OSYM PASSAGES 1 (oklu aç

YDS 2000

MHMT.MMGR Metin Oklar ve eviriler

YDS 2000 (47-49)Some 130 million years ago, a spike-backed dinosaur walked heavily through the wilderness of what came to be Australia, and left its footprints as a gift for the future. They were the worlds best impressions of a dinosaurs two-ton footfalls. When they were found seven years ago in a remote valley in northern Australia, they provided scientists with the first clear evidence that dinosaurs had lived in Australia. This discovery provided further evidence for the theory that Australia was once joined to a vast super-continent that included what is now South America, Africa, India and Antarctica.

1.It is clear from the passage that, millions of years ago, Australia ----.

A) was undoubtedly the only suitable place in the world for the survival of dinosaurs

B) was almost certainly not, as it is today, a separate continent C) was, for the first time, inhabited by a large variety of dinosaursD) was for the most part a wilderness where no living being could survive

E) with its geography and climate resembled South America and Africa

2.The passage makes it clear that the dinosaur footprints discovered in Australia in recent years ----.

A) are the same as those also found in South America, Africa, India and Antarctica

B) have little attracted many a scientist interested in the distant past of the continent

C) could only have been made by dinosaurs weighing a lot more than two tons

D) are in surprisingly good condition although millions of years have passed since they were made [DDALI, superlative]E) have made scientists revise the most recent theories concerning dinosaurs

3.One reason why the discovery in Australia of the dinosaur footprints is so important is that, ----.

A) previously, no one knew for certain whether this country had ever been inhabited by dinosaurs [DDALI, first]B) contrary to the popular view, this continent had always been a vast wilderness

C) until this discovery, nothing was known about the early climate of this continent

D) presumably, they will provide clues for future geological changes in this continent

E) up to this point, no one knew for sure that dinosaurs could weigh two tons

Yaklak 130 milyon yl nce, diken-srtl bir dinozor, Avustralya olacak olan vahi doann iinde yava yava yrm ve ardnda gelecek iin bir hediye olarak ayak izlerini brakmt. Bunlar bir dinozorun iki tonluk admlarnn dnyadaki en iyi izleriydi. Yedi yl nce KuzeyAvustralya'dauzak bir vadide bulunduklarnda, bilim adamlarna dinozorlarn Avustralya'da yaam olduunun ilk ak kantn saladlar. Bu keif ayn zamanda Avustralya'nn imdi Gney Amerika, Afrika, Hindistan veAntarktikaolan eyi de / Antarktika'y da ihtiva eden geni bir sper ktaya zamannda bitiik olduuna ek kant salad.YDS 2000 (59-61)

Reading on paper is so much a part of our lives that it is hard to imagine anything could ever replace the printed books we are used to. Before printed books came in, books had to be copied by hand; this was obviously a slow process and very expensive. Once Gutenberg had invented an economical way to make movable letters in the 15th century, it became possible to produce reading material quickly, comparatively cheaply and in large quantities. Since then, the printed word has become a permanent part of our everyday lives. So, how could anyone believe that sales of electronic books will equal those of paper books within a decade or so? Still, some people think that they will.

4.The passage puts forward the idea that, even though the printed book continues to be popular, ----.

A) it will soon be completely replaced by the electronic book

B) the electronic book may well be on its way in [ZITLIK]C) it is no longer as popular as it used to be

D) fewer books are being sold than formerly

E) compared with the electronic book, it is very expensive

5.In this passage, the author suggests that, in spite of technological advances, some people ----.

A) are dissatisfied at the rising prices of printed books

B) still regard Gutenberg as the leading figure in book technology

C) will be reluctant to give up the printed book and turn to the electronic one [SO THAT]D) find it difficult to buy the kind of book they are looking for

E) realise that books published in our time are not as well-made as those in the past

6.It is clear from the passage that Gutenbergs invention of the printing press ----.

A) was the only major technological advance in the 15th century

B) did not have any noticeable effect upon the prices of books

C) did not put an end to the practice of copying books by hand

D) failed to spread the love of reading among ordinary people

E) increased the speed at which books could be produced [SEBEP-SONU]Kttan okumak yaamlarmzn o kadar byk bir paras olmutur ki, herhangi bir eyin alm olduumuz basl kitaplarn gn olup da yerini alabileceini hayal etmek (bile) gtr. Basl kitaplar ortaya kmadan nce, kitaplar elle oaltlmak zorundayd. Bu aka belli ki yava bir sreti ve pahalyd. Gutenberg 15. yzylda hareketli harfler yapmann ekonomik bir yolunu icat ettiinde, okuma materyallerini hzl, nispeten ucuz bir ekilde ve bol miktarlarda retmek mmkn oldu. O zamandan beridir, basl szckler gnlk yaamlarmzn daimi bir paras haline geldi. Dolaysyla, nasl olup da herhangi birisi elektronik kitaplarn satlarnn on on-be yl iinde kt kitaplarn satlarna denk olacana inanabilir ki? Ancak baz insanlar bunun byle olacana inanyorlar.

YDS 2001 (41-43)

New Guinea is home to some of the worlds strangest creatures. For instance, there is a special species of kangaroo that lives in trees. There are also lizards that are five metres long, and butterflies that are as big as dinner plates. New Guinea is an island hardly any larger than the state of Texas, but it has as many bird species as are to be found, for example, in the whole of North America. This is partly due to the fact that it has largely remained isolated from the rest of the world. But it is also due to the fact that it has an incredible variety of ecological features, ranging from tropical rain forests to glaciers.7.We learn from the passage that New Guinea ----.

A) has actually fewer bird species than it formerly had

B) is in many respects very similar to Texas [PASF SORGU]C) owes its characteristic physical features to glaciers

D) is an island with a remarkable range of climatic features [SIRALI-MADDEL; SEBEP]E) is gradually increasing its contacts with North America

8.According to the passage, kangaroos that live in trees ----.

A) are very commonly to be seen in rain forests everywhere

B) are only on the increase in New Guinea

C) are just one example of the odd creatures to be found in New Guinea [DDALI, superlative]D) are a threat to the bird population of New Guinea

E) are considerably smaller than the average kangaroo

9.The writer points out that one of the reasons why there are very many different kinds of birds in New Guinea is ----.

A) that the climatic conditions of the island are suitable for rain forests

B) the fact that many migrate there for the winter from North America

C) that the island is a protected environment, and new species are constantly being taken there

D) that this island has mostly been cut off from the rest of the world [SEBEP-SONU]E) the fact that there is very little else of interest regarding wildlifeYeni Gine dnyann en tuhaf yaratklarnn bir ksmna ev sahiplii yapmaktadr. rnein, aalarda yaayan zel bir kanguru tr vardr. Ayn zamanda be metre uzunluunda kertenkeleler ve servis taba byklnde kelebekler de mevcuttur. Yeni Gine Teksas Eyaletinden pek de byk olmayan bir adadr, ancak, rnein kuzey Amerikann tamamnda bulunabilecek kadar ok ku trne sahiptir. Bu ksmen adann byk oranda dnyann geri kalanndan izole olmas gerei yzndendir. Ama ayn zamanda tropik yamur ormanlarndan tutun da buzullara kadar deien inanlmaz eitlilikte ekolojik zelliklere sahip olmas gereinden de kaynaklanr.NOT: THE FACT THAT evirilerinde THE FACT ifadesini yok saymak, yerleik bir uygulamadr: Son iki cmle yle de evirilebilirdi:

Bu ksmen adann byk oranda dnyann geri kalanndan izole olmas yzndendir. Ama ayn zamanda tropik yamur ormanlarndan tutun da buzullara kadar deien inanlmaz eitlilikte ekolojik zelliklere sahip olmasndan da kaynaklanr.YDS 2002 (44-46)

The Lovell Telescope is the world's oldest and most sensitive radio telescope. It consists of a giant white dish supported at a great height on a large and complicated structure of steel. The telescope can pick up signals in the universe that are 10 billion light years away. And so it is truly extraordinary. The steel structure that carries it, however, has the usual and very ordinary disadvantage of being liable to rust. This of course means that it has to be painted regularly. Painting this, however, is not an ordinary or a simple task. The men who do the painting are given a special training which includes rescue work. As they do the painting, the men work from ropes as this is the method which has been found to be the safest way of working at a height.

10. It is pointed out in the passage that the Lovell Telescope .

A) only picks up signals effectively when the angle of the dish is in line with them

B) can pick up signals that are an immense distance away [DDALI, rakam]C) is no longer the world's most sensitive radio telescope [PASF SORGU, tersi var]D) does not need to be supported at a great height in order to function efficiently

E) is old and so less efficient than it used to be

11.It's clear from the passage that the steel structure supporting the Lovell Telescope .

A) should have been given a less complicated design

B) turned out to be more expensive than had been estimated

C) has to be replaced completely at regular intervals

D) presents a serious maintenance problem [SEBEP-SONU; ZORUNLULUK]E) has to be painted at least once a year12.It is clear from the passage that the work of painting the steel structure of this telescope ---.

A) requires special skills and is also comparatively dangerous

B) is quite straightforward once the method has been learned

C) requires the removal of the dish

D) is relatively easy but extremely boring

E) can be done by anyone who knows how to paintB, D ve E seenekleri A seeneinin tersini sylyorLovell Teleskobu dnyann en eski ve en hassas radyo teleskobudur. Geni ve karmak bir elik yap zerinde ok yksekte tutulan devasa bir beyaz anaktan oluur. Teleskop 10 milyar k yl uzaklktaki evrenden sinyalleri toplayabilir. Ve bu yzden gerekten olaanstdr. Ancak, onu tayan elik yapnn yaygn ve ok sradan paslanmaya meyilli olmak gibi bir dezavantaj vardr. Bu phesiz dzenli olarak boyanmak zorunda olmas demektir. Fakat bunu boyamak sradan ve basit bir i deildir. Boya yapan insanlara cankurtaranlk almasn da ieren zel bir eitim verilir. Boya yaparken adamlar halatlardan (sarkarak) alr, zira bu yksekte almann en gvenli yolu olarak bulunmu olan yntemdir.

