Parallel Park, B.Arch Thesis

PARALLEL PARKLAUREN LEE : THESIS : CAL POLY, SAN LUIS OBISPO

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MANIFESTO

FOUNDATIONS

4 12

PARALLEL PARK

INSPIRATION

16

BOTTLED LIGHT

SITE ANALYSIS

26 30

PROGRAM

52

WOMAN: Excuse me.

MAN: Excuse me.

-from the film Waking Life

WOMAN:

Hey. Could we do that again? I know we haven’t met, but I don’t want to be an ant. You know? I mean, it’s like we go through life with our antennas bouncing off one another, continuously on ant autopilot, with nothing really human required of us. Stop. Go. Walk here. Drive there. All action basically for survival. All communica-tion simply to keep this ant colony buzzing along in an efficient, polite manner. “Here’s your change.” “Paper or plastic?’ “Credit or debit?” “You want ketchup with that?” I don’t want a straw. I want real human moments. I want to see you. I want you to see me. I don’t want to give that up. I don’t want to be an ant, you know?

5 Manifesto4

-from the film Waking Life

Enhance seemingly common, banal experi-ences by developing areas often neglected by quality design. Improve pedestrian circulation while creating nodes. Create DEMOCRATIC space and bring people together to promote diffusion by including a diverse, multi-functional program. Draw a frame for human life to occur.

thesis goals

5Manifesto 5

- before I was even interested in design - I recall a time when I believed that my calling was to help others and somehow change the world for the better. When we’re young, we feel like we are capable of anything. We believe that we

can be superheroes. As we grow older, we become tainted by our failures and by what people tell us we can and cannot do. We lose confidence in ourselves and in the world and it is easy to lose sight of why we first came.

Now I look back with the insight to move forward. >>

BEFORE ARCHITECTURE SCHOOL

5 5 Manifesto6

We work as focused as children play. -Jean Nouvel

5Manifesto 7

I am a responsible citizen of the world and must act accordingly. Archi-tecture carries a heavy responsibility. When a building is erected into the world, there is always a cost - in resources, in land, and in the natural mechanism of the organic and social environment. A building causes a ripple that reverberates be-yond its immediate dropping point. It bears an eternal burden of debt, and spends the rest of its life paying it off. It must show the world: I deserve to be here be-cause I am good for you! You need me as much as I need you. I stand here to serve a purpose and I promise, I will not let you down. Interfering with nature’s cycle is no trivial endeavor, and an architect must prove his or her creation worthy of existence.

1.A BUILDING IS NOT AN ISLAND.

5 Manifesto8

I am a result of every success and failure in architecture school and beyond, but the failures have been most significant. One of the greatest lessons I’ve learned from architecture school is to lose the fear of losing, of failing, or of be-ing judged; to believe in my ideas and follow them. I used to think that people with creative design solutions were born with a gift. Now I believe that people can manifest creativity and instinct they never knew they had until forced out of them through a series of failures. Letting go of all pride and self-consciousness is what enables great things to happen. Creativity is not an esoteric, elusive ability known to only the select few. It is a muscle that can be exercised; a revelation that comes in moments during everyday life. It does not discriminate.

2.CREATIVITY IS NOT A GIFT.

5Manifesto 9

As basic as it sounds, it’s amazing how easy it is to forget. It’s important to put things into perspective and remember the reason that I first decided to become an architect in the fifth grade. I loved to draw, and I found design FASCINATING and EXCITING. I think that when designers enjoy themselves, it is evident in their work and in their optimistic problem solving approach.

3.DESIGN SHOULD BE FUN. !!!

5 Manifesto10

Good design should be good for you, for

others and for nature. - Mads Hagstrøm

5Manifesto 11

THESIS

FOUNDATIONS

THESIS

FOUNDATIONS

SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY

Before living in Denmark, I associated sustainability with the green movement to save the environment, a more than legitimate reason to jump on the bandwagon. However, I’ve learned to define sustainability in not only environmental and eco-nomic terms, but in a social term as well. Danes place immense importance on quality public space and a sense of human connection. I now know that the yin has a ; that for every action there is a reaction in the urban en-vironment. Architectural karma, perhaps. I now believe that design should have all people in mind - those inside and outside the building. A good architect steps back from the dotted setback lines and designs social impact.

