patricia E. benner

BIOGRAPHY AND THEORY OF PATRICIA BENNER

Prepared by:Lyka TocaBSN - 1

Patricia E. Benner  R.N., Ph.D., F.A.A.N., F.R.C.N.

All about Patricia Benner She was born in Hampton, Virginia,

and spent her childhood in California. A Professor in the Department of

Physiological Nursing in the School of Nursing at the University of California, San Francisco. An internationally noted researcher and lecturer on health, stress and coping, skill acquisition and ethics. Her work has had wide influence on nursing.

She has been a staff nurse in the areas of medical-surgical, emergency room, coronary care, intensive care units and home care.

She was interested in the Dreyfus model of skill acquisition and applied it to nursing.  Her area of concern was not how to do nursing but, rather, "how do nurses learn to do nursing?"  She worked for several years in intensive care.

Dr. Benner is the author of nine books including ......

The Nine Books of PatFrom Novice to Expert, named an American

Journal of Nursing Book of the Year for nursing education and nursing research in 1984.

The Primacy of Caring, co-authored with Judith Wrubel, named Book of the Year in 1990, also in two categories.

Interpretive Phenomenology: Embodiment, Caring and Ethics in Health and Illness, and The Crisis of Care, with Susan Phillips, both published in 1994.

Expertise in Nursing Practice: Caring, Clinical Judgment, and Ethics, with Christine Tanner and Catherine Chesla, also named a Book of the Year in 1996.

Caregiving, with Suzanne Gordon and Nel Noddings, also published in 1996.

To be published in December, 1998, is Clinical Wisdom and Interventions in Critical Care: A Thinking-In-Action Approach, with Pat Hooper-Kyriakidis and Daphne Stannard.

Research and Current ProjectsShe is currently the Director of a National

Nursing Education Research Project under the auspices of the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement in Teaching. This research project is part of a larger project that studies the preparation for the professions (PPP). The project requires 60% of her time which is paid for by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement in Teaching. This is the first national study of nursing education for the past 30 years. The Project is beginning the second year of a three year period of funding.

Dr. Benner is Co-Principal Director of the project entitled "Clinical Knowledge Development of Nurses in an Operational environment." The project seeks to address three research aims: 1. To articulate, describe, and interpret experiential learning regarding medical and nursing care during combat operations in order to evaluate and extend this knowledge. 2. To provide narratives of combat practice that could assist in the design and teaching of combat health care. 3. To create a collection of narratives around practice topics or issues that are identified that can be published as a learning resource for nurses.

She is completing a 6 year research project to develop a taxonomy of nursing error and a data collection instrument for the National Council of State Boards of Nursing Entitled "The Taxonomy of Root Cause Analysis for Practice Responsibility" (TERCAP). This data collection tool is now being implemented nationally by State Boards of Nursing. A monograph on this work will be published in 2006.

2002-2005.  Genomics Education for Advanced Practice Nurses $308,663 This training grant is designed to develop new advanced practice nurse specialists who can provide needed quality health care and education in genomics nursing in the following areas: dual specialty clinical nurse specialists and nurse practitioners, doctorally prepared nurse educators, and practicing nurse clinicians.

2004-2007.  National Study of Nursing Education, Funded by Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. $434,341 salary reimbursement for three years.

2005-2006.  Data collection to begin in October, 2005 "Clinical Knowledge Development of Nurses in an Operational Environment" (Funding Approved, Human Subjects Protocol Approved) Federal Nursing Branch, Washington D.C., $176, 000 20% effort as Co-P.I.

2003-2005.  "Values Ethics and Rationing in ICUs" A National Task Force. $24,000 allocated to Patricia Benner/UCSF to do a qualitative study of everyday management of cost constraints and limitations in ICUs. Funded by the Eli Lilly Company.

2002-2005.  National Council of State Boards of Nursing. Developing a Taxonomy of nursing error and data collection tool for a national data base on nursing errors reported to State Boards of Nursing: $60,000.

2002-2006.  Health Policy for Advanced Practice Nurses Grant #6D09 HP 00326. The goal of this program is to address existing gaps in nursing education and practice expertise in the area of Health Policy. $624,259.  P. I. Charlene Harrington

Honors/Awards1964 Dr. Benner received her bachelor's

degree in nursing from Pasadena College.1970 she received her master's degree in

medical surgical nursing from the University of California, San Francisco, and the Ph.D. from the University of California, Berkeley, in Stress and Coping and Health under the direction of Hubert Dreyfus and Richard Lazarus.

1999  Excellence in Caring Award, Yale University

1999  Book of the Year Award in the categories of Critical Care and Emergency, Research, and Advanced Practice, American Journal of Nursing, for Benner, P., Hooper-Kyriakidid P., Stannard, D. Clinical Wisdom and Interventions in Critical Care. A thinking-In-Action Approach.