YDS 2002 (50-52)

In one part of the Nairobi National Park there is a nursery for baby elephants whose mothers have been killed. There are at least two African keepers for each baby elephant, and a strong feeling of love soon develops between them. The keepers spend all day out in the park with the young elephants, helping them to learn which foods are best to eat and to become confident among the sounds and smells of nature just as their natural mothers would have done. Each evening they return to the nursery. And, after a feed of milk, the young elephants settle down beside their favourite keepers and presently fall asleep.

13. From the passage, it is quite obvious that the keepers described .

A) are responsible for all the nurseries throughout the Nairobi National Park

B) are somewhat indifferent to the needs of the baby elephants

C) are over-worked because they have to look after so many baby elephants

D) actually know little about elephants and their environment

E) have taken over the role of mother elephants for the baby elephants [BENZETME, GZL KOUL]14.We understand from the passage that, in this nursery, baby elephants .

A) are not only fed but also helped to adapt themselves to the natural environment

B) spend a good part of each day exploring the park by themselvesC) are looked after by keepers because the mother elephants have deserted them

D) take a very long time to get used to their keepers and trust them

E) are rarely treated as well as they ought to be

15.One can conclude from the details given in the passage that the job the keepers do .

A) is largely concerned with feeding and physical exercising

B) is an easy one, but extremely boring

C) requires a period of thorough training in veterinary skills

D) requires a deep understanding of the nature and needs of baby elephants

E) cannot compare at all with the way a mother elephant brings up her baby

ekimli yklemlerin altn izersek:

In one part of the Nairobi National Park there is a nursery for baby elephants whose mothers have been killed. There are at least two African keepers for each baby elephant, and a strong feeling of love soon develops between them. The keepers spend all day out in the park with the young elephants, helping them to learn which foods are best to eat and to become confident among the sounds and smells of nature just as their natural mothers would have done. Each evening they return to the nursery. And, after a feed of milk, the young elephants settle down beside their favourite keepers and presently fall asleep.PS: ,HELPING iin ltfen YAPI ve KULLANIM notuna baknz.Nairobi Milli parknn bir blmnde anneleri ldrlm olan filler iin bir bakmevi var. Her yavru fil iin en az iki Afrikal bakc mevcut ve aralarnda ksa zamanda gl bir sevgi hissi geliiyor. Bakclar btn gnlerini parkta yavru fillerle geirmekteler, (ve) onlarn, tpk (yaasalard) annenlerinin yapacak olduu gibi, hangi yiyecekleri yemenin en iyi olduunu renmelerine ve doadaki sesler ve kokular arasnda kendilerini gvende hissetmelerine yardmc oluyorlar. Filler her akam bakmevine dnyorlar. Ve, stle beslendikten sonra, yavru/gen filler en beendikleri bakclarnn yanna kvrlyor/kyor ve ksa zamanda uykuya dalyorlar.

YDS 2002 (59-61)

A group of biologists studying the habits of chimpanzees, around the Koba National Park, made a surprising discovery. There was plenty of water available for them in the pools left in river beds, but these animals always liked to dig their own pools by hand or with the help of sticks. As a result the water they drank had been filtered through the sand and so contained none of the disease-carrying substances normally to be found in water that is not moving. In fact, they were drinking clear water.

16.As it is pointed out in the passage, water .

A) is responsible for more diseases than most people think

B) must always be filtered through sand to make it drinkable

C) is hard to find at certain times of the year

D) that isn't moving is likely to contain harmful substances [RC]E) is of no importance to chimpanzees

17.It is clear from the passage that there was plenty of water readily available for the chimpanzees to drink .

A) in the small pools formed in river beds [RC]B) in all areas of the Koba National Park

C) but they preferred river water as it was always moving and so clean

D) but sometimes this water made them ill

E) though they had to be taught how to dig holes to get it

18.The research team of the passage was surprised to learn that the chimpanzees .

A) never allowed anyone near their water pools

B) could dig a hole in any part of the Koba National Park

C) were very careful not to waste water

D) had found a way of getting clean water [DUYGU]E) dug holes to get water if there was none left in the riversKoba Milli park civarndaki empanzelerin davranlarn inceleyen bir grup biyolog artc bir keif yapt. Nehir yataklarnda artakalan kk su birikintilerinde onlarn imesi iin msait/mevcut bol miktarda su vard, ama bu hayvanlar her zaman elleri veya ubuklar yardmyla kendi su birikintilerini kazmay tercih ediyorlard. Sonu olarak, itikleri su kum vastasyla szlmt ve bu yzden hareket etmeyen bir suda normalde bulunabilecek hastalk tayan maddelerin hi birini tamyordu. Gerekten de, empanzeler temiz su iiyorlard.

YDS 2003 (58-60)

Space camps are a response to the rapidly expanding discovery of space and to the fascination with the unknown which is such a deeply ingrained aspect of human nature. The birth of the space camp project, designed to educate young people about space, goes back to the year 1982. With the support of NASA, the camps aim to teach young people about the latest space technology and sciences in an entertaining atmosphere. They are Americas most popular educational centres. Dr Werner von Braun, the scientist celebrated as the father of the Saturn V rocket, which carried the first manned flight to the moon, was the first person to put forward the idea of space camps.

19.We understand from the passage that the main reason why space camps are set up is to ----.

A) help improve NASAs injured public image

B) promote the scientific activities undertaken by NASA

C) encourage young people to consider making a career for themselves in space sciences

D) spread among young people Dr Werner von Brauns theories concerning space

E) give youngsters an opportunity to enjoy learning about space and related scientific activities [AMA]20.As it is pointed out in the passage ----.

A) mans knowledge of space grew immensely with the landing on the moon

B) space camps were set up as soon as space exploration began

C) the exploration of space has revealed nearly all the secrets of the universe

D) man has always felt attracted to the unfamiliar and the unexplored, such as space [RC]E) the Saturn V rocket has been used for various purposes in the exploration of space

21.As is pointed out in the passage, the person who first suggested the establishment of space camps ----.

A) was also responsible for sending the first astronauts to the moon [DDALI: FIRST ; [RC]]B) had himself always been fascinated by space

C) was actually little known until the first moonlanding

D) had been working for NASA since the early 1980s

E) had always stressed that the education of young people should have a practical approachUzay kamplar hzla genileyen uzay kefine ve insan doasnn bylesine derinden kklemi bir zellii olan bilinmeyenin bysne kaplmaya bir karlk/bir yanttr. ocuklar uzay hakknda eitmek iin tasarlanm olan uzay kamp projesinin douu 1982 ylna uzanr. NASAnn destei ile, kamplar elenceli bir atmosferde son uzay teknolojisi ve bilimi hakknda gen insanlar eitmeyi hedeflemektedir. Bunlar Amerikann en revata eitim merkezleridir. Aya ilk insanl uuu gerekletiren Satrn V roketinin babas olarak mehur bilim adam olan Dr. Werner von Braun uzay kamplar fikrini ortaya atan ilk kii idi.

YDS 2003 (61-63)

Roses are the oldest source of perfume. Ancient documents mention rose oil, which is the strongest form of this scent, and in The Iliad Homer relates how Aphrodite rubbed Hectors dead body with rose oil. What was meant by rose oil in these texts was not what we mean by this term today, since we learn from Hippocrates that it was obtained by stirring rose petals into hot olive oil. The method of extracting essential oil of roses was not discovered until much later. The most delightful story told of the discovery of the essential oil relates to the Emperor Jihangir (1569-1627) who is said to have had distilled rose water poured into channels in the extensive garden of his palace so that the air was filled with this beautiful scent.

22.We learn from the passage that rose oil ----.

A) as we know it today is the same as that mentioned in early texts [PASF SORGU]B) was, according to Hippocrates, made by mixing rose petals into hot olive oil [NASIL]C) cannot be extracted with the use of olive oil

D) is now unimportant in the perfume industry

E) only became popular in the time of the Emperor Jihangir

23.Its clear from the passage that the Emperor Jihangir ----.

A) followed the method of Hippocrates in the making of rose oil

B) helped to develop the process of distilling rose water

C) extended his garden so that more roses could be grown

D) learned about rose oil from his readings of Homer

E) liked the luxury of filling his garden with rose scent [AMA cmlesi, RC]24.It is clear from the passage that the use of rose oil ----.

A) began with the Emperor Jihangir

B) was first introduced by Aphrodite

C) was originally reserved for the dead

D) goes back to mythological times and stories of gods and goddesses

E) was restricted to the wealthy and the powerfulGller parfmn en eski kaynadrlar. Antik belgeler bu kokunun en gl biimi olan gl yandan bahsederler, ve lyada adl eserde Homeros Afroditn Hektorun l vcudunu gl ya ile nasl ovaladn anlatr. Bu metinlerde gl ya ile kastedilen ey, bizim bugn bu terimle kastettiimiz ey deildir, nk Hipokrattan reniyoruz ki o gl ta yapraklarnn kzgn zeytinyana kartrlmas ile elde ediliyordu. Gllerden uucu ya/esans ya elde etme/karma metodu ok sonrasna kadar kefedilmeyecekti. Uucu yalarn kefine dair en ho hikaye, hava bu gzel kokuyla dolsun diye, saraynn geni bahelerindeki kanallara damtlm gl ya dktrd sylenen ah Cihangire (1569-1627) dairdir.

YDS 2004 (68-60)

The invention of the printing press during the Renaissance, together with improved methods of manufacturing paper, made possible the rapid spread of knowledge. In 1476, William Caxton set up England's first printing press at Westminster, a part of London. By 1640, that press and others had printed more than 26,000 different works and editions. With the printing press and the increased availability of books, literacy increased. It is estimated that by 1530 more than half the population of England was literate.

28.We understand from the passage that paper production methods .