5Foundations 13

[DEMOCRATIC] SPACE

Due to lack of urban planning or account for growth, American suburbs are often full of isolated buildings, surrounded by dead streets and sidewalks rather than space for activity and spontaneity. A multi-functional program leads to diversity of user population, and thus, heightened awareness of community and healthy dif-fusion. Well-planned architecture has the potential to serve as a means of connec-tion between people who would normally never cross paths - affirmation that good design promotes social equality and a sense of connection to a greater whole. We must eliminate the notion of quality architecture as an exclusive ‘high culture’ com-modification.

Good design is for EVERYONE.

: favoring or characterized by social equality; egalitarian

5 Foundations14

TRANSIT-ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT

A step toward a more sustainable future, planned around efficiency, encouraging public transit for all and making it a viable, realistic option that supports all lifestyles and daily schedules. Design integrated into public transit blends seamlessly into the rhythm of urban life, not to mention the obvious benefits of decreased carbon emissions and strong

pedestrian access. Transit-oriented development zooms out to the big picture, all the while giving human scale to architecture that would otherwise be an island, isolated and disconnected from the culture it was built to support.

5Foundations 15

The Maritime Youth House is shared by two clients, a sail club and a youth house, who had very different programs. The youth

house needed outdoor space for the kids to play, the sail club needed most of the site to park their boats.

Instead of using the 25% of the budget allocated to clean the polluted site, the architect’s discovered that the pollution was heavy metals, and therefore stable. If they covered the entire

site with a wooden deck, without reaching the bottom, it was not necessary to clean the site. This meant that the entire budget

could be spent on the program and the architecture.

The design is the literal results of the architect’s negotiations with the two contradictory demands. The common room, where

most of the daily activities take place, is located in the front house, the workshop and storage is in the back corner building.

MARITIME YOUTH CENTERCopenhagen, Denmark

PLOT Architects

5 Inspiration16

Bo01, a self-sustaining ecological city, is a new-ly built, permanent district with mixed build-ings, encompassing both commercial and so-cial services together with 500 housing units. Bo01 demonstrates how intelligent information technology, dignified welfare solutions, and aesthetic simplicity makes the sustainable city more attractive than ever.

BO01 Malmo, Sweden

Various architects

5 Inspiration18

This footbridge spans a bypass that connects two densely populated quarters; the historical town of Las Palmas and a newer suburb. The design integrates infrastructure, landscape and recreational facilities. Spanning 93 meters, it incorporates existing pedestrian and cyclist lanes on three levels. The complex structure is entwined at places where facilities are incorpo-rated. The program entails a restaurant, bars, sport facilities and a community center. The ex-terior of the structure is cladded with perforated metal sheets, the interior features wood for the ‘slow’ lanes and a combination of concrete and perforated steel for the ‘fast lanes’.

PASARELA DE LA BALLENA Las Palmas, Gran CanariaUN Studio

5Inspiration 19

Sixty seconds of architecture. Along the A2 high-way from Amsterdam to Maastricht, the Acoustic Barrier and the Cockpit have been designed from the perspective of a flow of cars passing by with the speed of 75 mph. The dominant design prin-ciple in this building is the use of long continu-ous lines forming smoothly stretched shells on both sides of the barrier.

The long elastic lines along the length of the bar-rier have no explicit beginning or end and make up a 1.5 km long stretched slender body. This streamlining is used for cars, boats and planes to diminish drag. In the section the shapes change from angular to smoothly curved, from convex to concave curves. The A2 Highway front is built up with a triangulated system of 300 one-off glass elements, the other front side is clad with an aluminium cladding.

HESSING COCKPITUtrecht, Netherlands

ONL Architects

5 Inspiration20

The Freeway Park in Seattle, Wash-ington, United States, extends from Downtown Seattle, where it adjoins the Washington State Convention and Trade Center, to First Hill. The park bridges over Interstate 5 and a large city-owned parking lot; 8th Avenue bridges over the park.

The park provides a space where residents, shoppers, downtown office workers, hotel visitors and the whole array of people from all backgrounds who make up the downtown population come togeth-er to enjoy the social elements of a city park.

FREEWAY PARKSeattle, WashingtonLawrence Halprin

5Inspiration 21

The Olympic Sculpture Park has transformed a nine-acre industrial site into open and vibrant green space for art. This new waterfront park gives Seattle residents and visitors the opportunity to experience a variety of sculpture in an outdoor setting, while enjoying the incredible views.

The design concept was an innovative Z-shaped configuration connecting three parcels into a se-ries of four distinct landscapes. This design af-forded a wide range of environmental restoration processes, including brownfield redevelopment, salmon habitat restoration, native plantings and sustainable design strategies.

