Palnitkar solarenergyindependenceasusedinruralindia

• 1. Solar Energy Independenceas Used in Rural IndiaGiven: April 27, 2007

2. Overview of Presentation India demographics and need for resources Indias energy profile Why solar? Governmental and Private Initiatives Problems Conclusion 3. India: Land of a Billion Energy Needs 2.4% of land area with 16%of the worlds population Life Expectancy 64.71 years Household sector: largestconsumer of energyaccounting for 40-50 % oftotal energy consumption In rural areas, the domesticsector accounts for nearly80 percent of total energyconsumption About two thirds of Indiasmore than 1 billion peoplelive in rural areas 4. Indias Energy Crisis - Dependence India is currently importing 100 million tons ofcrude oil Foreign exchange outflow of Rs.1.5 trillionper year (nearly $34 billion) At this rate, in 2030 the country may have toimport 300 million tons of crude oil. 5. The Presidents Message: Independence Cut down energy losses Utilize technologies to providea diverse supply ofenvironmentally friendlyenergy We must achieve EnergyIndependence by 2030,including a cut down in ALLsectors Increase the power generatedthrough renewable energysources from 5% to 25%President A.P.J. Abdul Kalam This is the nations first andhighest priority(Rocket Scientist) 6. Presidents Solar Message Kalam pushes solar as akey part of the 2030 energyindependence plan Agricultural sector - both forpowering farms and fordesalination plants to bringin fresh water Nanotechnology research --something that India hasalready embraced -- to adrive to improve solarefficiencies. 7. Two ways to Solar Thermal Energy Research and development for technologies. Example: A large solar dish has been set upunder a research project at Latur in Maharashtrato provide process heat for milk pasteurization. Photovoltaic Energy 8. Brief Overview of Solar PV Technology Solar cells are made of silicon (microelectronics/semiconductors) Treated to be positive on one side and negative on the other. When light energy hits the cell, electrons are knocked loose fromthe atoms in the semiconductor material. If electrical conductors are attached to the positive and negativesides, forming an electrical circuit, the electrons can be captured inthe form of an electric current. 9. Indias Solar Profile India ranks 3rd inannual productioncapacity of solar PVahead of Germany,France and Australia India increasing budgetfor implementing solarpower plants 10. Why is Solar so easy for Rural India? 11. Rural Needs are Simple Fuel for cooking Water for drinking Light for studying Television and telephone for entertainmentand connectivity 12. India Has a Lot of Sunlight Sunlight on the surface of earth is the radiationreceived from sun. India has adequate sunshine available for mostparts of the year, including rural areas. The amount of solar energy impacting the surface ofearth is 1000 watts per square meter, which is about32.8 million MW every second on the Indian landmass. *A large part of the incident heat is reflected to theouter space or radiated back to space. 13. Solar: Easy Energy In Rural India Solar energy ispractically inexhaustible Widely distributed Environment friendly Cost free in raw form No need to transportraw materials tovillages No towers, heavycabling, etc. 14. Governmental Rural Initiative:Solar Cooking Project Current sources availablefor cooking are firewood,crop residues and animaldung in rural areas Promoted by theGovernment of India Parabolic Dish SolarCookers Solar Box Cooker Community Solar Cooker Solar Steam CookingSystem 15. Private Initiative:Solar Loans from Selco India Customers: poor daily-wagelaborers to institutions All buy solar panels at thesame rate: about $450 for a40-watt system that can lightseveral 7-watt bulbs for fourhours between charges. Persuaded rural banks to lendhundreds of dollars to ruralpeople 16. Governmental Rural Initiative:Solar Farms 100 MW sized VeryLarge Scale SolarPhotovoltaic (VLSPV)Stations Program to developefficiency of solar cellsfrom 15% to 50% Make farmers farm thesun 17. Private Initiative:Tata Power makes life Solar Sunbank, a customized package for ruralbanks Coming soon : ATMs Suraksha, a solar-powered communicationsystem, helps police stations functioneffectively 18. Private Initiative:Tata Power contd. Solar powered vaccinerefrigeratormanufacturedindigenously by thecompany and approvedby the World HealthOrganization (WHO). Low cost solar lantern 19. Private Initiative:Tata Power contd. Currently powering houses, schools,police stations, etc.My Uncles House powered by solar 20. Disadvantages of Solar Energy for RuralIndia Low intensity or dispersion Its unpredictability, which varies with the whims ofweather (Monsoon Season) Cost of Solar Equipment for the poor Financingschemes Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency (IREDA) - a Public Limited Company, providing revolving fund to financing and leasing companies offering affordable credit for the purchase of PV systems 21. But is it working? Thermal Program: 600,000 solar cookers havebeen produced. 2000 concentrating dishcookers 12 community village cookersand 1.5 million sq m ofcollector area for water heatingsystems have been achieved. Photovoltaic Program: 55000 street lighting systems 340,000 home lighting systems 1566 kW of power plants 540,000 solar lanterns havebeen produced 22. Conclusion700 Million Rural People x80% of total energy for these needs ___________________________________ Making Indias rural population and India more energy independent