A) had, prior to the introduction of the printing press, been relatively poor [ARA CMLE]B) had, for many years, been a serious concern for Caxton

C) improved rapidly around the year 1640

D) contributed to the reduction in the printing costs of books

E) in Renaissance England were far ahead of those in other countries

29.It is pointed out in the passage that, during the Renaissance, more and more people .

A) began to settle in London, particularly in the neighbourhood of Westminster

B) were setting up printing presses

C) began to collect the early editions of the books printed by Caxton

D) realized the need to improve methods of paper production

E) began to read and write as more books were printed and easy to obtain [SEBEP-SONU]30.It is clear from the passage that from the time of Caxton to the mid-17th century .

A) there was no progress whatsoever in the techniques of printing

B) most books were only popular for a few months

C) a remarkable variety of books became available in England [DDALI rakam, tarih, karlatrma]D) England's population nearly doubled

E) the number of literate people remained the same

Rnesans esnasnda matbaann icad, kat retiminin gelitirilmi yntemleri ile birlikte, bilginin hzl yaylmasn mmkn kld. 1476 ylnda, Londra'nn bir mahallesi olan Westminster'ta William Caxton ngiltere'nin ilk matbaasn kurdu. 1640 yl itibariyle, bu matbaa ve dierleri 26000den farkl eser ve edisyon basmlard. Matbaa ve artm kitaplara eriim sayesinde, okuryazarlk artt. Kaba hesaba gre 1530 itibariyle ngiltere nfusunun yarsndan fazlas okur yazard.

By 1640, that press and others had printed more than 26,000 different works and editions: 1640 ylna gelindiinde, bu matbaa ve dierleri 26000den farkl eser ve edisyon (zaten) basmlard.

YDS 2004 (55-57)

Producing food costs the earth dearly. First of all, to grow food, we clear land, which always incurs losses of native ecosystems and wildlife. Then we plant crops or graze animals on the land. The soil loses nutrients as each crop is taken from it, so fertilizer is applied. Some fertilizer runs off, polluting the waterways. Some plowed soil runs off, which clouds the waterways and interferes with the growth of aquatic plants and animals. To protect crops against weeds and pests, we apply herbicides and pesticides. These chemicals also pollute the water and, wherever the wind carries them, the air. Most herbicides and pesticides kill not only weeds and pests, but also native insects, and animals that eat those plants and insects.

31.The main point made in the passage is that ----.

A) we damage land in various ways in our efforts to grow crops for food [MADDELI, SIRALI ANLATI]B) it is possible to grow plenty of food without using any fertilizers

C) the pollution caused by herbicides and pesticides can easily be overcome

D) aquatic plants and animals are the ones that suffer most from the use of chemicals

E) ecosystems worldwide are being seriously threatened with extinction

32.The author points out in the passage that the chemicals we use to grow food ----.

A) do not as a general rule pollute either the water or the air

B) ultimately cause serious soil loss

C) are the same type of chemicals as herbicides and pesticides

D) also support the wildlife in the region

E) are both beneficial and harmful [ALSO]33.It is pointed out in the passage that fertilizers are used .

A) only when the crops are overgrown by weeds

B) since they help to restore ecosystems

C) because they have almost no ill effect upon the environment

D) to replace the nutrients that crops have taken out of the soil [AMA, SEBEP]E) to protect crops from pestsYiyecek yetitirmek topraa ok pahalya mal olmaktadr. lk olarak, yiyecek yetitirmek iin tarla aarz, ki bu da her zaman yerel ekosistem ve yaban hayatnda kayplara yol aar. Daha sonra bu arazide bitki yetitirir veya hayvan otlatrz. Her ekin kendinden alndnda, toprak besin maddelerini yitirir, dolaysyla gbre tatbik edilir. Baz gbreler taar/akp gider ve akarsular kirletir. Bir ksm srlm toprak da szlp gider, bu ise akarsular bulanklatrr ve su bitki ve hayvanlarnn bymesini engeller. Ayrk otu ve zararllara kar ekinleri korumak iin ot ilac ve zararl ilac tatbik ederiz. Bu kimyasal maddeler de suyu ve, rzgar her nereye tarsa, oradaki havay kirletir. ou ot ilac ve zararl ilac sadece ayrk otunu ve zararllar ldrmekle kalmaz, ayn zamanda o bitki ve bcekleri yiyen yerel bcekleri ve hayvanlar da ldrr.

YDS 2004 (61-63)

Narrowly defined, fitness refers to the characteristics that enable the body to perform physical activity. These characteristics include flexibility of the joints, strength and endurance of the muscles, including the heart muscle, and a healthy body composition. A broader definition of fitness is the ability to meet routine physical demands with enough reserve energy to rise to a sudden challenge. This definition shows how fitness relates to everyday life. Ordinary tasks such as carrying heavy suitcases, opening a stuck window, or climbing four flights of stairs, which might strain an unfit person, are easy for a fit person. Still another definition is the body's ability to withstand stress, meaning both physical and psychological stresses. These definitions do not contradict each other; all three describe the same wonderful condition of the body.

34. According to the passage, for people who are not fit, .

A) psychological depression is more or less inevitable

B) the carrying out of various apparently ordinary tasks can be rather difficult

C) the first thing to consider is a better diet

D) recommendations on how to achieve fitness invariably have no appeal

E) exercise is tiring and should be avoided

35.In the passage the writer ----.A) points out that everyday life presents many challenges that even the very fit cannot cope with

B) attaches more importance to physical flexibility than to physical endurance

C) gives three definitions of fitness that do not conflict with each other

D) suggests that people routinely perform various tasks to maintain their fitness

E) claims that physical fitness can easily be maintained

36.The idea of fitness put forward in the passage ----.A) seems rather outdated and controversial

B) is complicated and contradictory

C) seems to ignore the ability to withstand stress

D) relates more to the sports enthusiasts than to ordinary people

E) includes not only physical fitness, but also the psychological one

Dar tanmyla, "fitness=zindelik" vcudun fiziksel aktiviteler yapmasna imkan veren zellikleri kastetmektedir. Bu zellikler eklemlerin esnekliini, kalp kas da dahil olmak zere kaslarn g ve dayankll, ve salkl bir vcut kompozisyonunu ierir. "Fitness"n daha geni bir tanm ise, ani bir skntyla baa kabilecek yeter miktarda depo edilmi enerji ile rutin fiziksel talepleri yerine getirebilme kabiliyetidir. Bu tanm fitnessn gnlk yaam ile nasl balantl olduunu gsteriyor. Formda olmayan bir insana zor gelebilecek ar bavullar tamak, skk bir pencereyi amak veya drt kat merdiven trmanmak gibi sradan iler zinde bir birey iin kolaydr. Bir dier tanm ise vcudun baskya, yani hem fiziksel hem de manevi basklara dayanabilme gcdr. Bu tanmlar birbirlerini yalanlamazlar; de vcudun ayn mkemmel durumunu tasvir eder.YDS 2005 (55-57)Edmund Hillary and the porter, Tenzing Norgay, got the glory for conquering Everest, but it was John Hunt who made their success possible. John Hunt was an excellent manager and paid great attention to detail. For instance, he specified that each box of rations contained 29 tins of sardines. His strategy, which was soon to become standard in mountaineering, called for an army of climbers, especially porters who would methodically move up the mountain, carrying supplies to ever higher camps. Hunt gave the human element systematic attention as well. Everest demands an unusual degree of selflessness and patience, he later wrote. Failure, whether moral or physical, by even one or two people would add immensely to its difficulties. The desire to reach the top, he added, must be both individual and collective. That last point was important: the goal of this huge effort was to deliver just two climbers to the summit.

37.It is clear from the passage that John Hunt ----.

A) regarded the conquest of Everest as a team success [ALINTI, BRNN KANAAT]B) was a good mountaineer, but not a good organizer

C) wanted to get to the top of Everest himselfD) was involved in several disputes with various team members

E) was largely concerned with the training of the porters

38.As we understand from the passage, the success of Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay ----.

A) aroused a great deal of envy among the other team members

B) gave rise to a lot of talk about how selfish they both were and how undeserving of the fame they achieved

C) added to the fame that Hunt already enjoyed

D) depended, to a very large extent, on the preparations planned and carried out by John Hunt [but GR, CLEFT SENTENCE]E) turned mountaineering into a fashionable sport worldwide

39.As it is pointed out in the passage, in the opinion of John Hunt, ----.

A) the use of porters would contribute very little to the success of the expedition

B) the food for the climbers was only of minor importance

C) climbing Everest requires not only physical strength but also certain moral qualities [ALINTI]D) Hillary and Tenzing did not deserve the fame they had

E) in mountaineering, the height of a mountain is of little importanceEdmund Hillary ve tayc Tenzing Norgay Everest'e ilk kma erefine nail olmulard, ama onlarn baarsn mmkn klan John Hunt idi. John Hunt mkemmel bir ynetici idi ve ayrntya byk nem verirdi. rnein, her bir iae/istihkak kutusunun 29 konserve sardalye iermesi gerektiini (bile) belirlemiti. Ksa zaman iinde daclkta bir standart (haline gelecek) olan stratejisi bir trmanclar ordusunu, zellikle malzemeleri her defasnda biraz daha yukardaki kamplara tayarak sistematik bir ekilde daa trmanan hamallar gerektiriyordu. Hunt insan unsuruna da sistematik nem vermekteydi. "Everest allmadk derecede fedakarlk ve sabr ister" diye yazmt daha sonralar. "Bir iki kiinin bile yapt, gerek moral gerekse fiziksel baarszlk, onun zorluklarna zorluk katacaktr." "Zirveye ulama arzusu" diye eklemiti "hem bireysel hem de kolektif olmaldr." u son nokta nemliydi: bu devasa abann hedefi sadece iki dacy zirveye teslim etmekti.

