Pavement Design - 1.pdf

8/20/2019 Pavement Design - 1.pdf

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Pavement DesignPavement Design

Guest LecturerGuest Lecturer

Dr. Sirous Alavi, P.E.Dr. Sirous Alavi, P.E.

SSIERRAIERRA TTRANSPORTATIONRANSPORTATION EENGINEERSNGINEERS, I, INC.NC.

1005 Terminal Way, Suite 1251005 Terminal Way, Suite 125

Reno, Nevada 89502Reno, Nevada 89502


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TopicsTopics

IntroductionIntroduction – – Design FactorsDesign Factors

– – Pavement TypesPavement Types Fundamentals of Pavement DesignFundamentals of Pavement Design

– – AASHTO AASHTO – – Asphalt Institute Asphalt Institute


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Design FactorsDesign Factors

ClimateClimate TrafficTraffic

MaterialMaterialPropertiesProperties

PavementPavementStructureStructure

PavementPavement

ConditionCondition

I N

T R O D

U C

T I O N


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ClimateClimate

TemperatureTemperature MoistureMoisture

I N

T R O D

U C

T I O N


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Material PropertiesMaterial Properties

Nondestructive TestingNondestructive TestingField and Laboratory TestingField and Laboratory Testing

I N

T R O D

U C

T I O N


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Nondestructive TestingNondestructive Testing

Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD)Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)

Seismic Pavement Analyzer Seismic Pavement Analyzer

Magnetic Induction TomographyMagnetic Induction Tomography(MIT)(MIT)

I N

T R O D

U C

T I O N


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Falling WeightFalling Weight

Deflectometer (FWD)Deflectometer (FWD)

I N

T R O D

U C

T I O N

UsesUses

•• Basis for estimating inBasis for estimating in--situ propertiesitu properties

•• Estimate of structural capacityEstimate of structural capacity

•• Assess variabilityAssess variability

•• Rehabilitation (overlay) designRehabilitation (overlay) design


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Ground PenetratingGround Penetrating

Radar (GPR)Radar (GPR)

UndergroundUndergroundcrosscross--sectionalsectionalimageimage

Burst of radioBurst of radio--frequency energyfrequency energyradiated into theradiated into theground to detectground to detectdiscontinuities indiscontinuities in

the groundthe ground I N

T R O D

U C

T I O N


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Portable Seismic PavementPortable Seismic Pavement

Analyzer (PSPA)Analyzer (PSPA)

OperatingOperatingprinciple is basedprinciple is based

on generatingon generatingand detectingand detecting

stress waves instress waves in

the pavementthe pavement

structurestructure

I N

T R O D

U C

T I O N


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Magnetic InductionMagnetic Induction

Tomography (MIT)Tomography (MIT)

Sensor unit emitsSensor unit emitselectromagneticelectromagnetic

pulses andpulses anddetects thedetects the

induced magneticinduced magnetic

fieldfield

I N

T R O D

U C

T I O N


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Field and LaboratoryField and Laboratory

TestingTesting

Drilling & SamplingDrilling & Sampling California Bearing Ratio (CBR)California Bearing Ratio (CBR)

Resistance Value (RResistance Value (R--value)value)

Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP)Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP)

TriaxialTriaxial

FatigueFatigue I N

T R O D

U C

T I O N


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Drilling and SamplingDrilling and Sampling

CoresCores SoilsSoils

BeamsBeams

I N

T R O D

U C

T I O N


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California BearingCalifornia Bearing

Ratio (CBR)Ratio (CBR)

Applying load to a Applying load to asmall penetrationsmall penetration

piston at a ratepiston at a rateand recording theand recording the

total load at atotal load at a

certaincertain

penetrationpenetration

I N

T R O

D U C

T I O N

Penetration Piston

Sample


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Resistance Value (RResistance Value (R--value)value)

Expresses aExpresses amaterial'smaterial's

resistance toresistance to

deformation as adeformation as afunction of the ratiofunction of the ratio

of transmittedof transmittedlateral pressure tolateral pressure to

applied verticalapplied vertical

pressurepressure I N

T R O

D U C

T I O N Testing Head

Base

Sample

Fluid Under Pressure

Rubber Membrane

Pressure Gauge


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Dynamic ConeDynamic Cone

Penetrometer (DCP)Penetrometer (DCP)

Supply kineticSupply kineticenergy to theenergy to thepenetrometer,penetrometer,

which causeswhich causesit to move ait to move a

distancedistancethrough thethrough thesoilsoil

I N

T R O

D U C

T I O N


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Triaxial TestingTriaxial Testing

I N

T R O

D U C

T I O N

Most versatile testMost versatile testavailable toavailable to

determine thedetermine thestressstress--strainstrain

properties of soilproperties of soil


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Fatigue TestingFatigue Testing

I N

T R O

D U C

T I O N

Cyclic loading to testCyclic loading to testspecimenspecimen

Load can be a repeatedLoad can be a repeatedapplication of a fixed loadapplication of a fixed load

or simulation of inor simulation of in--serviceserviceloadsloads

Load may be repeatedLoad may be repeated

millions of cycles atmillions of cycles atpredefined loading timepredefined loading time


