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Organic and Inorganic Substances PS-3.2 Infer the practical applications of organic and inorganic substances on the basis of their chemical and physical properties.
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Organic and Inorganic Substances

Dec 30, 2015

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Organic and Inorganic Substances. PS-3.2 Infer the practical applications of organic and inorganic substances on the basis of their chemical and physical properties. Organic Compounds. Compounds mostly found in living things and containing the element carbon. Carbon. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Page 1: Organic and Inorganic Substances

Organic and Inorganic Substances

PS-3.2 Infer the practical applications of organic and inorganic substances on the basis of their chemical and physical properties.

Page 2: Organic and Inorganic Substances

Organic Compounds

• Compounds mostly found in living things and containing the element carbon.

Page 3: Organic and Inorganic Substances

Carbon

• It has 4 electrons in its outer energy level, so it can form four covalent bonds with atoms of carbon or other elements.

Page 4: Organic and Inorganic Substances

Carbon

• It can link together with other carbon atoms in many different arrangements, like chains, branched chains, or rings.

• It can from single, double, or triple bonds.

• It can bond with atoms of other elements such as hydrogen and oxygen.

Page 5: Organic and Inorganic Substances

Hydrocarbon

• Compound made up of only carbon and hydrogen atoms

• Produce more than 90% of the energy humans use

• Examples: – Methane (CH4) used for natural gas

– Propane (C3CH8) used in outdoor grills and heaters in hot air balloons

Page 6: Organic and Inorganic Substances

Hydrocarbon

• Form long chain molecules called polymers. – Used to make plastics and synthetic fibers.

http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_QyRu3Ume7v8/SK8X4YkzxyI/AAAAAAAAABk/5fDKnc4KeWo/s400/polymers3.jpg

Page 7: Organic and Inorganic Substances

Biological Polymers

• Huge, chain-like molecules that are found in living organisms.

• Types of Biological Polymers– Nucleic acids– Proteins– Lipids– Carbohydrates

Page 8: Organic and Inorganic Substances

Biological CompoundsProteins• Large organic polymers formed from

organic monomers called amino acids.• Contains –NH2 and -COOH groups• Proteins make up your muscles, tendons,

hair, and fingernails.• Your body breaks down the proteins into

their amino acid monomers. Your body then uses these amino acid monomers to make new proteins.

Page 9: Organic and Inorganic Substances

Protein / Amino Acids

http://www.hcc.mnscu.edu/chem/V.27/amino_acid_structure.jpg

Page 10: Organic and Inorganic Substances

Biological Compounds

Nucleic acids

• Organic polymers formed from monomers called nucleotides.

• Control the activities and reproduction of cells.

• Included RNA and DNA

http://files.turbosquid.com/Preview/Content_on_9_27_2005_19_43_31/dna_all.jpg8f81b400-55aa-4126-94c0-6e3ead009a2cLarge.jpg

Page 11: Organic and Inorganic Substances

Biological Compounds

Carbohydrates

• compounds that contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

• Ratio of hydrogen to oxygen is 2:1

• Sugars provide quick energy soon after eating.

• Starches are polymers made of monomers of the sugar glucose.

Page 12: Organic and Inorganic Substances

Carbohydrates

http://campus.northpark.edu/biology/cell/Carbohydrates2.gif

Page 13: Organic and Inorganic Substances

Biological Compounds

Lipids

• Includes fats and oils

• Contains same elements as carbohydrates, but in different proportions.– The ratio of hydrogen to oxygen is greater than

2:1

• Provides long term energy storage

Page 14: Organic and Inorganic Substances

Lipids

http://www.expeditionfoods.com/images/pictures/diag3.gif

Page 15: Organic and Inorganic Substances

Inorganic Substances and Potential Uses

• Copper is ductile and conducts electricity, so it is used for wiring.

• Aluminum has a low density compared to substance with similar strength so it is used in making airplanes.

• Water is a good solvent, so it is used to wash clothes.

Page 16: Organic and Inorganic Substances

http://www.tracy.k12.ca.us/whssci/Haut/AP%20Biology/AP%20Handouts/summer%20assignment%20review%20worksheet-2008.pdf

Page 17: Organic and Inorganic Substances

Biological Compounds

Page 18: Organic and Inorganic Substances

Biological Compounds