YDS 2005 (70-72)The wind that day was light and fresh and came from the west, and with it at noon a little boat came quickly, over the bright waves, into Sattins Harbour. While it was still quite a distance away, a sharp-eyed boy spotted it and, since he knew, just as every child on the island knew, every sail of the forty boats of the island fishing fleet, he ran down the street calling out, A foreign boat, a foreign boat! The lonely island was rarely visited by a foreign boat, so, by the time the boat had arrived half the village was there to greet it. Fishermen were following it homewards, and those who happened to be inland, were climbing up and down the rocky hills, and hurrying towards the harbour.

40.Clearly, the island described in the passage ----.

A) is extremely fertile and can support a large population

B) is an isolated one, inhabited largely by fishermen and their families [ZELLKLE HAPPEN TO ifadesi adann genel olarak balklardan olutuunu gsteriyor]C) is frequently visited by foreign boats

D) has a community that is hostile to foreigners

E) is better suited to farming than to fishing

41.As we understand from the passage, the boy ----.

A) was the only child on the island who could recognize every boat in the fishing fleet

B) wanted to be the first to see the boat at close quarters

C) was particularly interested in foreign boats

D) knew that the boat that was coming in was foreign, because he didnt recognize the sail [SEBEP-SONU]E) didnt see the foreign boat until after it had entered the harbour

42.It is clear from the passage that the arrival of the foreign boat ----.

A) upset the islanders as they didnt expect it so early

B) caused a great deal of uneasiness, especially among the fishermen

C) aroused a great deal of excitement among the islanders [DDALI half the village]D) surprised people since these were dangerous waters for sailors

E) aroused the curiosity of the children but was ignored by everyone elseO gn rzgar hafif ve serindi ve batdan esiyordu, ve le vaktinde beraberinde parlak dalgalar zerinde ufak bir tekne Sattins Limanna girdi. Hala epey uzaktayken, keskin gzl bir delikanl onu fark etti ve, tpk adadaki her ocuun bildii gibi, ada balk filosunun krk teknesinin her bir yelkenini tandndan, "yabanc bir tekne, yabanc bir tekne!" diye bararak cadde aa kotu. Isszln ortasndaki ada nadiren yabanc bir tekne tarafnda ziyaret edilirdi, bu yzden, tekne gelip vardnda, kyn yars onu karlamak iin oraya/limana inmiti. Balklar tekneyi adalarna/eve doru takip ediyorlar, ve hasbelkader karada bulunanlar kayalk tepeleri inip karak limana doru koturuyorlard.

YDS 2006 (58 60)Elephants have to keep in touch across large distances. Even when they are out of hearing range of one another, in forests or the great plains of East Africa, they are often spotted moving in the same direction. Sometimes they seem to stand still in their tracks and move their feet up and down, which leads some scientists to believe they have sensitive cells in their feet. Such cells would enable them to pick up low frequency vibrations from the ground, waves that travel distances of up to 16 km.

43.We understand from the passage that, when elephants are a good distance apart, they ----.

A) become nervous and stamp their feet

B) feel very insecure

C) can still communicate with each other [WHEN]D) try many different ways of making contact with each other

E) feel exposed to attack

44.As it is clear from the passage, some scientists are of the opinion that ----.

A) the sensitive cells in the feet of elephants serve a wide variety of functions

B) the power of elephants to communicate is very weak

C) some elephants have adapted themselves well to the specific environmental conditions of East Africa

D) it is not natural for elephants to move in the same direction

E) elephants have cells in their feet that are sensitive to vibrations [BRNN KANAAT SOME; RC ARA CMLE]45.According to the passage, one scientific assumption about elephants is that ----.

A) the forest lands and plains of East Africa is their ideal environment

B) they can sense all levels of vibration equally well

C) the up-and-down movement of their feet is a means of communication

D) their sense of hearing enables them to pick up sounds up to 16 km away

E) their whole body is covered with extremely sensitive cells

Filler geni mesafeler boyunca iletiimi srdrmek zorundalar. Dou Afrika'nn ormanlarnda veya geni dzlklerinde birbirlerini iitemeyecekleri bir mesafede olduklarnda bile, sk sk ayn dorultuda ilerledikleri farkedilir. Bazen patikalar zerinde durup, ayaklarn bir aa bir yukar hareket ettirdikleri grlr, bu da baz bilim adamlarnn fillerin ayaklarnda hassas hcreler olduuna inanmalarna yol amaktadr. Bylesi hcreler onlarn, yerdeki dk frekanstaki titreimleri, yani 16 km'ya kadar gidebilen ses dalgalarn toplamalarna imkan veriyordur.NOT: simden sonra gelen virgll isim gruplar aslnda indirgenmi "Relative Clause" lardr. Balarna WHICH/WHO IS vb bir ey ekleyin.Such cells would enable them to pick up low frequency vibrations from the ground, (which are) waves that travel distances of up to 16 km.

Sometimes they seem to stand still in their tracks and move their feet up and down, WHICH leads some scientists to believe they have sensitive cells in their feet. BU veya BU DURUM anlamndaki tm cmleyi kasteden WHICH:

Sometimes they seem to stand still in their tracks and move their feet up and down. THIS leads some scientists to believe they have sensitive cells in their feet. Sometimes they seem to stand still in their tracks and move their feet up and down, and THIS leads some scientists to believe they have sensitive cells in their feet. THAT sometimes they seem to stand still in their tracks and move their feet up and down leads some scientists to believe they have sensitive cells in their feet. YDS 2006 (67 69)Explaining science seems to come naturally to Charlotte, who is a young BBC presenter. She is rapidly becoming quite a star because her passion for wildlife shows vividly on TV. And shes every bit as enthusiastic in person. I caught up with her in Bristol, where she works for the BBCs Wildlife Unit. She talked about her latest project over tea and biscuits, speaking softly when reflecting on her answers and at times appearing astonished at the animals amazing behaviour which she confronted on her travels. She clearly enjoyed her latest project, Talking With Animals, which investigates the extremely different ways in which animals communicate with each other.

46.It is clear from the passage that Charlotte, ----.

A) who is dedicated to her work, is extremely pleased with her new project

B) whose work with the BBC has only just started, is anxious to please her viewers

C) an established TV presenter, has only recently taken an interest in wildlife

D) a newly-recruited BBC presenter, has been reluctant to accept wildlife programmes

E) whose programmes have generally been a success, has nevertheless received some harsh criticism

47.We understand from the passage that Charlottes current project ----.

A) involved a great deal of travel in harsh environments

B) has been turned down by the BBC

C) is concerned with how animals manage to communicate with each other [RC ara cmle]D) does not interest her as much as some of her earlier ones did

E) concerns the variety of wildlife in the Bristol area

48.According to the passage, Charlottes rising fame as a TV presenter ----.

A) is not well-deserved though all of her projects have been very demanding

B) has surprised everyone at the BBC

C) is largely due to the success of her project, Talking With Animals

D) has aroused considerable jealousy among her colleagues

E) is due to her genuine love of wildlife as reflected through her programmes [SEBEP-SONU]Bilimi aklamak gen bir BBC sunucusu olan Charlotte'a doal geliyor gzkyor. Charlotte, vahi yaama olan tutkusu televizyonda aka gzktnden, hzla tam bir star haline geliyor. Ve kiilike de ayn ekilde tutkulu birisi. Nihayet onu BBC Vahi Yaam birimi iin alt Bristol'de yakaladm. ay ve biskvi molasnda son projesinden bahsetti, cevaplarn dillendirirken yumuak konuuyor ve zaman zamansa seyahatlerinde karlat hayvanlarn harikulade davranlarna arm gzkyordu. Aka belli ki, hayvanlarn birbirleriyle iletiim kurduu son derece farkl yntemleri aratran Hayvanlarla Konumak adl son projesinden keyif almaktayd/memnundu.

SEEM/APPEAR TO DO ST: -gibi gzkmek, gzkmekExplaining science seems to come naturally to Charlotte iin alternative eviriler:Gzkt kadaryla, bilimi aklamak Charlotte'a doal geliyor.

Belli ki, bilimi aklamak Charlotte'a doal geliyor.YDS 2006 (73-75)Britain emerged from her industrial revolution as the foremost industrial power in the world. Thanks to her coal mines, her steel industry and the vision and skill of her inventors, she developed the first and best machine industry in the world. Steel, the most essential raw material for all machine-engineering, was the very foundation of her industrial power and was recognized and regarded as such.49.It is clear from the passage that steel ----.

A) was rarely used in industry except in Britain

B) had always been of secondary importance, compared with coal

C) was the most vital material for Britains industry [iddial, superlative]D) was not valued, even in Britain, as an industrial material

E) was just one of several raw materials to gain importance during the industrial revolution

50.According to the passage, Britains industrial revolution ----.

A) has never been regarded as in any way remarkable

B) was a slow process in comparison with what happened elsewhere

C) was absolutely confined to machine-engineering

D) transformed her into the most powerful industrialized country [iddial superlative]E) was accompanied by a great deal of hardship

51.We understand from the passage that Britain became the leader in machine-engineering ----.

A) in spite of stiff competition from other industrialized countries

B) because of her natural resources and talented inventors [SEBEP-SONU: thanks to]C) simply because of her vast reserves of coal

D) even though she did not have a well-established steel industry

E) even though her natural resources were limited

Britanya kendi sanayi devriminden en nde gelen sanayi gc olarak (ortaya) kt. Kmr madeni, elik sanayisi ve mucitlerinin hayal gc ve yetenekleri sayesinde, dnyadaki ilk ve en iyi makine sanayisini gerekletirdi. Tm makine mhendislii iin en hayati hammadde olan elik, onun sanayi gcnn en temeli idi ve byle de kabul ve sayg grd.

Steel, (which is) the most essential raw material for all machine-engineering,

YDS 2007 (55-57)The benefits of nuclear power are fairly clear. First, unlike wind and solar power, it does not depend on the weather. Second, since it produces a large amount of electricity in a short time, it can meet all the energy needs of cities and factories, for which wind and solar power may not be sufficient. In addition, nuclear reactors release no carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, and they can be built in inaccessible locations. Lastly, unlike the technology of hydrogen-powered fuel cells, the technology of nuclear power is already widely used.52.It can be understood from the passage that nuclear power ----.

