Part one introduction_to_computer_2010[1]

Mugerwa Richard1

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E-mail: [email protected]

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Part OnePart One

Introduction to Introduction to ComputerComputer

ororComputer LiteracyComputer Literacy

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Lecture outline

What is a Computer? Different parts of a Computer?

Hardware (parts of the hardware)Software (different types of software)

Introduction to Operating Systems (OS)Linux, Windows, Macintosh

Review Question: What is Computer Literacy and WHY do we study it?

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Lecture Objective

To enable students:Understand what a Computer is and its

use.Differentiate and describe the main

components of the Computer.Explain the basic operations of a

computer.Explain the Information Processing

Cycle.Describe the Operating System.Explain what computer literacy is and

why we study it.

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Lecture Outcome

By the end of the Lecture, the student will be able to:know what a Computer is and how to used

it.explain the main components of the

Computer.tell the basic operations of a computer.explain the Information Processing Cycle.describe the Operating System.explain what computer literacy is and why

we study it.

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What is a Computer?

A computer is an electronic toolbox for working with information.

An electronic device <toolbox> that can input data, process it, output and store information.

A system. A collection of related components

that have all been designed to work together smoothly to produce information.

Used for working with Information.

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What is a Computer? cont…

A COMPUTER is an electronic device that can: Receive information Perform processes Produce output Store infomartion for future use.

Just as you use a knife and chisels to create wood carvings, you use a computer to create documents, such as letters, drawings, etc.

Basically you can use a computer for nearly all the work that you do behind a desk:

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You can use a computer for the kind of work that you do behind a desk.

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Basic Operations of a Computer (IPOS)Inputting DataProcessing DataOutputting DataStoring Data

Information Processing CycleData (INPUT & PROCESSED)Information (OUTPUT & STORE)Data/information (RE-USED)

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Information Processing Cycle (diagram) PROCESSING

INPUT

OUTPUT

STORAGE

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Why bother to use the computer? – or CharacteristicsWork fasterRe-Use Documents and informationFaster and more accurate calculationsFaster communicationProduce more copiesStore InformationFASTER &

EFFICIENT

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Characteristics that make a computer powerful

Speed – A computer can do billions of actions per second.

Reliability – Failures are usually due to human error, one way or another. (GIGO)

Storage – A computer can keep huge amounts of data.


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Types of computer – The world's first general purpose, electronic, digital computer, the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC), was developed in 1946. It measured 18 feet by 80 feet and weighed 30 tons.

Invented by John Mauchly and electrical engineer J. Presper Eckert.

Both men had joined the University of Pennsylvania's Moore School of Engineering in 1941.

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Types of computerPersonal computer (PC) – IBM compatible and Macintosh computersLaptop or notebook computer

because of the size.Desktop (IBM)iMac – (desktop) all-in-one design

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Other types of computer Palmtop - small computer that literally fits in

your palm. Also Personal Digital Assistant Workstation - similar to desktop computers,

but are more powerful and are usually connected to a network.

Server - specialized computers that store and deliver, or “serve up,” information to other computers on a network.

Mainframe - powerful computers used mainly by large organizations.

…

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Basic parts of a computerThese items are the things you notice

right away when you look at a desktop computer.

The computer case or system unit, The monitor or screen, The keyboard, The mouse, and the power cord and other cables.

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Exercise 1

Switch on the computerLogin into the computerLogoutShutdown the computer

Power switch button

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Components of a ComputerComponents of a Computer

What are the components of a What are the components of a computer?computer?

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Components of a Computer

Two main components:Hardware – The physical parts of

the computer system.The tangible and moveable parts of the computer system.

Software – The intangible parts of the computer system.

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Components of a Computer cont…

Hardware is any part of your computer that has a physical structure, such as the computer monitor or keyboard. If you can touch it, it is hardware.

Software is any set of instructions that tells the hardware what to do. It is what guides the user to tell the hardware how to accomplish different tasks.

NOTE: Neither the hardware nor software can work as a stand alone, they both must work together to form a complete computer system.

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Hardware component is classified according to the main functions of a computer

Inputting DevicesKeyboardMouseMicrophoneScannerCameras …

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Processing DevicesCentral Processing Unit (CPU) –

the “brain” of the computer. It interprets instructions to the computer (control unit), and performs the arithmetic and logical processing (ALU).

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Processing Devices: Memory – Random Access Memory (RAM) Instructions waiting to be executed Data needed by those instructions Results of processed data

Any information stored in RAM is lost when the computer is turned off.

It is volatileTemporary / Primary storage

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Memory – We measure the size of memory by telling how many bytes it can hold.

Data in memory is stored as binary digits (BITS) e.g. 011100101010

1 BYTE = 8 bits 1 byte usually stores 1 text character. 1 kilobyte = 210 bytes = 1024 bytes 1 megabyte = 220 bytes = ~1 million bytes 1 gigabyte = 230 bytes = ~1 billion bytes 1 terabyte = 240 bytes = ~1 trillion bytes One megabyte can hold approximately 500 pages of text

information.

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Storage Devices – Auxiliary / secondary storage devices are used for permanent storage of data.hard diskscompact discs – CD, VCD and DVD drivesflash cardsfloppy disks

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Output devices – make the information resulting from the processing available for use. printer - produces a hard copyScreen or monitor - produces a

soft copyspeakers,…

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Output devices – screen or monitor works with a video card inside case.

There are two main types: The cathode ray tube (CRT) – big,

like a tube television take big space and cheap.

And liquid crystal display (LCD) – thin and saves energy, but costs more. Over the years you can expect to see fewer CRT monitors as LCD monitors become the standard.

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Printer (output)

Monitor (output)

Speaker (output)

Scanner (input)

Mouse (input)

Keyboard (input)

Storage devices(CD-RW, Floppy, Hard disk, zip,…)

Camera (input)

Speaker (output)

Zip Drive(storage)

System unit(processor, memory…)

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Software – A computer program or set of instructions that tells the hardware exactly what to do.

A computer program is a set of instructions to the computer.

Software is a program that enables a computer to perform a specific tasks.

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Computer software is the key to productive use of computers.

Software can be categorized into two types:System softwareApplication softwareProgramming language

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System software – computer software designed to operate the computer hardware and to provide and maintain a platform for running application software Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) – It

starts and loads the OSOperating systems (OS)Utility softwareDevice driversAnti virus

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Application Software consists of programs that tell a computer how to produce information.

It is a computer software designed to help the user to perform singular or multiple related specific tasks.

Some of the more commonly used packages are: Word processing Electronic spreadsheet Database Power Point Presentation Web browsers Image editors …

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Programming language – software which computer programmer use to write/design instructions for a computer to execute COBOL FORTRAN Pascal C, C++ Java PHP Visual Basic …

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Introduction to Operating Introduction to Operating Systems (OS)Systems (OS)

What is Operating Systems (OS)?What is Operating Systems (OS)?

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Introduction to Operating Systems (OS) cont…

An OS is a computer program that:Controls the hardware of the computer,Enables the user to communicate with

the computer. The most common operating systems:

DOS, Microsoft Windows, Apple Macintosh, UNIX, Linux

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Review Questions

What is a Computer?Differentiate and describe the main

components of the Computer?What do you understand by term the

Operating System (OS). Give some examples of OS you know.

Explain the Information Processing Cycle.

What is computer literacy is and why we study this course?

Part one introduction_to_computer_2010[1]

Education

digital computer

computer eniac

computer powerfulspeed

conttypes of computer

conta computer

future use

electronic device

electronic toolbox