Example of Example of Phenomenological Phenomenological Inquiry Inquiry • An interpretative phenomenological analysis of delusions in people with Parkinson's disease. • Todd, D., Simpson, J., & Murray, C. • Purpose: to explore what delusional experiences mean for people with Parkinson’s Disease. • Method: Eight participants were interviewed; interpretive phenomenological analysis was used to identify themes within their accounts • Four themes emerged: • 1. “I got very frightened” – the emotional experience associated with the delusions • 2. “Why the hells that happening” – sense of uncertainty and of losing control • 3. “I feel like I’m disintegrating” – loss of identity and sense of self • 4. “I’ve just tried to make the best of things” – acceptance and adjustment
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Example of Example of Phenomenological Phenomenological
InquiryInquiry• An interpretative phenomenological analysis of delusions in people with
Parkinson's disease.
• Todd, D., Simpson, J., & Murray, C.
• Purpose: to explore what delusional experiences mean for people with Parkinson’s Disease.
• Method: Eight participants were interviewed; interpretive phenomenological analysis was used to identify themes within their accounts
• Four themes emerged:
• 1. “I got very frightened” – the emotional experience associated with the delusions
• 2. “Why the hells that happening” – sense of uncertainty and of losing control
• 3. “I feel like I’m disintegrating” – loss of identity and sense of self
• 4. “I’ve just tried to make the best of things” – acceptance and adjustment
• Not appropriate when one is trying to establish the pervasiveness of an attitude or behaviour, or to compare situations in order to predict or control
• An appropriate question - “What IS X,”
• Not appropriate – “What CAUSES X”
• Requires that the researcher becomes a phenomenologist
• The research must explore his/her own consciousness
• Specifically designed for psychology; developed across basically all disciplinary areas, such as learning, perception, language, cognition, personality and social life.
• Inspires insight in the researcher as well as the consumers of the research
• The sample size is usually small, allowing detailed accounts from each participant
Individual ReflectionsIndividual Reflections• In order to reflect on Phenomenology we have
included the links to our blogs for this week:
• Kendra:
kendra200129488.wordpress.com
• Christine:
christine556004623.wordpress.com
• Erica:
erica301016876.wordpress.com
Discussion QuestionsDiscussion Questions• There are some people who argue that empathy
cannot be learned and is an innate quality. Do you agree or disagree and if so, how does a researcher know if he/she has “enough” empathy to embark in phenomenological inquiry?
• If all we can know is oneself (solipsism) what do you think the benefits are of researching subjective experiences?
• What are potential limitations of openly accepting participant’s point of view?
Discussion QuestionsDiscussion Questions
• Phenomenology emphasizes description rather then interpretation of the participants experience. Do you think that a description is sufficient to capture the experience or do you think that interpretation is necessary for understanding.
• Notice the two opposing views on phenomenological research. How can one theory have two opposite views? Why do you think this is?
• How do you think one’s lifeworld would influence one’s relationships with others? How might a lifeworld promote or hinder positive relationship formation? Do you believe that we all have different lifeworlds?
ReferencesReferences• Todd, D., Simpson, J., & Murray, C. (2010). An interpretative phenomenological analysis of delusions in
people with Parkinson's disease. Disability & Rehabilitation, 32(15), 1291-1299. doi:10.3109/09638280903514705.
• Wertz, F. (2005). Phenomenological Research Methods for Counseling Psychology. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52(2), 167-177. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.52.2.167.
• Hein, S., & Austin, W. (2001). Empirical and hermeneutic approaches to phenomenological research in psychology: A comparison. Psychological Methods, 6(1), 3-17. doi:10.1037/1082-989X.6.1.3.
• Bentz, V. M & Shapiro, J. J. (1998). Mindful inquiry in social research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications
• Giorgi, A. (1997). The theory, practice, and evaluation of the phenomenological method as a qualitative research procedure. Journal of Phenomenological Psychology, 28(2), 235-260.
• Goulding, C. (1998). Consumer research, interpretive paradigms and methodological ambiguities. European Journal of Marketing, 33(9), 859-873.
• Laverty, S. M. (2003). Hermeneutic phenomenology and phenomenology: A comparison of historical and methodological considerations. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 2(3). Article 3. Retrieved July 10, 2010 from http://www.ualberta.ca/~iiqm/backissues/2_3final/pdf/laverty.pdf
• Wertz, F. J. (1999). Multiple methods in psychology: Epistemological grounding and the possibility of unity. Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology, 19(2), 131-166.
• Burston, D. & Frie, R. (2006). Psychotherapy as a human science. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Duquesne University Press.
• Wimpenny, P. & Gass, J. (2000). Intervirewing in phenomenology and grounded theory: is there a difference? Journal of Advanced Nursing, 31(6). Retrieved from EBSCOHost.