A) can only be produced under good weather conditionsB) has more disadvantages than advantagesC) produces electricity very slowlyD) has several obvious advantages [MADDEL-OKLU ANLATI]E) produces gases harmful to the atmosphere53.The passage points out that one benefit of nuclear reactors is that they ----.

A) can produce more electricity than will ever be neededB) can be constructed in areas that are difficult to reach

C) must be located in citiesD) use new technologyE) pose no danger to their immediate surroundings54.According to the passage, nuclear power is preferable to hydrogen power because ----.

A) nuclear power works well together with solar and wind powerB) nuclear reactors are smaller than the plants which produce hydrogenC) hydrogen power cannot be used for powering cities D) it has already been tried and tested [benzetme, benzetmeme unlike]E) hydrogen power is much more dangerous than nuclear powerNkleer enerjinin faydalar olduka aktr. lk olarak, rzgr ve gne enerjisinden farkl olarak, havaya bal deildir. kinci olarak, ksa bir zamanda bol miktarda elektrik rettiinden, rzgr ve gne enerjisinin yeterli olamayabilecei tm ehir ve fabrika enerji ihtiyalarn karlayabilir. Ayrca, nkleer reaktrler atmosfere hi karbondioksit salmazlar ve eriilmez yerlere ina edilebilirler. Son olarak, hidrojenle alan yakt hcreleri teknolojisinin aksine, nkleer enerji teknolojisi zaten geni apl kullanlmaktadr.

It can meet all the energy needs of cities and factories, for which wind and solar power may not be sufficient.

Paralayp iki cmle yapabiliriz:

It can meet all the energy needs of cities and factories. Wind and solar power may not be sufficient for these energy needs.YDS 2007 (58-60)Scientists have discovered that sunspots, that is, explosions on the suns surface, may cause certain species of whales to become trapped in the shallow waters of the North Sea. The radiation from sunspots may interfere with the Earths magnetic field, which the whales might be using to help them find their way in the oceans. Scientists think that this interference may confuse the whales so that, during their yearly migration from the Azores, they mistakenly go into the North Sea instead of the deeper waters of the Norwegian Sea, their traditional territory.55.According to the passage, it is thought that, ----.

A) for their journeys in the oceans, some whales may depend, for direction, on the Earths magnetic field

B) whenever solar explosions take place, there occur serious environmental problems on EarthC) despite the vastness of the oceans, whales may have developed a very strong sense of directionD) contrary to the common view, there can be no relationship whatsoever between sunspots and the Earths magnetic fieldE) the North Sea provides better shelter and more food for all kinds of whales than the Norwegian Sea does56.One understands from the passage that scientists ----.

A) have carried out much research to understand the impact of solar explosions upon life on EarthB) have always wondered about the routes whales take in the oceans for their yearly migrationC) finally seem to understand the reasons why some kinds of whales fail to get to the Norwegian Sea

D) have overlooked the question of sunspots and their effects on the Earths magnetic fieldE) now know for certain that the radiation from sunspots has an adverse effect on marine life in the oceans57.It is clear from the passage that, traditionally, ---.

A) the shallow waters of the North Sea have been a deadly trap for whales

B) whales have always migrated from the Azores not only to the Norwegian Sea but also to the North Sea

C) scientists have been indifferent to solar explosions and their effects on the Earths magnetic field

D) the waters around the Azores have been the main feeding ground for all species of whales

E) the Norwegian Sea has been the ultimate destination for whales during their annual migrations

FAH EVR: Bilim adamlar unu kefettiler ki gne zerindeki lekeler, yani, gne patlamalar, baz balina trlerinin Kuzey Deniz'inin s sularnda skp kalmalarna yol ayor olabilir. KTAB EVR: Bilim adamlar gne zerindeki lekelerin, yani, gne patlamalarnn, baz balina trlerinin Kuzey Deniz'inin s sularnda skp kalmalarna yol ayor olabileceini kefettiler.

Gne patlamalarndan yaylan radyasyon, balinalarn okyanuslarda yolarn bulmak iin kullanyor olduu dnyann manyetik alann bozuyor olabilir. Bilim adamlar yle dnyor: Bu bozulma/bu parazitler balinalarn kafasn muhtemelen o kadar kartryor ki, Azor'dan yaptklar yllk gleri esnasnda balinalar geleneksel blgeleri olan Norve Denizinin daha derin sular yerine, yanllkla Kuzey Denizine gidiyorlar. NOT: "Scientists have discovered that clause" yaplarnda ou zaman THAT ifadesini UNU anlamnda bir zamir ve metnin geri kalann yeni bir cmle gibi dnmek eviriyi kolaylatrmaktadr.

"Scientists think that" gibi daha klie ifadelerde de ayn yntem denenebilecei gibi, bu ifadeler iin "bilim adamlarna gre" gibi ok daha kolay alternatifler olduu da unutulmamal.YDS 2007 (61-63)Weather science is called meteorology. Historically, in the past, no such science existed. Besides, most people then felt that there was no need for it. They believed it had all been explained by Aristotle, the ancient Greek philosopher. For them, the teachings and writings of Aristotle had explained everything concerning the weather and there was no need for further explanation. However, some 100 years ago, people who wanted to learn more regarding the weather could not learn it in a university. But today, many people study the weather in universities throughout the world. The main laws have been established although there is still a lot we have to learn about meteorology.58.According to the passage, meteorology ----.

A) has been fully developed as a scienceB) is a relatively recent science which needs to be further developed, although some progress has been made with regard to its essentials [beklenmedik ztlk]C) has been seriously studied in universities since Aristotles timeD) was of no interest to people before it began to be studied in universitiesE) took its main laws from Aristotle, whose understanding of the subject was largely theoretical59.It is pointed out in the passage that what Aristotle had said about the weather ----.

A) was fully studied in the universities in the past, and contributed enormously to the development of meteorology as a scienceB) obviously paved the way for the worldwide popularity of meteorology as a field of studyC) was regarded by universities in the past as the basis of meteorologyD) was ignored by a great majority of people in the past, who in fact relied on their own observations of the weatherE) was considered to be sufficient and final by most people historically

60.One understands from the passage that peoples concern with meteorology ----.

A) was part of a research interest which was fast becoming popular throughout the worldB) was so extensive that almost every university in the world attached great importance to its studyC) relied solely on what the universities taught on the subjectD) was mostly personal, not based on a scientific study in a university

E) was related to the fact that so many of them were farmersHava ilmine meteoroloji denir. Tarihi olarak gemite byle bir bilim dal mevcut deildi. stelik, ou insan o zaman buna ihtiya olmadn da dnyordu. Onlar havann tamamen antik yunan filozofu Aristo tarafndan aklanm olduuna inanyorlard. Onlara gre, Aristo'nun reti ve eserleri havaya dair her eyi aklamt ve daha fazla aklamaya gerek yoktu. Ancak yaklak 100 yl nce, havaya dair daha fazla bir eyler renmek isteyen insanlar bunu niversite de renemezlerdi. Fakat bugn, pek ok insan dnyann her yerindeki niversitelerde meteoroloji okumaktalar. Her ne kadar meteoroloji hakknda renmemiz gereken daha ok ey varsa da, ana ilkeler ortaya konulmutur / ispatlanmtr.YDS 2007 (64-66)During the Ottoman period, a small but increasing number of European travellers began to explore and study the sites of ancient cities in Western Turkey. In this regard, the first systematic exploration was made in 1811 by Captain Beaufort of the British Royal Navy, who mapped the Mediterranean coast of Turkey and identified some of the ancient sites there. This was followed by a number of other archaeological expeditions, including Charles Fellowss explorations, from 1838 to 1844, of the southwestern part of the country, called Lycia in antiquity. But the most exciting find was Heinrich Schliemanns rediscovery of Troy in excavations that began in 1870. Since then, most of the ancient cities of Western Turkey have probably been unearthed and studied, at least to some extent. The more famous of them, such as Pergamum, Ephesus, Sardis and Aphrodisias, are now the subjects of large-scale excavations and restorations that have recreated a fragmentary image of their former splendour.61.It is implied in the passage that the European explorations and studies of Western Turkeys ancient sites made prior to the early nineteenth century ----.

A) had not been carried out according to a plan

B) provided archaeologists with a great deal of information indispensable for their excavationsC) mainly focused on the historically most important ones such as Pergamum, Ephesus, Sardis and AphrodisiasD) were in fact essentially concerned with the search for the actual site of TroyE) had a secret military purpose and, therefore, lacked any historical interest62.One understands from the passage that, although many explorations of ancient ruins were made in Western Turkey in the nineteenth century, ----.

A) exploration and excavation there has not continued into the twentieth and twenty-first centuriesB) Ephesus and Sardis, especially, have provided an extensive amount of data about life and society in antiquityC) it was Heinrich Schliemanns excavations of Troy that created the most interest [BUT cmlecii; DDALI the most; Cleft Sentence]D) Lycia, as a region, has always attracted a great deal of attention from many travellers and archaeologistsE) only Pergamum and Aphrodisias give us a full picture of their magnificence in the past63. It is pointed out in the passage that, despite extensive excavations and restorations, ----.