OLYMPIC SCULPTURE PARKSeattle, WashingtonWeiss/Manfredi Architects

5 Inspiration22

Amager Strandpark is Copenhagen’s architect-planned beach. Remodeled in 2007 to serve as a comprehensive site for coastal lifestyle, the beach’s unique design caters to all facets of beach activity, whether it’s wind-surfing or short-boarding in the ‘surfer zone’, maneuvering through the sand dunes, slipping through the waves in a kayak, or taking a dive through the special under-water swimming course.

Amager is also ideal for families due to the protection from the currents and surf offered by the lagoon—formed by the two kilometer long island—allowing for a safe environment where children can splash and play. Facilities are close at hand too, with five specially designed ‘beach stations’ housing food ser-vice, showers and restrooms respectively. Special activities and events are scheduled throughout the summer, such as the Dan-ish Championships in Beach-Volleyball, the Amager Festival and the open-air cinema, making this beach park a hive of activity and focal point for the adventurous and outdoor-oriented.

AMAGERSTRAND PARKCopenhagen, Denmark

Weiss/Manfredi Architects

5Inspiration 23

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PROBLEM:

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SOLUTION:

made from recycled glass bottles

From distillery to consumer to junkyard to furniture...

Where does a packaging container go when it dies? If death means fulfillment of its duty to the consum-er, most likely, it will be mindlessly disposed to the landfill. If it’s lucky, it will be recycled and reincarnated as something less worthy and less dignified than its previous body. It will be downcycled in the process of recycling. Is this fair? Is this just? No, it deserves better. In fact, I believe it has potential to be something even more useful, more vital, and more beautiful in its next life. It can be even more enriching and significant to its user’s life than before.

Behold the glass bottle. Though originally designed for ergonomic purposes of holding, drinking, and pouring bever-ages, their beautifully curved lines hold sheer elegance that is rarely appreciated during or after consumption. These chande-lier crystals don’t even require chiseling or shaping – their forms are already perfectly suitable for a light fixture. Aside from sandblasting and removal of their bottoms, the bottles speak for themselves. One could say these bottles were saved from the grave (if the junkyard is the grave, that is.) Instead of being thrown into the pile with their fellow bottles to be melted down and blown into more glass bottles or an insulation composite (which would be not only a missed opportunity, but also totally boring), they have been graciously resurrected into vessels of light. And needless to say, compact fluorescent candelabras have been used as light sources, each using only three watts of energy.

Voila! These glass bottles have been given what they deserve: a second chance.

5Bottled Light 27

the life of a

glass bottle

OR

5 Bottled Light28

OR1 2

3 4

5

Located directly on the southern border of San Francisco, California, Daly City is one of the most densely populated cities in the country. As the first suburb to San Fran-cisco with a distinct architectural style, it boasts a diverse demographic population with myriad neighborhoods and communi-ties. With a high-traffic public transit sta-tion that connects the city to San Francis-co, the East Bay, and soon, south to Silicon Valley, Daly City is surprisingly among the top cities in the U.S. with the highest tran-sit ridership.

SITE :

Daly City, California"The Gat

eway to the Peni

nsula"

5 Site Studies30

SITE :

high trafficlow traffic

Main Roads and FreewaysThe BART station is located at the intersection of Highways 280, 1, and main road John Daly Blvd.

Bike-Friendly RoadsA small amount of bike traffic occurs in Daly City.

DALY CITY

5 Site Studies38

Public TransitBART, SamTrans, and Muni make for well-connected public transit within Daly City and to the North, South, and East bay.

Existing Green SpaceMost green areas are dedicated to large private golf courses. However, San Bruno Mountain remains a preserved natural habitat.

5Site Studies 39

Development on and around the Daly City BART station has raised levels of concern about neighborhood character, design and scale.

Changes to the station area’s roadways and sidewalks have increasingly prioritized accommodating sur-face and freeway auto traffic, limiting station access for pedestrians and cyclists. This has contributed to a generally bleak and unattractive station area, discouraging foot traffic and street-facing development that create a lively station area - in stark contrast with other BART station areas.

The Community Vision Process promotes and integrates access improvements designed to create a more attractive sense of “place” at the station. This includes linking area neighborhoods together better for people on foot, and managing and orienting the scale and character of new development so that it re-shapes the station area as more pleasant community center and gateway in addition to being a major regional transit hub.

Station Area Development

5 Site Studies40

Daly City BART Station

As a consequence of the Daly City BART Station’s role as a commuter terminus alongside the junction of I-280 and major arterials, the primacy given to facilitating automobile access has led to a station that is disconnected and poorly integrated into the surrounding neighbor-hoods, many of whice are classified as “environmental justice” communities (low-income, largely minority, and tending to be more transit- and walk-dependent.