2002  Recognition of Outstanding Contributions to the National Council of State Boards of Nursing

2002  Thelma Shobe Endowed Chair, Ethics and Spirituality. UCSF, Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences.

2003  Benner, P. The Institute for Nursing Health Care Leadership, Boston, MA: Celebration of 20 years of collecting and extending clinical wisdom, experiential learning, and caring practices

2004  Ross Products-American Association of Critical Care Nurses Pioneering Spirit Award, recognizing significant contributions that influence acute and critical care nursing

2004  Sage Award for Contributions to Nursing Leadership, Center for Nursing Leadership, University of Minnesota October 10-12, 2004.

Books1999  Benner, P., Hooper-Kyriakides,

P., Stannard, D. Clinical Wisdom and Interventions in Critical Care: A thinking-In-Action Approach.

2002  The nursing narratives for reflecting on ethical and clinical judgment. (In Press) Shorinsa Publishers, June.

2004  The use of nursing narratives for reflecting on ethical and clinical judgment. (In Press) Shorinsha Publishers.

2006 in progress:  Malloch, K., Benner, P., Weeks, V. "A Taxonomy of Nursing Error: Strategies for reducing nursing error in nursing practice." (Manuscript in final editing phase.) National Council of State Boards of Nursing. To be published in 2006.

Original Articles2000  Benner, P. Developing clinical

expertise in undergraduate education. Expert Nurse. (In Japanese) 12(15) 107-113.

2000  Emami, W., Benner, P., Ekman, S.L. A sociocultural health model for late-in-life immigrants. Journal of Transcultural Nursing. 12(1), 15-24.

2001  Puntillo, K.A., Benner, P., Drought, t., Drew, B., Stotts, Stannard, D., Rushton, C., White, C. End-of-life issues in intensive care units: A national random survey on nurses' knowledge and beliefs. American Journal of Critical Care. 10(4), 216-299.

2002  Benner, P., Sheetw, V., Uris, P., Malloch, K., Schwed, K., & Jamison, D. Individual, practice, and system causes of errors in nursing: A taxonomy. Journal of Nursing Research. 32(10), 509-523.

2002  Weiss, S.M., Malone, R.e., Merighi, J.R., & Benner, P. Economism, efficiency, and the moral ecology of good nursing practice. Canadian Journal of Nursing Research. 34(2), 95-119.

2002  Benner, P. Using the Dreyfus Model of Skill Acquisition to describe and interpret skill acquisition and clinical judgment in nursing practice and education. (In Press) The Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society.

In Press.  Spichiger, E., Wallhagen, M., Benner, P. "Nursing as a caring practice from a phenomenological perspective." Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. Dracup, K. Cronenwett, L., Benner, P., Meleis, A., "Reflections on the Doctorate of Nursing Practice." Nursing Outlook. (In Press, Sept. 2005)

2005  Harrington, C., Crider, M.C., Benner, P., Malone, R. "Advanced nursing training in health policy: Designing and implementing a new program." Policy, Politics & Nursing Practice 6(2) May 2005., 99-108.

2005  Benner, P. "Using the Dreyfus Model of Skill Acquisition to describe and interpret skill acquisition and clinical judgment in nursing practice and education." The Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society Special Issue: Human Expertise in the Age of the Computer. Vol. 24 (3) 188-199

Note: LISTEN CAREFULLY!!

What did Patricia Benner said about her theory?

FROM NOVICE TO EXPERT:Excellence and Power in Clinical Nursing

Practice

Metaparadigm in Nursing according to

Patricia Benner

Nursingdescribed as a caring

relationship ,an “enabling condition of connection and concern”

a caring practice whose science is guided by the moral art and ethics of care and responsibility.

the care and the study of lived experience of health ,illness and disease and the relationships among these three elements.

Person is a self interpreting being .also

a person has an effortless and nonreflective understanding of the self in the world.Four major aspects of understanding that the person must deal with:The role of the situationThe role of the bodyThe role of personal concernsThe role of temporality

Healthis defined as what can be

assessed, whereas wellbeing is the human experience of health or wholeness. Well-being and being ill is understood as distinct ways of being in the world.

is described as not just the absence of disease and illness also a person may have a disease but not experience, because illness is the human experience of loss and dysfunction ,whereas disease is what can be assessed at the physical level.

SituationUse this term rather than

environment, it conveys a social environment with social definition and meaningfulness.

They use the phenomenological termsbeing situated and situated meaning., which are defined by the person’s engaged interaction ,interpretation and understanding of the situation.

“personal interpretation of the situation is bounded by the way the individual is in it”

THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!!