Optimizing Backhaul for Picocells in 4G Networks Amir Makleff President and CEO BridgeWave Communications.

Optimizing Backhaul for Picocells in 4G NetworksAmir Makleff

President and CEOBridgeWave Communications

2

Cell Size Evolution

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Distances and bit rates are still being debated The general trend of higher bit rates/shorter distances is

widely recognized

Macrocells

Picocells

100 m 1 Km 10 Km10 mbps

100 mbps

1 Gbps

Bit Rate

Distance

- - -Trend - -

-

Microcells

Small Cell Drivers Macro Network Holes

Network holes between Macro Base Stations, originate from geography,

building layout or legacy network planning

These “holes” yield slow data rates and dropped calls

Solution:

Pinpoint deployment of picocells in the middle of the Macro holes, to light up

hard to reach strategic locations.

Small Cell Backhaul Challenges Dense urban areas

Large number of nodes to achieve coverage

Different types of nodes in a variety of locations:

In buildings

Roof tops

Street-level

Light or utility poles

High capacity

Propagation in urban canyons

Aesthetic fit (inconspicuous)

Cost-effective

5

Small Cell Backhaul Requirements

Low cost of equipment + installation

Low Opex/recurrent fees (e.g. license)

Small deployed footprint

Aesthetic fit in urban environments

Bit rates expandable up to 1 Gbps

To support mesh and daisy chaining

Short deployment lead time

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Millimeter Wave Backhaul

Point-to-point millimeter wave radios have some unique advantages for mobile backhaul: Abundance of spectrum

High capacities Attractive licensing & highly-directive transmission

Natural immunity to interferenceHigh frequency reuseMinimal frequency planning

Short wavelengthSmall size of hardware and integrated solutions

Quick deployment Low CapEx / OpEx

mmW Spectrum

A relatively recent addition to fixed PTP frequencies: V-band (“60GHz”) 7GHz (57-64GHz)

Unlicensed (e.g., USA, UK) E-band (“80GHz”) 10GHz (71-76GHz and 81-86GHz)

Light-licensing (e.g., USA, UK) Full licensing (e.g., Germany, Ireland)

mmW Propagation

60GHz: Absorption of O2 ~14dB/Km Also rain 1-2Km for 1Gbps links @5’9s

80GHz: Rain 2-4Km for 1Gbps links @5’9s

Neither is impacted by: Multipath fading due to narrow

beams and relatively short links

Fog (<0.4dB/Km)

60 GHz Excessive rain150mm/h

Heavy rain25mm/h

Fog

80 GHz

Drizzle0.25mm/h

mmW Directivity High gain and narrow beam-width achieved with small

antennas Typical examples:

Implications: Security

Low probability of detection (LPD) Low probability of intercept (LPI)

High interference immunity High frequency reuse “No” multipath

60GHz

5mm

12cm antenna 3dB / GA 1.0 / 35dBi

25cm antenna 3dB / GA 0.5 / 40dBi

5.8 GHz = 1,140’ wide @ 1 mi

60 GHz = 128’ wide @ 1 mi

mmW Frequency Reuse

Frequency reuse facilitated by: Narrow beam width Oxygen absorption at 60GHz. At 60GHz, an infinite linear cascading of links may be

achieved using only one pair of FDD frequencies and 2 polarizations:

E.g., d=300m -> u=1500m -> CCI -20dB

A B C D E

"West" "East"

F

Repeatable pattern

d

u

The Aesthetics Challenge Traditional direct mount and parabolic antennas are

OK for rooftop / mast deployment

Street-level deployment requires a different approach: Aesthetic Concealed / disguised Small footprint

Concept Testing

Tier-1 carrier field trial over several months

mmW Backhaul for Small Cell - Revisited

Excellent scalability Scalable capacity >1Gbps

Distance scalable from picocell to macrocell backhaul

Fast and simple deployment Good frequency reuse

Good interference immunity

Minimal frequency planning

Good fit for urban environment Aesthetic, “concealed” solution

Small footprint

Low Cost Low Total Cost of Ownership per bps

Minimal OpEx and recurring fees (e.g. license)

Challenges Limited applicability in rural environments

and other long-link scenarios

14

Conclusions

Small cell backhaul requires a combination of multiple solutions: “Backhaul Toolbox” Including fiber, microwave, millimeter wave, etc.

Millimeter Wave radios offer distinct advantages for small cell backhaul: High capacity links Abundance of spectrum Good urban fit Fast and inexpensive deployment

60GHz solutions ideal for small cell deployments and is a proven technology for similar applications

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Sales: 1-866-577-6908Fax: 1-408-567-0775

[email protected]

www.bridgewave.com

BridgeWave Communications, Inc.3350 Thomas RoadSanta Clara, CA 95054

Thank You

Amir MakleffPresident & CEOBridgeWave Communications

For more information:

White Papers: http://www.bridgewave.com/solutions/whitepapers.cfm

Case Studies: http://www.bridgewave.com/solutions/casestudies.cfm

Data Sheets: http://www.bridgewave.com/products/default.cfm

BridgeWave Communications, Inc.3350 Thomas RoadSanta Clara, CA. 95054 U.S.A.Tel: +1 (408) 567-6900Fax: +1 (408) 567-0775

www.bridgewave.com