HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, RISK ASSESSMENT & RISK CONTROL (HIRARC) • Hazard, Risk & Danger • Types of Hazard • Risk Control • Proper & Safe Method in Deploying Portable Fire Extinguishers/Hose Reels PART 1
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, RISK
ASSESSMENT & RISK CONTROL
(HIRARC)
• Hazard, Risk & Danger
• Types of Hazard
• Risk Control
• Proper & Safe Method in Deploying Portable Fire
Extinguishers/Hose Reels
PART 1
WHAT IS A HAZARD?
H I R A R C
WHAT IS HAZARD?? A source or a situation with a potential for
harm in terms of human injury or ill health, damage to property, damage to the environment or a combination of these
Anything that may have the potential to result in injury or harm to the health of a person.
Unsafe condition or practice that could cause an injury or illness to an employee – specific for manufacturing
A condition or practice with a potential for accidental loss. A tiger is a hazard – It has the potential to cause loss
H I R A R C
hazard???
H I R A R C
WHAT IS RISK?? A combination of the likelihood of an
occurrence of a hazardous event with specified period or in specified circumstances and the severity of injury or damage to the health of people, property, environment or any combination of these caused by the event.
The probability of that injury or harm to occur
The likelihood of an accident happening because of a hazard. If there is no potential victim, there is no risk. The nearer the person is to the hazard, the greater the risk.
Risk = Likelihood x Consequence/Severity
H I R A R C
Danger : Relative exposure to a hazard
H I R A R C
WHAT IS DANGER??
What is the HAZARD, &
what is the RISK
H I R A R C
What is the HAZARD, &
what is the RISK
H I R A R C
1. The obvious hazard : apparent to the human senses,
e.g. unguarded machinery, building defect
2. The concealed hazard : not apparent to the human
senses, e.g. electricity, non-smelling toxic vapours,
pressure
3. The developing hazard : cannot be recognized
immediately, will develop over time, e.g. worn tyre,
frayed steel cables
4. The transient hazard : intermittent hazard, e.g.
overloading, sticking safety valve
H I R A R C
1. MAN
2. MACHINERY / EQUIPMENT
3. MATERIAL / SUBSTANCE
4. METHOD / ACTIVITY
5. SITUATION
6. DESIGN
7. ENERGY
H I R A R C
MAN
H I R A R C
MACHINERY / EQUIPMENT
H I R A R C
MATERIALS / SUBSTANCE
H I R A R C
H I R A R C
METHOD / ACTIVITY
H I R A R C
The identity and severity of each hazards in each work activities must be
determined and characterised
PERSON AT WORK
PHYSICAL HAZARDS
BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS
PSYCHOSOCIAL HAZARDS
CHEMICAL HAZARDS
ERGONOMIC HAZARDS
H I R A R C
HAZARDS IN THE WORKPLACE
1. PHYSICAL
2. CHEMICAL
3. BIOLOGICAL
4. PYSCHOSOCIAL
5. ERGONOMIC
PHYSICAL HAZARDS
NOISE
HEAT, HOT SURFACES
VENTILATION
CONFINED SPACE
RADIATION NORM
VIBRATION
PRESSURE waterjetting
MACHINERY
ELECTRICITY
H I R A R C
MECHANICAL Pinch points,sharp
points and
edges,overload or force
a tool beyond its
capabilities and grinding
wheel without guard
H I R A R C
ELECTRICAL Electrical cord
insulation
damaged,electrical face
plate or cover broken
or missing and fan cord
insulation pulled loose
H I R A R C
Unsafe Use of Electricity Faulty Electrical Appliances
Faulty Three-Pin Plugs
Illegal Extensions
H I R A R C
THE WATER HEATER
H I R A R C
HUSBAND AND WIFE ...
H I R A R C
1. PHYSICAL
2. CHEMICAL
3. BIOLOGICAL
4. PYSCHOSOCIAL
5. ERGONOMIC
CHEMICAL HAZARDS
GASES, VAPOURS painting
LIQUIDS : ACIDS, ALKALI
DUSTS, MIST,S FUMES
SMOKE
POISONS
◦ CARCINOGEN
◦ GENETIC POISONS
◦ PESTICIDE
AEROSOLS, FLAMMABLES
IRRITANTS cleaning with diesel
HAZARDS IN THE WORKPLACE
H I R A R C
CHEMICAL
Exposed to carcinogens
chemicals,sensitizers
and corrosive chemicals
H I R A R C
Physico-chemical
• Explosive
• Reactive / oxidizing
• Extremely flammable
• Highly flammable
• flammable
Control
• Proper labeling
• Availability of CSDS
• Segregation of
reactive material
• Keeping flammables
away from sources of
ignition
• Use of PPE – fire
retardant clothing
CHEMICALS : Effects on
Safety
H I R A R C
CHEMICALS :
Modes of Entry
● Ingestion
● Injection
● Inhalation
●Contact with eye, nose,
throat & skin
H I R A R C
Acute effects:
• Simple Asphyxiation
• Chemical Asphyxiation
• Anesthetic
• Neurotoxic
• Irritant
• Corrosive
• Allergies
• Organ Damage
Chronic effects:
• Carcinogenicity
• Mutagenicity
• Teratogenicity
• Reproductive
• Organ Damage
CHEMICALS : Effects on
Health
H I R A R C
HOW DOES ALCOHOL AFFECT PHYSICAL
AND MENTAL BEHAVIOUR?