A) an extensive number of the ancient sites, including Troy, in Western Turkey, have not yet been unearthedB) a very large part of Troy still needs to be further explored and unearthedC) many of Lycias ancient cities are still buried under the ground and await digging outD) the ancient glory of such popularly known cities as Pergamum, Ephesus, Sardis and Aphrodisias has only been partially revealed

E) the cities such as Pergamum, Ephesus, Sardis and Aphrodisias are far from arousing a lasting interest in the publicOsmanl dnemi boyunca, kk ama gittike artan sayda Avrupal gezgin Bat Trkiye'deki antik ehir mekanlarn aratrmaya ve incelemeye balamlard. Bu balamda ilk sistematik aratrma, Trkiye'nin Akdeniz kylarnn haritasn karan ve oradaki baz antik mekanlarn neresi olduunu tespit eden Britanya Kraliyet Donanmasndan kaptan Beaufort tarafndan, 1811 ylnda yapld. Bunu bir sr dier arkeolojik sefer/aratrma takip etti, ki bunlar ierisinde antik alarda Likya diye isimlendirilen lkenin gneybat ksmlarnn 1838'den 1844'e kadar Charles Fellow'ca yaplan keif-incelemeleri de vard. Ama en heyecan verici bulu 1870'lerde balayan kazlarda Heinrich Schliemann'n Truva'y yeniden kefiydi. O zamandan beridir, bat Trkiye'nin antik beldelerinin ou muhtemelen gn yznde karld ve incelendi, en azndan ksmen. Bunlarn daha mehurlar, sz gelimi Pergamon, Efes, Sardes, Afrodisias, imdi geni apl kazlara ve onlarn eski ihtiamlarnn ksm bir grntsn yeniden yaratan restorasyonlara konudurlar.

YDS 2003 (67-69)

On the third day of the new year newspapers began to report that strange things were starting to happen in the heavens, and everyone grew excited. A Planetary Collision, one London paper headed the news, and proclaimed that a strange new planet would probably collide with Neptune. The leader writers of various other newspapers enlarged upon the topic. As a result, in most of the capitals of the world, on January 3rd, there was an expectation, however vague, of some approaching phenomenon in the sky; and as the night followed the sunset round the globe, thousands of people turned their eyes skyward to see, contrary to what they had expected, nothing more exciting than the old familiar stars just as they had always been.25.As it is clear from the passage, all that anyone saw on the night of January 3rd was ----.

A) the familiar stars shining with extraordinary brightness

B) the collision of Neptune with a new planet

C) the usual night sky [BENZETME, KARILATIRMA]D) an unknown planet passing close to Neptune

E) what they interpreted as the birth of a new planet

26.We understand from the passage that there was a great deal of excitement everywhere ----.

A) because an unknown planet had been detected from various parts of the world

B) as soon as the new planet approached Neptune

C) even before the planetary collision took place

D) when newspapers announced that a collision of two planets was to be expected [ZAMANA BALI EYLEM; METINDE DUYGU]E) as many phenomena had been observed in the skies on January 3rd

27.One can conclude from the passage that the whole affair of planets colliding ----.

A) aroused little interest among the people in the world

B) was based on scientific facts and observations

C) was all imaginary, and made up by the newspapers

D) was apparently only of interest to the newspapers

E) was the reason why so many people panickedYeni yln nc gnnde, gazeteler gkyznde tuhaf eylerin olmaya baladn rapor etmeye balad ve herkes heyecanland. "Bir gezegen arpmas" diyerek bir Londra Gazetesi haberlere nclk etmi ve yabanc yeni bir gezegenin muhtemelen Neptn ile arpacan ilan etmiti. eitli dier gazetelerin nc yazarlar konuyu geniletti. Sonu olarak, 3 Ocak'ta dnya bakentlerinin ounda, her ne kadar mulak da olsa, gkyznde yaklaan bir vakaya dair bir beklenti olutu; ve dnyann her yerinde gece gn batmn takip ettike, binlerce insan gzlerini gkyzne evirdi ve, beklentilerinin aksine, her zaman grdkleri biimde eski bilindik yldzlardan daha heyecan veren hi bir ey grmedi.There was an expectation, however vague, of some approaching phenomenon in the sky.= However vague it was, there was an expectation of some approaching phenomenon in the sky.

Ara cmlelerin yerini deitirmek, anlamay kolaylatrabilir:

Thousands of people turned their eyes skyward to see, contrary to what they had expected, nothing more exciting than the old familiar stars just as they had always been.

=

Thousands of people turned their eyes skyward, but contrary to what they had expected they saw nothing more exciting than the old familiar stars just as they had always been.

KPSS 2002 (49-51)

Many cities in developing countries suffer from overcrowding and pollution far more than those in the industrialized, developed parts of the world. Metropolitan authorities in developing countries must cope with environmental problems commonly associated with large human settlements solid waste disposal, sewage treatment, and industrial pollution, as well as the socio-cultural impact of overcrowding and congestion. If facilities for a safe water supply, sewage treatment and disposal, and collection and disposal of solid waste exist at all in such cities, the systems are often inadequate. In part, this is because developing countries lack the necessary financial resources to provide essential urban services. In addition, many cities grew up so quickly that there was little forethought or time to develop a rational urban plan to accommodate the vast influx of rural poor draw to the city.

1.It is pointed out in the passage that, wherever there are large human settlement, ----.

A) there are people who complain about the inefficiency of the urban services

B) there will be overcrowding and pollution of roughly the same intensity

C) they will appear attractive to people in sparsely-populated rural areas

D) the essential urban services are always insufficient even in developed countries

E) there will be problems to solve, ranging from the physical and practical to the socio-cultural [MADDEL anlat]2.We understand from the passage that, in developing countries, ----.

A) facilities such as a safe water supply and sewage disposal are frequently unsatisfactory [IF CLAUSE]B) conditions rural areas are worse than those in urban areasC) the only serious problems encountered in the cities are finance basedD) the attitude to overcrowding is different from that in the developed countriesE) the problems of urban conditions are being effectively dealt with3.It is clear from the passage that one reason why conditions in the cities of developing countries are so bad is ----.

A) the difficulty of convincing people of the need for urban planning

B) that the people there have on idea about the advantages of urban planning

C) because people have grown so used to them they see no need to change them

D) due to the fact that the metropolitan authorities are at a loss to know how to change them

E) that, before there had even been time to think about urban development, these cities were already there [SEBEP-SONU]Gelimekte olan lkelerdeki pek ok ehir, dnyann sanayilemi ve gelimi ksmlarndaki ehirlere gre kalabalk ve kirlilikten ok daha fazla muzdariptir. Bykehir yetkilileri ar kalabalklama ve tkankln sosyo-kltrel etkilerinin yan sra, kat atk imhas, kanalizasyon artm ve sanayi kirlilii, (gibi) genellikle kalabalk insan yerleimlerine elik eden evre problemleriyle baa kmak zorundadrlar. Temiz su salanmas, kanalizasyon artm ve imhas ve kat atklarn toplanma ve imhas iin tesisler bir ekilde varsa bile, sistemler ekseriyetle yeterli olmamaktadr. Bu ksmen gelimekte olan lkelerin temel kent hizmetlerini salayacak gerekli mal kaynaklardan yoksun olmalarndan trdr. Ayrca, pek ok ehir o kadar hzla bymt ki, ehre ynelmi muazzam krsal fakir istilasn barndracak mantkl bir kent plan gelitirmek iin (yetmeyecek kadar) az ngr veya zaman vard.

KPSS 2002 (52-54)

Though forests are being consumed at great speed in developing countries for agricultural purposes, there is another side to the picture. Agricultural projects can include components that explicitly conserve natural forest or reforest lands where the trees have been cut down, and thus enhance agricultural production in a very cost-effective manner. A case in point is a World Bankassisted irrigation project in Indonesia. To prevent deforestation of the watershed above the Dumoga Sulawesi irrigation works, the Dumoga National Park was established on 2,700 square kilometres. The cost was less than 1 per cent of the total project costs, and went mainly to establish and demarcate park boundaries, develop a management plan, hire personnel, and provide the necessary infrastructure and equipment. This relatively small investment protects sedimentation and maintenance costs, and water necessary for optimal nice production. The park also preserves much of the rich flora and fauna that are unique to the island of Sulawesi.4. The passage makes the point that agricultural projects need not always bring about the destruction of forest land, ----.

A) especially when funding is no problem

B) in particular when people have learned to value their flora and fauna

C) and gives the example of an irrigation project in Indonesia

D) even when rainfall is scarcely adequate

E) though maintenance costs are likely to be high5.The passage describes the making of the Dumoga National Park and emphasizes ----.A) its main function is to preserve the rich flora and fauna of the region

B) that the cost making it was very small indeed

C) now much time and planning and experience went into creation

D) the uniqueness of the scheme

E) how difficult it was too persuade the authorities to agree to this part of the project6.We understand from the passage that the Dumoga National Park serves a very useful function, ----.

A) even though the costs of its upkeep are proving higher than was expected

B) though most people still refuse to admit it

C) though reforesting this area was a long slow process and extremely expensive

D) as it is the only part of the island that is forested

E) as it protects the Dumoga Sulawesi irrigation works immediately below it by reducing sedimentation

Ormanlar, zirai amalar iin gelimekte olan lkelerde byk bir hzda tketilse de, bir de olayn dier yn var. Tarm projeleri, doal ormanlar aka koruyan veya aalarn kesilmi olduu arazileri yeniden aalandran unsurlar ihtiva edebilir, ve bylece zirai retimi uygun maliyetli bir ekilde gelitirebilir. Uygun bir rnek Endonezya'da Dnya Bankas destekli bir sulama projesidir. Dumoga Sulawesi sulama tesislerinin stndeki havzann ormanszlamasn engellemek iin, 2700 kilometrekarelik bir alan zerinde Dumoga Milli Park kuruldu. Maliyet toplam proje maliyetlerinin yzde birinden daha azd ve bu da ounlukla park snrlarn tesis ve iaretlenmesine, bir ynetim plan gelitirmeye, personel tutmaya ve gerekli altyap ve ekipman temn etmeye gitti. Bu nispeten kk yatrm kelti ve bakm maliyetlerinden korumakta ve optimal iyi retim iin gereken suyu muhafaza etmektedir. Park ayn zamanda Sulawesi adasna has olan zengin bitki rts (flora) ve hayvan topluluunun (fauna) da ounu korumaktadr. KPSS 2003 (49-52)Volcanic activity and erosion by wind and water have combined to create, over many thousands of years, a considerable number of extraordinary natural monuments in Turkey. Most famous of all their strange and startling creations are undoubtedly the rock pillars of Cappadocia and the great white travertines of Pamukkale. But Turkey has other enchanting natural formations which fascinate travellers as much as they do geologists. One such is to be seen on the Island of Orak off Foa on the Aegean coast. The rocks here are named after the Sirens mentioned in Homer's Odyssey, and were home to Mediterranean seals until recent years. At Karapnar in central Turkey, the eight-kilometre-long Lake Meke is another of nature's masterpieces. This is a volcanic lake which has formed in a main crater containing smaller volcano vents. Islands like red humps rising from the greenish water are the work of these now extinct secondary volcanoes. Then there is Yazlkaya, in the province of Eskiehir, which has carved inscriptions in the still undeciphered Phrygian language. It is famed for its great rocks bearing carved Phrygian reliefs and the monument of King Midas.7.The main aim of this passage is to ----.

