Wireless Backhaul for 5G - PTA Backhaul for 5G ... by 2020 will be LTE ... Backhaul Fiber? Microwave? Copper? As of Today around the world the Backhaul Cu ...

Wireless Backhaul for 5GDr. Manodha Gamage

Founder/Managing DirectorISaC (Pvt.) Ltd – Sri Lanka

Consultant, Senior Lecturer & Trainer in Telecommunicationswww.isac.lk

[email protected]

Dynamic Broadband NeedsMobile Users Demand:• Very high Speeds• Seamless access of Large Volumes of Data• More Real Time & Video Applications• Very High Reliability & Scalability• Reductions in COST

Most used MobileBroadband Technology

by 2020 will be LTE

Dr. Manodha Gamage - ISaC (Pvt.) Ltd 2Ericsson Mobility Report –June 2016

Evolution - 2G/3G RAN to 4G RAN Architecture

RNC/BSC

2G&3G

Operator Actions:• Small Cells (Heterogeneous Networks)

• All IP Backhaul

Dr. Manodha Gamage - ISaC (Pvt.) Ltd3

LTE removed RNC/BSC andmade eNodeB more intelligent

eNodeB

LTE, LTE-A& beyond

5G Use Case Categories


LTE X2 and S1 InterfacesX2 interface supports communication between eNBs for:• Handover, Self Organized NWs (SON),• LTE Advanced features to:

• Control Interference• Increase Capacity

X2 interface:• Saves backhaul BW• Minimizing

communication delay

S1 Interface:• Reliability• Scalability

Require Close Cooperationamong cell sites

Dr. Manodha Gamage - ISaC (Pvt.) Ltd 5

X2 interface:• Saves backhaul BW• Minimizing

communication delay

S1 Interface:• Reliability• Scalability

Requirements of Backhaul beyond 4G• Meet Ever increasing Capacity needs of RAN

• Lower Latency &Tight Synchronization (IEEE 1588v2 – PTP)

• Support Heterogeneous RAN with Small Cells (SON)

• Need to minimize TCO (may be SDN, NFV etc.)


Backhaul Technologies Depend on….• Urban or Rural? (Population density??)

• Applications– Real time? Video? Interactive ? etc.

– Critical? Availability very important?

– Volumes of traffic

• Affordability (TCO)

• Importance of synchronization of CELLs

• Country Specifics????


• Urban or Rural? (Population density??)

• Applications– Real time? Video? Interactive ? etc.

– Critical? Availability very important?

– Volumes of traffic

• Affordability (TCO)

• Importance of synchronization of CELLs

• Country Specifics????

Backhaul Requirements for Dense Urban Areas• For MACRO base stations

– Expected capacity few Gbit/s per base station

– Hop lengths to reach an existing fiber connected point expected to be short(200 meters to 1 km)

• Outdoor Small Cells (Micro & Pico)– Should handle none line of sight environments

– Capacity requirements from 10 – 100s of Mbit/s

– Hop lengths to reach an existing fiber connected point expected to be shorter(Compared to macro base station case)

Dr. Manodha Gamage - ISaC (Pvt.) Ltd

8

• For MACRO base stations– Expected capacity few Gbit/s per base station

– Hop lengths to reach an existing fiber connected point expected to be short(200 meters to 1 km)

• Outdoor Small Cells (Micro & Pico)– Should handle none line of sight environments

– Capacity requirements from 10 – 100s of Mbit/s

– Hop lengths to reach an existing fiber connected point expected to be shorter(Compared to macro base station case)

Source: NGMN Alliance

Backhaul Requirements for Rural Areas

• No focus on network densification

• Hop lengths expected to be quite long - up to 15 km

• Low Capacity Requirement– Several 100s of Mbit/s

BackhaulFiber?Microwave?Copper?

As of Today around the worldthe BackhaulCu – Almost Nothing (less than 5%)Fiber & Microwave = almost 50:50


BackhaulFiber?Microwave?Copper?

As of Today around the worldthe BackhaulCu – Almost Nothing (less than 5%)Fiber & Microwave = almost 50:50

Fiber the BestBut NOT Feasible everywhere• High cost• Delays in deployment

Cost of Backhaul – Fiber Vs Microwave

Achieving 99.999% availabilityusing fiber is very expensive


Requirements of Backhaul for Front-haul Links• Traditional backhaul link

– End user data bits & System Control Information transmitted to & from BaseStations

• Front-haul - Connection between central unit (BBU) & Remote Radio Unit(RRU),

– Digital samples of signal transmitted & received at antenna increases bitrate offront-haul (multiple times compared to a traditional backhaul)

– Statistical Multiplexing of multisector sites reduces capacity need of backhaul – ButFront haul capacity needs increase linearly with number of sectors

– Multiple RRUs could be connected to one BBU/Control – hence more capacityneeded

• Front-haul capacity requirements in the range of 1-10 Gbit/s per RRU

– For MULTI sector site – should multiply with number of sectors

• Some applications could add additional requirements– Low latency and tight synchronization


• Traditional backhaul link– End user data bits & System Control Information transmitted to & from Base