BLOOD ALCOHOL LEVEL
PER 100 ML EFFECTS
600 mg
500 mg
400 mg
200 mg
150 mg
80 mg
50 mg
30 mg 1 pint of beer
1 1/2 pints of beer
or 3 whiskies
2 1/2 pints of beer
or 5 whiskies
5 pints of beer
or 10 whiskies
6 pints of beer
or 13 whiskies
3/4 bottle of spirits
1 bottle of spirits
Likelihood of having an accident
starts to increase.
One becomes more cheerful.
A feeling of warmth. - IMPAIRMENT
OF JUDGMENT & INHIBITION
Loss of driving license.
Loss of self control, exuberance,
quarrelsomeness, slurred speech.
Stagger, double vision,
memory loss.
Oblivion, sleepiness, coma.
Death possible.
Death certain.
NO. OF DRINKS
CIGARETTES
1. PHYSICAL
2. CHEMICAL
3. BIOLOGICAL
4. PYSCHOSOCIAL
5. ERGONOMIC
BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS
LEGIONELLA PNEUMOPHILA - BACTERIA ( AIR-COND SYSTEM WATER SUPPLY ) [ PNEUMONIA ]
BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS - HIV
ORGANIC DUST, MOLD, FUNGI - ASTHMA / DERMATITIS
FLOUR & GRAIN DUST - ASTHMA
RHINOVIRUS - COMMON COLD
ENZYME ALCALASE - LAUNDRY DETERGENT [ALLERGIC - ASTHMA ]
INSECT STINGS, ANIMAL BITES
HAZARDS IN THE WORKPLACE
H I R A R C
BIOLOGICAL
Exposed to airbone and
blood borne
viruses,bacteria and
fungus
H I R A R C
H I R A R C
H I R A R C
WHAT HAPPEN HERE??
H I R A R C
H I R A R C
INFECTION CHAIN
Infection control = break any one or more links in the infection chain
Retention :
Susceptible
Host
Pathogen
Portal of
Exit Escape
from
reservoir
Transmission
through
environment
Portal of
entry
Susceptible
Host
BREAK
THAT
CHAIN!
H I R A R C
H I R A R C
1. PHYSICAL
2. CHEMICAL
3. BIOLOGICAL
4. PYSCHOSOCIAL
5. ERGONOMIC
PSYCHO-SOCIAL PROBLEMS
SEXUAL HARRASSMENT
PEER PRESSURE
HEAVY WORKLOADS, DATELINES
LACK OF CONTROL OVER PACE OF WORK
SHIFT WORK
WORKING ALONE
CONFLICTS CO-WORKERS, etc
SOCIAL PROBLEMS : S.O.L.V.E.
JOB SECURITY
DRUG ABUSE
HAZARDS IN THE WORKPLACE
H I R A R C
PHYCHOSOCIAL
Stress, sexual
harassment and violent
at work
H I R A R C
1. PHYSICAL
2. CHEMICAL
3. BIOLOGICAL
4. PYSCHO-SOCIAL
5. ERGONOMIC
ERGONOMIC HAZARDS
WORKPLACE DESIGN
POOR LIGHTING
LAY-OUT OF WORKSTATION
EXCESSIVE MANUAL
HANDLING vibration
DESIGN OF TOOLS
REPETITIVE MOVEMENTS
ceramics
HAZARDS IN THE WORKPLACE
H I R A R C
ERGONOMIC
Repeated exposure to
unnatural postures and
unnatural movement,
wrong design of work
station, tools and task
H I R A R C
MANUAL HANDLING Types of Internal Injury :
Torn ligament and muscles – back
Damaged joints – knees, ankle, shoulder, hand
Slipped disc, Hernia, ??
H I R A R C
MANUAL HANDLING
Factories & Machinery Act 1967
◦ Section 12 – “No one shall be employed to lift, carry or move any load that could cause bodily injury.”
H I R A R C
EARLY DETECTION AND
REPORTING OF SYMPTOMS
Continuous pain after weeks of involvement in new job
Sudden pain in worker that has been on the same job for
a long time
Pain that is getting worse
Pain that is centered at certain muscles
Signs of numbness and aches
Signs of redness and swelling
H I R A R C
ERGONOMICS RISK FACTORS
Contributing Factors
◦ Awkward Posture
◦ Excessive Force
◦ Repetitive Motion
◦ Static Loading
◦ Contact Stress
Environmental Factors
■ Noise
■ Temperature
■ Lighting/glare
■ Vibration
H I R A R C
48
1. Keep everything within easy reach
2. Work at proper height
3. Reduce excessive force
4. Work in good posture
5. Reduce excessive repetition
6. Minimize fatigue
7. Minimize direct pressure
8. Provide adjustability and change of posture
9. Provide clearance and access
10. Maintain a comfortable environment
11. Enhance clarity and understanding
12. Improve work organisation
12 ERGONOMICS PRINCIPLES
H I R A R C