A) describe some of the monuments of Turkey created by natural forces so as to make them attractive [ANA FKR]B) make people aware of the fact that Turkey's natural monuments need to be cared for betterC) establish the historical importance of Turkey's natural monumentsD) explain, in geological terms, how these natural monuments came into beingE) give a purely factual account of the natural monuments of Turkey and their relative importance8.We learn from the passage that the Phrygian inscriptions on the great rocks at Yazlkaya ----.

A) are a particularly rare example of Phrygian writingB) are all related to King MidasC) have been particularly badly eroded by wind and rainD) help us to understand what is happening in the Phrygian reliefs thereE) have so far not been decoded [RELATIVE CL]9.According to the passage, Lake Meke, in central Turkey, ----.

A) is of interest to geologists but the general appearance is very ordinaryB) is the only lake in Turkey to have formed in a volcanic craterC) is in a constant state of change due to continued volcanic activityD) together with its islands, was formed by successive volcanic action [SEBEP SONU the work of]E) has only very recently been attracting any attention10.The point is made in the passage that the various natural monuments of Turkey ----.

A) are all related to some mythological event or personalityB) are mostly to be found in coastal regionsC) are attractive to sightseers and geologists alike [KIYASLAMA]D) are all referred to in Homer's OdysseyE) are all unconnected with any historical event or figureVolkanik hareketler ile rzgar ve suyun oluturduu erozyon bir araya gelip binlerce yl boyunca Trkiye'de ciddi miktarda srad doal abide yaratmtr. Onlarn tuhaf ve artc eserlerinin en mehurlar phesiz Kapadokya'daki peri bacalar ve Pamukkale'nin byk beyaz travertenleridir. Ama Trkiye'nin Jeologlar olduu kadar yolcular/gezginleri da etkileyen dier byleyici doal oluumlar da var. Byle bir tanesi Ege kysnda Foa aklarndaki Orak adasnda grlebilir. Buradaki kayalara Homeros'un Odessa Destannda bahsedilen su perilerinin adlar verilmitir, ve (buras) yakn zamana kadar Akdeniz foklarna ev sahiplii yapmaktayd. Anadolu'daki Karapnar'da, sekiz kilometre uzunluundaki Meke Gl de doann bir baka aheseridir. Bu, daha kk volkan bacalarn ieren bir ana krater iinde olumutur. Yeilimsi sudan ykselen krmz deve hrglerini andran adalar, imdi snm olan bu ikincil yanardalarn eseridir. Bir de Eskiehir ilindeki Yazlkaya var, ki buras hala zlmemi olan Frigya dilinde yaztlara sahiptir. Yazlkaya Frigya lisannda kaznm rlyefleri tayan byk kayalar ve Kral Midas abidesi ile mehurdur.

KPSS 2003 (57-60)A large amount of natural resources is not sufficient to guarantee economic growth. A number of less-developed countries are fantastically rich in natural resources. However, they have not been overly successful in exploiting these resources. Natural resources must be converted to useful forms. For example, in the United States the Indians had many natural resources available to them, but they were unable to increase their standard of living or experience economic growth. People must devise the methods to convert natural resources into usable forms. Countries with similar natural resources vary in their ability to do this. In short, abundant natural resources are not sufficient in themselves. People are necessary to develop resources into useful things. Less-developed nations require this type of human resource before they are able to exploit the natural resources they possess.11.An important point made in the passage is that ----.

A) living standards always rise when there is economic growthB) an abundance of natural resources in a country is not on its own sufficient to make that country rich

C) the exploitation of natural resources requires a large capital outlayD) the economic position of a country is directly related to its natural resourcesE) a country's natural resources should be used carefully as they are often very limited12.We understand from the passage that the Indians in the US ----.

A) failed to make use of the natural resources at their disposal [BEKLENMEYEN ZITLIK: but]B) managed to achieve a reasonable standard of living though they had no natural resourcesC) were envious of people with a better life-styleD) wasted their natural resources and so remained poorE) had no desire to change their life-style13.According to the passage, several of the less- developed countries ----.

A) are already learning to exploit their natural resourcesB) have an abundance of natural resources [DDALI a number of, fantastically]C) have used up all their natural resourcesD) could achieve economic growth if only they had sufficient natural resourcesE) are completely lacking in natural resources14.It is emphasized in the passage that natural resources ----.

A) in less-developed countries are being exploited by foreign countriesB) are essential if a country is to have a sound economyC) are far more valuable than human resourcesD) only become valuable when there are human resources to develop them [ART: necessary]E) have had an adverse effect on the development of many less-developed countriesBol miktarda doal kaynak ekonomik bymeyi garanti etmeye yetmez. Bir sr az gelimi lke, doal kaynaklarca son derece zengindir. Yine de bu kaynaklar kullanmada ok baarl olmamlardr. Doal kaynaklarn faydal formlara dntrlmesi gerekmektedir. rnein, Amerika Birleik Devletlerindeki Kzlderililer elleri altnda pek ok doal kaynaa sahiplerdi, ama yaam standartlarn artramadlar ve ekonomik kalknma yaayamadlar. nsanlar doal kaynaklar faydal formlara dntrecek yntemler bulmaldrlar. Benzer doal kaynaklara sahip lkeler, bunu yapma kabiliyetleri bakmndan farkllk gsterirler. Ksaca, zengin doal kaynaklar tek balarna yetmezler: Kaynaklar faydal eylere dntrmek iin insanlara ihtiya vardr. Az gelimi topluluklar sahip olduklar doal kaynaklardan istifade edebilmek iin bu tip insan kaynana muhtatrlar.

Countries with similar natural resources vary in their ability to do this.Countries which have similar natural resources vary in their ability to do this

KPSS 2004 (45-48)People don't have to run marathons to gain the health rewards of physical activity. Most experts agree that any physical activity, even moderate activity, provides health benefits. In fact, people who are extremely inactive can expect to get the greatest health benefits by taking part in regular, moderate-intensity, endurance-type activity. The authors of an extensive study on fitness and mortality concluded that "moderate levels of physical fitness that are attainable by most adults appear to be protective against early mortality". It makes sense, then, to encourage the least active people to participate in whatever activities they can readily perform since they may benefit most.15.In this passage, the author is really speaking to people ----.

A) whose reasons for physical activity are variedB) who are experts in the problems related to physical activityC) who are rarely involved in any sort of physical activity

D) for whom physical activity is a prime aim in lifeE) with whom he takes part in various physical activities16.The physical activity that the writer Is referring to in this passage ----.

A) is an ordinary type of activity that doesnt require much physical effort

B) is one that is suitable for adults onlyC) should only be undertaken under expert guidanceD) is specifically recommended for people of middle ageE) benefits the young rather than the elderly17.The writer points out that, in order to benefit from physical activity ----.

A) one must, in the first place, enjoy good healthB) we must all follow a fixed schedule which includes a variety of activitiesC) some endurance-type activities are essentialD) the change from inactivity to activity must be a gradual oneE) one doesn't have to perform strenuous or exhausting activities [NOT HAVE TO]18.According to the results of a research work referred to in the passage, ----.

A) the health benefits of long-distance running are enormousB) intense physical activity is usually harmfulC) adults should avoid all types of physical activityD) it seems that a reasonable amount of exercise leads to a longer life [SEBEP-SONU; ALINTI (TIRNAK)]E) the same balanced programme of physical activity is suitable for everyonensanlar fiziksel aktivitenin salk kazanmlarna erimek iin maraton komak zorunda deildir. ou uzman herhangi bir fiziksel eylemin, hatta orta halli bir hareketin bile, salk faydalarn temin edeceinde hemfikirdirler. in asl, son derece hareketsiz olan insanlar, dzenli orta younlukta dayankllk tipi aktiviteler yapmak suretiyle en byk salk faydalarna erimeyi mit edebilirler. Spor ve lm zerine yaplan kapsaml bir almann yazarlar u sonuca gelmilerdir: "ou yetikinin yapabilecei orta seviyelerde fiziksel spor, erken lme kar koruyu gzkmektedir." O zaman, en hareketsiz insanlar zorlanmadan yapabilecekleri hangi aktivite olursa olsun buna tevik etmek, muazzam bir fayda salayabileceinden, gayet akllcadr. KPSS 2004 (49-52)More than ever before, people are now learning about nutrition as they watch television, read newspapers, turn the pages of magazines, talk with friends, and search the Internet. They want to know how best to take care of themselves. In some cases, they are seeking miracles: tricks to help them lose weight, foods to forestall aging and supplements to build muscles. People's heightened interest in nutrition and health translates into billions of dollars spent on services and products sold by both genuine and fraudulent businesses. While consumers who obtain genuine products can improve their health, those who are deceived by clever advertising may lose their health, their savings or both. Ironically, such deception in nutritional matters prevents people from attaining the health they seek by giving them false hope and delaying the implementation of effective strategies.19. As is pointed out In the passage, in recent years ----.

