/A
Range (km) 600 N/A
Data Rate (Mb/s) 1 0 1
FoV (degrees) 0.15
Cost ($) 49,500 TBD
TRL 8/9 6/7
Risk Assessment1. Spectrometer Out of Range
a. Ample range incorporated into trade studies.
2. Spectrometer Performance Failure
a. High TRL selected
3. Impactor Misses
a. ADCS and Propulsion have high TRL
4. Impactor Fails Separation
a. Surface Spectrometry
5. Plume Size Failure
a. Plume is adjusted to be larger than needed
6. Trajectory Mishap
a. Well, there goes Mars 2020; no one will hear about us in the news
4 1
5 3
6, 2
Like
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d
Consequence
Questions?
Sources
Richardson, J. E., Melosh, H. J., Artemeiva, N. A., & Pierazzo, E. (n.d.). Impact Cratering Theory and Modeling for the Deep Impact Mission: From Mission Planning to Data Analysis. Deep Impact Mission: Looking Beneath the Surface of a Cometary Nucleus, 241-267. doi:10.1007/1-4020-4163-2_10
“CanX-2 (Canadian Advanced Nanosatellite eXperiment-2)” Available:https://directory.eoportal.org/web/eoportal/satellite-missions/c-missions/canx-2#references
“Argus IR Spectrometer Kit, Space Grade” Available: http://thothx.com/product/argus-1000sk-infrared-spectrometer-kit/.
Reuter, D., “BIRCHES: Mars Cubesat Instrument,” Mars Cubesat Workshop Available: https://marscubesatworkshop.jpl.nasa.gov/static/files/presentation/clark-pamela/35-birches.pdf.
P. Clark, R. Macdowall, D. Reuter, R. Mauk. A Broadband IR Compact High Resolution Spectrometer (BIRCHES) for a Lunar Water Distribution (LWaDi) Cubesat Mission
Possible Mission NamesFRUITCAKE
Focused Recoil Under ImpacT: Cubesat Analyzing Kinetic Experiment
DIOS MIODeimos Impact & Observation Spacecraft: Mars Intercept Orbit
IMPACTIntercepting Moon Plume & Analyzing Composition of Target
GUNTERverifyinG Unknown compouNds Through dEimos Reconnaissance
DIMASDeimos Impactor for Material Analysis Spectrometry
CAMMIPSCubesat Analysis of Martian Moons via Infrared Plume Spectrometry
DECIMATEDEimos Composition IMpactor sATEllite Mission
VADER
Verifying mAterials on DEimos spectRonomy
Verification & Analysis of DEimos oRigins
Volatiles Assay of DEimos Rheology
Verification Assessment of DEimos Rheology
Verification and Assessment of DEimos Resile
Verification and Assessment of DEimos Reliquiae
Verification and Assessment of DEimos Rejectamenta
Verification and Assessment of DEimos Regolith
Verification and Assessment of DEimos Refringency
Verification and Assessment of DEimos Redound
Verification and Assessment of DEimos Rasure
For impactor: OBliterator-1 [a.k.a. OB-1]