Historically, the area was served by streetcars from San Francisco that gave rise the the small-scale commercial district known as “Top of the Hill” about five blocks east of the sta-tion. With the construction of I-280 and the opening of BART, this extraordinary vehicular access and roadway network has compromised the ability for the station to develop as a cen-terpiece and focal point for the community, and local development has largely been discon-nected and not easily accessible on foot from the station. No developments within walking distance from the station (Westlake Shopping Center, Oceanview Village and Pacific Plaza) offers direct, accessible and comfortable pedestrian links to the station, despite their immedi-ate proximity.

5 Site Studies42

Marchbank Park and Pacific Plaza Commercial complex of movie theater and restaurants

Surrounding residential neighborhoodsNeglected since BART station was built

Underground pedestrian tunnelAcross John Daly Blvd., providing access to and from Bart station

Connection goalsLinking Bart to neighborhoods and commercial complex

5Site Studies 43

Infrastructure through green space Connecting Bart to its neighborhoods and giving community land back to pedestrians

5 Site Studies44

In May 2006, the Bay Area Rapid Transit System Planning Department created a Comprehensive Station Plan - a thorough and integrated analysis of planning issues at every station, evaluating area development, passenger access, and capacity and functionality. In summary, the main existing problems and opportuni-ties with the Daly City BART station were:

Access to station difficult for pedestrians, cyclists. Freeway onramps and crosswalks feel unsafe.

Hard to walk through station area to reach other neighborhoods.

Station perceived as dank, unwelcoming, and dirty.

Concern about new development near station: scale, density, congestion.

BART policy is to work with community while seeking new revenue and ridership.

*****

Awkward pedestrian bridge

5Site Studies 45

Station Access Survey Findings:

Pedestrian trips to BART (16% - 17%) low when compared to stations with similar densities, and diversity.

Walk to BART cited as “unsafe,” encourages more driving, drop-off and general station area traffic.

Jaywalking is common.

High number of bus-to-BART trips.

Garage 85 - 91% full, even with parking garage.

Daly City station attracts drivers from all over Peninsula.

**

*

***

Underground pedestrian tunnel

Parking lot and deserted area under BART tracks

5 Site Studies46

The Daly City Station serves as the southernmost BART station with access to all four lines serving San Francisco. Additionally, Daly City is a key transfer point for SamTrans and MUNI transit service, as well as shuttles that serve Seton Medical Center and San Francisco State University. This position makes Daly City an important transit node for the peninsula, the South Bay, and the region as a whole. Daly City BART station is the 3rd most used station outside of San Francisco.

Daly City also has one of the largest Asian populations in the U.S. Nearly one-third of residents are Filipino, a greater share than any city outside of the Philippines.

Most of the entries at Daly City occur in the a.m. peak with patrons using the station as their home origin point. Riders entering at Daly City are most likely headed for downtown San Francisco - in fact, 80% of a.m. peak patrons are bound for the four downtown Market Street stations.

The Daly City station, however, does serve some key destinations, including San Francisco State Univer-sity, Pacific Plaza, and Seton Medical Center, the largest employer in Daly City. It ranks 20th out of 39 stations as an a.m. destination during the morning peak hours.

Who Uses Daly City BART Station?

5Site Studies 47

55%Female

45%Male

Gender Age

46%Under 30

19%50 or more

35%30-49

White Black/African American

Asian/Pacific Islander

Spanish/ Hispanic

Other

Ethnicity

Profile of Station Users (2005)Commute To/From

Work

School

Visit friends/family

Other business

Airport

Medical/Dental

Personal Business

Restaurant

Shopping

Theater or Concert

Recreation/Exercise

Siteseeing

Other

%

57

23

5

5

3

1

1

1

1

1

<1

<1

<1

Purpose of Station Use

5 Site Studies48

With relatively high population densities and a larger percentage of households without a car (8.1%) than the county as a whole (6.1%), with employment centers (Pacific Plaza, Westlake, Top of the Hill) surrounded by high-density residential areas, and with the relatively high and growing number of transit users and carpoolers, Daly City’s overall lower share of walk-to-work commuters than that of the county as a whole would normally be hard to predict. However, the same pedestrian barriers (freeway on-ramps, high-speed arterials, lack of sidewalks and crosswalks) that were cited in the 2002 Access Plan as sup-pressing walk-to-BART rates most likely play a role in this factor as well.

