Organic and Inorganic Landscape Elements

ELEMENTS OF LANDSCAPE

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Landscaping refers to any activity that modifies the visible features of an area of land, including:1. living elements, such as flora or fauna; or what is

commonly referred to as gardening, the art and craft of growing plants with a goal of creating a beautiful environment within the landscape.

2. natural elements such as landforms, terrain shape and elevation, or bodies of water;

3. human elements such as structures, buildings, fences or other material objects created and/or installed by humans; and

4. abstract elements such as the weather and lighting conditions.

landscape could be generally classified into two:• Organic • Inorganic

What is landscaping?

DIFFERENT ORGANIC AND INORGANIC ELEMENTS:

1. Stone2. Brick3. Timber 4. Metal5. Plastics6. Glass 7. Composite materials

(mixture of glass and plastics)

ORGANIC ELEMENTS INORGANIC ELEMENTS

1. Plants 2. Water3. Earth forms

ORGANIC ELEMENTS:

Plants are the product of biological processes. They are the starter of eco system. There are many varieties of plant materials such as:

• Trees • Shrubs • Creepers and climbers • Land covers .etc.

USES:

1.PLANTS:

1. Microclimate modifiers2. Conservation belt3. Erosion control 4. Retains ground water5. Retains soil fertility6. Prevents siltation

Environmental Architectural

1. Enframement 2. Scale induction 3. Creation of plaza 4. Defines pathway 5. Welcoming look and aesthetic

appeal to the building

SHRUBS

COVERED PATHWAYS

CREEPERS

CLIMBERS

GROUND COVERSTREES

Water is also another most important landscape element. Water bodies improve the quality and the worth of the

site.it makes the site attractive. There are many types of water :

2.WATER BODIES:

1. Fountains 2. Pools 3. Ponds 4. Spouts5. Artificial waterfalls.etc.

USES:

1. Excellent land water interface gives an ecological home for the animals and plants.

2. Water runoff reduced.3. Microclimate created.4. Moisture level maintained.5. Wetland, marshes, swampy areas are conserved.6. Maintaining vegetation into wetlands.7. Hydrological cycle maintained.8. Site aesthetics are enhanced.

WATER

Water flows inevitably, from the source to the receiving oceanbasin. This continuity of rivulets , streams and rivers can be readily observed.

QUALITIES OF WATER: In depth, water may range from deep to no more than a film ofsurface moisture. In motion, from rush to gush, spurt, spout, spill, spray or seep. In sound, from tumultuous roar to murmur.

WATER CAN BE USED:1. AS A RESOURSE2. FOR RECREATIONAL PURPOSES3. SCENIC VIEWS4. AS A LANDSCAPE FEATURE

A fountain is a piece of architecture which pours water into a basin or jets into air to supply drinking water or to provide a dramatic effect.

Types of fountains:

Fountains:

1. Musical fountains 2. Flash fountain 3. Drinking fountain

JETS DRINKING WATER FOUNTAINS

1. CASCADE 2.SMOOTH SHEET FLOW

When water overflows from a height and forms a screen it is called a smooth sheet flow.

When water flows in steps it is called as cascade. When large volume

of water is pressurised through small openings jets occur.

3. JETS

INORGANIC ELEMENTS:

Stones are hard, impermeable, inorganic elements used extensively in landscape architecture.

Stones are basically used for the following:

1. ROCKS AND STONES:

1. Paving2. Retaining wall3. Stacked stone wall4. Sitting 5. Shelters6. Parapets 7. Bridges8. Sculptures9. Planters 10.Bollards

Igneous rock:Formed when molten rock (called lava or magma) cools and hardenEg: granite.

Different Stones And Properties:

Sedimentary rock:Formed from biological deposits that have undergone consolidation and crystallizationEg: limestone, sandstone

Metamorphic rock:Formed when other kinds of rocks are changed by great heat and pressure inside the earthEx: marble, slate, quartzite.

PAVING:

BRIDGES:

PLANTERS

STACK RETAINING WALLS

SEATINGS AND SHELTERS:

Bricks:Bricks may be made from clay, shale, soft slate, calcium silicate, concrete, or shaped from quarried stone.Nowadays concrete or cement bricks are also made and used widely.

Bricks are extensively used in landscaping for making:

1. Curb 2. pavements3. planters 4. Screens.etc.

BRICK PAVING CURB STONE

3.TIMBER:

Timber is yet another best used elements of landscape.This adds the attraction and improves the quality of landscaping by its use in various ways:

1. Benches 2. Tables3. Shelters 4. Pergolas 5. Bridges 6. Sculptures .etc.

METAL:

1. FERRROUS METAL: e.g.

stainless steel mild steel cast iron wrought / ductile iron

2.NON-FERROUS METAL:e.g.copperaluminumzinc

Metals are nowadays extensively used in landscape architecture.Metals are being used as:

1. Benches 2. Railings 3. Bollards 4. Pergolas 5. Fencing6. Lightings 7. Sculptures8. Bridges 9. Dustbins 10.Bicycle parking.etc.

BENCHES RAILINGSBOLLARDS

BICYCLE PARKING LUMINAIERS SCULPTURES

DUSTBINS

SCULPTURESTREE GAURDS

GLASS:Glass is a transparent fusion of

silica, alkaline flux, and stabilizer into a rigid, non-crystalline mass. An extremely versatile material, molten glass can be formed by various means. It can be blown into bulbous shapes, flowed into sensuous forms, or cut, flattened, and cooled slowly to reduce brittleness.

PLASTIC: Plastics are non bio degradable materials.These materials are used in landscaping for the following:

1. Planters (pots)2. Furniture 3. Dustbins 4. Toys and

sculptures.etc.

PLANTERS SHELTERS

GARDEN TOYS

DUSTBIN

12.EARTH FORMS :LAND:

Land is the solid part of the earth surface.EARTH FORM:

Three dimensional relief of the surface of earth is called as earth form.

Methods Of Representation Of Earth Forms:

1. Contours

2. Hachure

Methods of modification of earth forms:

1. Grading :cutting and filling2. Resculpting of land

The shape or the relief of the ground surface can beindicated by contours. These are the lines of equal height above a fixedreference point or bench mark of known or assumedelevation. These lines basically join points whichhave equal heights above the fixed point. they areconsidered to be the signatures of the land formalong with the Hachure. Hachure are also representative lines which aredrawn perpendicular to the slope.

Contours and form lines are drawn on a map by projecting the 3-D ground onto a flat surface

Map showing hachures and pictorial relief.

The map above shows both form lines and pictorial relief.

How hachures are developed (different methods).

WATERSHED A river collects water from a broad area around it called awatershed.

RIDGES AND VALLEYS

OCEANSPARTIALLY MODIFIED LANDSCAPE

WATER BODIES

DESERT LANDS

OTHER COMPOSITE MATERIALS:

Furniture(plastic wood & metal) Recycled composite material brick

Composite deck material Pavements made out of recycled brick

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