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TrafficTraffic

Critical factor Critical factor

Consider both the loadingConsider both the loading

magnitude and configuration andmagnitude and configuration andthe number of load repetitionsthe number of load repetitions

I N

T R O

D U C

T I O N


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Pavement DamagePavement Damage

I N

T R O

D U C

T I O N

2000 Repetitions < 1 Repetition


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Types of EquipmentTypes of Equipment

WeighWeigh--InIn--Motion (WIM)Motion (WIM) – – Bending Plate, Load Cell,Bending Plate, Load Cell, PiezoPiezo SensorsSensors

I N

T R O

D U C

T I O N


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ClassifiersClassifiers – – Road Tubes, InductanceRoad Tubes, Inductance

Loops,Loops, PiezoPiezo Sensor, VideoSensor, Video

I N

T R O

D U C

T I O N


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CountersCounters – – Road Tubes, InductanceRoad Tubes, Inductance

Loops,Loops, PiezoPiezo Sensor, VideoSensor, Video

I N

T R O

D U C

T I O N


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Pavement ConditionPavement Condition

Profiler Profiler

Automated AutomatedDistress SurveyDistress Survey

Manual Distress SurveyManual Distress Survey

I N

T R O

D U C

T I O N


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ProfilerProfiler

ComprehensiveComprehensivesystem that is usedsystem that is used

to collect roadwayto collect roadway

surface data forsurface data fordetermining the ridedetermining the ride

qualityquality

I N

T R O

D U C

T I O N


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Automated Distress SurveyAutomated Distress Survey

I N

T R O

D U C

T I O N

Inspection ofInspection ofpavement andpavement andidentifying distressesidentifying distresses

High speedHigh speedequipment that takesequipment that takes““picturespictures”” ofofroadwayroadway

Processed manuallyProcessed manually

or by computer or by computer


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Automated Distress SurveyAutomated Distress Survey

I N

T R O

D U C

T I O N

Images areImages are

taken oftaken of

pavementpavement


digitizeddigitized


storedstored


processed andprocessed andanalyzed

Distresses areDistresses are

classified andclassified andquantified analyzedquantified


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Manual Distress SurveyManual Distress Survey

Distresses separated based onDistresses separated based onpavement typepavement type

– –Rigid, FlexibleRigid, Flexible

Distress Identification ManualDistress Identification Manual(DIM)(DIM)

I N

T R O

D U C

T I O N


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Rigid PavementRigid Pavement

Corner BreaksCorner Breaks DurabilityDurability ““DD””

CrackingCracking LongitudinalLongitudinal

TransverseTransverse

I N

T R O

D U C

T I O N


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Joint SealJoint SealDamageDamage

LongitudinalLongitudinalJoint SpallingJoint Spalling

Transverse JointTransverse JointSpallingSpalling

I N

T R O

D U C

T I O N


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Map CrackingMap CrackingScalingScaling

PolishedPolished

Aggregate Aggregate

I N

T R O

D U C

T I O N


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Flexible PavementFlexible Pavement

Fatigue CrackingFatigue CrackingBlock CrackingBlock Cracking

I N

T R O

D U C

T I O N


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LongitudinalLongitudinalTransverseTransverse

I N

T R O

D U C

T I O N


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PotholesPotholesPatchesPatches

I N

T R O

D U C

T I O N


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RuttingRuttingShovingShoving

I N

T R O

D U C

T I O N


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BleedingBleedingRavelingRaveling

I N

T R O

D U C

T I O N


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WaterWaterBleeding &Bleeding &

PumpingPumping

I N

T R O

D U C

T I O N


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Types of PavementTypes of Pavement

Rigid PavementsRigid Pavements – – Acts like beam over any irregularities Acts like beam over any irregularities

in underlying supporting materialin underlying supporting materialFlexible PavementsFlexible Pavements

– –Layered system in contact with anyLayered system in contact with anyirregularities in underlying supportingirregularities in underlying supporting

materialmaterial I N

T R O

D U C

T I O N


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Constructed ofConstructed ofportland cementportland cementconcrete (PCC)concrete (PCC)

Analyzed by the Analyzed by thePlate TheoryPlate Theory

Jointed,Jointed,ContinuouslyContinuously

ReinforcedReinforced I N

T R O

D U C

T I O N

PCCPCC

BASE (OPTIONAL)BASE (OPTIONAL)

SUBGRADESUBGRADE


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Flexible PavementFlexible Pavement Surface constructedSurface constructed

ofof bitumininousbitumininousmaterialsmaterials

““Flexible" since theFlexible" since thetotal pavementtotal pavementstructure "bends"structure "bends"due to traffic loadsdue to traffic loads

Structure is generallyStructure is generallycomposed of severalcomposed of several

layers of materialslayers of materials I N

T R O

D U C

T I O N

SURFACE (AC)SURFACE (AC)

BASEBASESUBBASE (OPTIONAL)SUBBASE (OPTIONAL)

SUBGRADESUBGRADE


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QuestionsQuestions

I N

T R O

D U C

T I O N

Pavement Design - 1.pdf

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