Comparing survey data collected in 2005 with that collected in 1998 shows an important trend in the modes used for station access. While trends point to a station increasingly more dependent on transit, walking remains relatively low (17%) compared to the systemwide average of 26%, far below those of “peer” stations (with parking, similar area density, demographics, and vehicle ownership rates). Bike ac-cess rates for Daly City, less than 1%, are also lower than the 3% systemwide rate.

Because the comparitive proportions of drive alone, transit, pedestrian and bicycle access to Daly City BART are not in line with the BART targets of emphasizing non-auto transportation, this station needs a community-based plan to reach these targets.

Daly City Residents: Journey to Work

5Site Studies 49

Mode

Drove Alone

Carpool

Transit

Walk to work

Daly City(%)

57.7

20.3

17.8

1.3

San Mateo County (%)

72.3

12.8

7.4

2.1

San Francisco (%)

41.1

9.3

32.1

8.8

Journey to Work Station Access Modes for Daly City Station

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

Car Drop Off or

Carpool

Drove Alone

Transit Walk Bicycle Other

2002 Survey

2005 Survey

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%

Car

Drop Off or Carpool

Drove Alone

Transit

Walk

Bicycle

Other

2005 Survey

2002 Survey

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%

Car

Drop Off or Carpool

Drove Alone

Transit

Walk

Bicycle

Other

2005 Survey

2002 Survey

Access Mode Comparison 1998-2005

Access Modes to Daly City BART Station

5 Site Studies50

*Guiding Principles of Design Solutions for Station Area

**

Transform station area into community centerpiece that strengthens local identity and a gateway that welcomes people to surrounding neighborhoods, San Francisco, Daly City, and the Peninsula.

Improve access by creating safe pedestrian connections to and from the station and throughout the surrounding area, providing balanced access to all modes (walk, bike, drive, carpool, transit).

Make the station area a humane environment, animated with art, color, and amenities for all station area users.

5Site Studies 51

Art and Media Museum

Skate/BikePark

Multi-Purpose/ Conference Center

Coffee/Tea Lounge

Juxtaposition of Programs

5 Program52

Juxtaposition of Programs

5Program 53

Place Meter

DAY ACTIVITY

NIGHTACTIVITY

ESSENTIALSERVICE

YOUTH ADULT ELDERLY LOCALS VISITORS

a 5

3awu f s

v

i

Art and Media MuseumAn art museum is a place of cultural diffusion, education, and stimulation, providing a universal attraction for both locals and tourists seeking activity, and appealing to a wide range of demo-graphics. A means of identity establish-ment for a city, forging a timeless monu-ment, while also drawing an open frame for ephemerality and change.

Coffee and Tea LoungeA place of of relaxation, purity and peace of mind that can be leisurely en-joyed with company or by oneself. Tea is a timeless, simple beverage deeply rooted in Asian culture; one that contin-ues to have meaning in Asian-American communities today. As a universal drink with a primal history, it permeates every modern culture.

DAY ACTIVITYNIGHT ACTIVITY

ESSENTIAL SERVICEYOUTHADULT

ELDERLYLOCALS

VISITORS

DAY ACTIVITYNIGHT ACTIVITY

ESSENTIAL SERVICEYOUTHADULT

ELDERLYLOCALS

VISITORS

::ACCESS::

DAY ACTIVITYNIGHT ACTIVITY

ESSENTIAL SERVICEYOUTHADULT

ELDERLYLOCALS

VISITORS

5 Program54

Coffee and Tea LoungeConference/Multi-Purpose CenterIn previous proposals to improve the Daly City BART station area, a conference center was planned to accompany Pacific Plaza. The center will act as a place of gathering that can support a range of activities from business conventions to ballroom dancing classes to topical lectures. The community’s citizens have full autonomy of its usage and role, reflecting common values, priorities, and interests.

Skate and Bike ParkA skate park is an active hub for youth and adolescents, full of dynamism, self-expres-sion, and exhibition. Skate and bike parks provide an outlet for young people while also creating a constantly changing spectacle for passers-by.

DAY ACTIVITYNIGHT ACTIVITY

ESSENTIAL SERVICEYOUTHADULT

ELDERLYLOCALS

VISITORS

DAY ACTIVITYNIGHT ACTIVITY

ESSENTIAL SERVICEYOUTHADULT

ELDERLYLOCALS

VISITORS

DAY ACTIVITYNIGHT ACTIVITY

ESSENTIAL SERVICEYOUTHADULT

ELDERLYLOCALS

VISITORS

::ACCESS::

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