A) people have been giving great importance to their health and always consult qualified doctors if there is a problemB) nutritional standards everywhere have risen noticeablyC) people know a lot more about nutrition but continue to eat what they know is bad for themD) a great deal of money is being spent on health aids and the results are always worth itE) people have become increasingly interested in nutrition and health

20.The passage contains a warning that ----.

A) many nutrition-related products make false claims about what they can achieve [those RC]B) much information that can be obtained from the Internet is completely unreliableC) too much interest in health actually has an adverse effect on one's healthD) efforts to forestall aging have proved particularly dangerousE) there are more fraudulent health products and services than genuine ones21.According to the passage, many of the health items on the market actually have an adverse effect upon the consumer, ----.

A) which the manufacturers find very worryingB) but this is rarely made known to the publicC) but some do achieve the miracles they promiseD) because they make one delay seeking proper medical advice [SEBEP SONU: by doing ST]E) but never of a serious nature22.We understand from the passage that a great deal of money is being spent on special nutrition products ----.

A) though the media constantly insists that they are harmfulB) but the desired results are not always realized

C) but it is the normal diet that is really importantD) and the main aim is invariably to lose weightE) most of which are useless but at least none are harmfulTelevizyon seyrettike, gazeteleri okuduka, dergi sayfalarn kartrdka , arkadalaryla konuup internette aratrma yaptka, insanlar beslenme hakknda eskiye kyasla ok daha fazla ey reniyorlar. Kendilerine en iyi nasl bakacaklarn renmek istiyorlar. Baz durumlarda, mucize peinde kouyorlar: kilo kaybetmelerine yardmc olacak pf noktalar, yalanmay engelleyici yiyecekler ve kas yapacak ek gdalar (gibi). nsanlarn beslenmeye ve sala artan ilgisi hem gerek hem de dolandrc i dnyasnn satt servis ve rnlere harcanan milyarlarca dolara dnyor. Gerek rnlere ulaan mteriler salklarn gelitirirken, kurnaz reklamlarla kandrlanlar salklarn, birikimlerini veya her ikisini birden yitirebiliyorlar. in tuhaf, beslenme konusundaki bu tr dolandrclklar insanlara sahte umutlar vererek ve etkin stratejileri uygulamalarn geciktirerek aradklar sala kavumalarn engelliyor. KPSS 2005 (49-52)People may be overweight, not because they eat too much, but because they spend too little energy. More than one - third of the overweight population report no physical activity at all during their leisure time. Some overweight people are so extraordinarily inactive that even when they eat less than thin people, they still have an energy surplus. Reducing their food intake further would be a threat to their health. Physical activity, then, is a necessary component of nutritional health. People must be physically active if they are to eat enough food to deliver all the nutrients they need without unhealthy weight gain. One hundred years ago, 30 per cent of the energy used in farm and factory work came from muscle power; today only 1 per cent does. Modern technology, resulting in such things as computers and washing - machines, has replaced physical activity at home, at work, and in transportation. Underactivity is probably the single most important contributor to overweight. And in most cases, television watching makes the biggest contribution to physical inactivity.

23.One point emphasized in the passage concerning the problem of overweight is that ----.

A) it is threatening the lives and the happiness of a great many people

B) the best solution is to eat less

C) it is by no means a modern phenomenon

D) people need to be made more aware of how it can be overcome

E) it is usually the result of too little physical activity [SEBEP-SONU- because; NOT - BUT]24.According to the passage, some overweight people ----.

A) rarely bother to turn the television on

B) do not regard being overweight as a problem

C) are quite as physically active as the average person

D) may actually eat less than thin people [KARILATIRMA]E) seem to enjoy excellent health

25.As it is pointed out in the passage, modern technology ----.

A) may make our working hours less active but does not affect our leisure hours

B) has more advantages than disadvantages

C) is, directly or indirectly, responsible for many of the overweight people in the world [SEBEP-SONU: resulting in]D) has led to a greater reduction of physical activity at home than in the workplace

E) has revolutionized the work of the agricultural labourer but not of the factory worker

26.According to the passage, there are many factors contributing to modern-life underactivity, but the main one is ----.

A) driving to work instead of walking

B) watching television [DDALI: biggest; SEBEP-SONU: contribution]C) labour-saving devices in the home

D) the use of computers in offices

E) fast - food services

nsanlar, ok yedikleri iin deil, ok az enerji harcadklar iin kilolu olabilirler. Kilolu nfusun te birinden daha fazlas bo vakitleri boyunca hi bir fiziksel aktivite yapmadklarn belirtiyorlar. Baz kilolu insanlar ylesine hareketsiz ki zayf insanlardan daha az yediklerinde bile enerji fazlalklar oluyor. Yiyecek almlarn daha da azaltmak, (bu insanlarn) salklar iin bir tehdit olacaktr. O zaman fiziksel hareketlilik salkl beslenmenin gerekli bir unsurudur. nsanlar kilo kazanmadan ihtiyalar olan tm besinleri salayacak yeterlilikte yemek yemek istiyorlarsa, fiziksel olarak hareketli olmaldrlar. Yz yl nce, iftlik ve fabrikalarda kulanlan enerjinin yzde 30u kas gcnden geliyordu; bugn bu orada sadece yzde 1. Bilgisayar ve bulak makinesi gibi eylere yol aan gnmz teknolojisi ev, iyeri ve ulamda fiziksel hareketin yerini ald. Hareketsizlik muhtemelen ar kilodaki en byk tek etken. Ve ou durumda, televizyon seyretmek fiziksel hareketsizlie en byk gerekeyi tekil etmektedir.

KPSS 2005 (57- 60)The conventional photography industry is facing difficult times now that digital cameras have come to the fore in all parts of the world. People with digital cameras take more picture than do those with conventional cameras, but make fewer prints. They tend to share pictures over the internet and get any prints they do want from their computers, instead of going to a photography shop for prints. Further, a new threat has now appeared: camera-equipped mobile phones. These could change the nature of photography entirely, because they make the sharing of digital photographs far easier. In all probability they will soon be quite the most popular form of camera.

27.It is clear from the passage that people with digital cameras ----.

A) do not need the services of the photography industry [KARILATIRMA ; DEVRIK]B) regard themselves as professional photographers

C) cant take better photographs than people with conventional cameras

D) take fewer photographs than one might expect

E) are not interested in camera-equipped mobile phones

28.We understand from the passage that, with the coming of digital cameras, ----.

A) photography has been made rather easy

B) the photography industry has been enjoying a period of prosperity

C) no one ever bothers to print any photographs

D) more and more people have started to use the internet

E) people are taking more photographs than before [KARILATIRMA: more pictures than]29.According to the passage, it seems likely that camera-equipped mobile phones ----.

A) will only enjoy a short period of popularity

B) are going to bring radical changes to the field of photography [DDALI: entirely]C) will soon be able to produce photographs of higher quality

D) will always be a luxury item

E) will soon be replaced by a much smaller camera

30.One advantage of a mobile phone camera over the regular digital camera is that ----.

A) it has a greater ability to store pictures

B) prints of the photographs can be made

C) it makes the sharing of pictures much more practical [SEBEP: because; KARILATIRMA: far easier]D) it can be operated more easily

E) the photographs it takes are of better quality

Alldk fotoraf sanayisi dnyann her yerinde dijital fotoraf makineleri ne kt iin skntl zamanlar yayor. Dijital fotoraf makinesi olan insanlar, tipik fotoraf makinesi olanlara kyasla daha ok fotoraf ekiyorlar, ama daha az kt alyorlar. Onlar fotoraflar internette paylamak ve, ta'b iin bir fotoraf dkkanna gitmek yerine, arzu ettikleri herhangi bir kty ise bilgisayarlarndan almak eilimindeler. Dahas, yeni bir tehdit ba gsterdi: kameral cep telefonlar. Bunlar fotorafln doasn tamamen deitirebilir, zira dijital fotoraflarn paylamn ok daha kolay hale getirmekteler. Byk ihtimalle, ksa zaman iinde en tercih edilen fotoraf makinesi tr olacaklar.

KPSS 2006 (45-58)Unlike 20th-century technologies like nuclear weapons, which were self-limiting because they depended on rare and expensive materials, new technologies such as genetic engineering, nanotechnology and robotics are easily within the reach of individuals or small groups. With each of these new technologies, a sequence of small, harmless advances leads to an accumulation of great power, and at the same time, great danger. Individuals with knowledge of the technologies could use them to cause great damage to the human race or to the earth. Nanotechnology, for example, could create viruses that reproduce uncontrollably and cover the planet. Intelligent robots could make copies of themselves and eventually control our civilization. Accordingly, with new technology comes the new responsibility to use it to help, rather than harm, the human race and the planet.

31.We understand from the passage that the new technologies of the present century ----.

A) are not likely to bring any benefits, not even of a temporary nature

B) will certainly put an end to life on the planet

C) pose a possible threat to society and the planet [SEBEP SONU: cause]D) are largely controlled by individuals and groups that want to destroy the planet

E) are already showing signs of controlling our civilization

32.It is clear from the passage that the writer ----.

A) believes that individuals with access to the new technologies must use them responsibly [DEVRK CMLE: comes the new responsibility]B) is sure that only responsible individuals have so far been allowed access to the new technologies

C) is confident that individuals with access to the new technologies will definitely use them to help, rather than harm, the human race and the planet

D) fears that all the individuals with access to the new technologies wish to harm the human race and the planet

E) is extremely optimistic about how the new technologies will be used

33.It can be understood from the passage that 20th century technologies such as nuclear weapons ----.

A) could easily have been controlled by a few individuals

B) were easy to control due to their reliance on costly resources that are difficult to obtain [RC]C) were easy to control since only the national governments had access to them

D) were controlled by the national governments of a very few countries, and thus, were unlikely to prove dangerous

E) were far more likely to prove beneficial than harmful

34.It is made clear in the passage that new technologies such as genetic engineering, nanotechnology and robotics could prove dangerous ----.

A) even though those working on them are all fully aware of their responsibilities

B) since they are designed to harm not to help li