Stations

• Front-haul - Connection between central unit (BBU) & Remote Radio Unit(RRU),

– Digital samples of signal transmitted & received at antenna increases bitrate offront-haul (multiple times compared to a traditional backhaul)

– Statistical Multiplexing of multisector sites reduces capacity need of backhaul – ButFront haul capacity needs increase linearly with number of sectors

– Multiple RRUs could be connected to one BBU/Control – hence more capacityneeded

• Front-haul capacity requirements in the range of 1-10 Gbit/s per RRU

– For MULTI sector site – should multiply with number of sectors

• Some applications could add additional requirements– Low latency and tight synchronization

Base Stations with Remote Radio Head

12

BBU

RRH

Front-haul & Backhaul


Front-haul towards 5G

Current C-RAN

2Gbps

10Gbps

BBU Pool

14

Future C-RANBBU Pool

3Gbps

Fiber Vs Microwave


Microwave can be used when Data Rate is 3 - 4Gbps

Performance of Wireless Backbone• 4G & Beyond backhaul requires to meet SLA performance criteria

for– Availability

– Packet delay

– Jitter

– Packet loss.

• Operators require 99.999% availability(approximately 5 minutes of down time per year)

• LTE SLA can be easily achieved by– Fiber-based backhaul (but would be very expensive)

– Line-of-Sight (LoS) microwave backhaul


• 4G & Beyond backhaul requires to meet SLA performance criteriafor– Availability

– Packet delay

– Jitter

– Packet loss.

• Operators require 99.999% availability(approximately 5 minutes of down time per year)

• LTE SLA can be easily achieved by– Fiber-based backhaul (but would be very expensive)

– Line-of-Sight (LoS) microwave backhaul

Low Frequency Bands (below 11 GHz)• Good propagation characteristics

• Support Long-haul hops(typically 10 - 50 km)– Can minimize sites

• Very important for mobilebroadband deployment– Rural Areas

– Fiber not technically oreconomically feasible.

• Useful for shorter hops withoutline-of-sight

• Ex: sub 6GHz, 11GHz


• Good propagation characteristics

• Support Long-haul hops(typically 10 - 50 km)– Can minimize sites

• Very important for mobilebroadband deployment– Rural Areas

– Fiber not technically oreconomically feasible.

• Useful for shorter hops withoutline-of-sight

• Ex: sub 6GHz, 11GHz

Mid-Range Frequency Bands (11 to 23/30 GHz)• Supporting medium-haul links (typically 8 - 20 km)

• Examples– 13GHz, 18GHz, 23GHz, 24GHz

• Larger RF channel bandwidths possible

• Suitable for IMT and other terrestrial mobile broadband systems inpopulated areas outside dense city centers– Suburbs

– Industrial parks etc.


• Supporting medium-haul links (typically 8 - 20 km)

• Examples– 13GHz, 18GHz, 23GHz, 24GHz

• Larger RF channel bandwidths possible

• Suitable for IMT and other terrestrial mobile broadband systems inpopulated areas outside dense city centers– Suburbs

– Industrial parks etc.

High Frequency Bands (above 23GHz)• Short-haul links (typically < 8 km)

• Offers very large transmission capacity & suitable for– High traffic requirements

– Mobile broadband systems deployed in dense urban areas

• Backhaul traffic Small Cells– Range is small but spectrum reuse capability is high

• Example Bands– 26 & 28 GHz

– 38 & 42 GHz

– 59 - 64 GHz,

– 64 – 66GHz

– 71-76/81-86 GHz

– 92 – 95 GHz


• Short-haul links (typically < 8 km)

• Offers very large transmission capacity & suitable for– High traffic requirements

– Mobile broadband systems deployed in dense urban areas

• Backhaul traffic Small Cells– Range is small but spectrum reuse capability is high

• Example Bands– 26 & 28 GHz

– 38 & 42 GHz

– 59 - 64 GHz,

– 64 – 66GHz

– 71-76/81-86 GHz

– 92 – 95 GHz

Strategies for Regulators• Maximize use of Fiber in Backhaul

– Encourage Sharing

– Competition

– Open & fair pricing

– Incentives to install fiber in less attractive rural areas

• Best use of Wireless (Microwave) Backhaul– Revisit existing Policies & Pricing models

• Low Freq Bands

• Mid-Range Freq Band

• High Freq Bands

– Make sure the correct freq. band is used for the correct application

• Can you impose conditions instead a FEE ??

• Consider NFV, SDN etc.


• Maximize use of Fiber in Backhaul– Encourage Sharing

– Competition

– Open & fair pricing

– Incentives to install fiber in less attractive rural areas

• Best use of Wireless (Microwave) Backhaul– Revisit existing Policies & Pricing models

• Low Freq Bands

• Mid-Range Freq Band

• High Freq Bands

– Make sure the correct freq. band is used for the correct application

• Can you impose conditions instead a FEE ??

• Consider NFV, SDN etc.

Conclusion

• Need a Flexible Backhaul

• Optical Fiber Preferred…….. but Wireless would co-exist– Due to Technical and Financial non-feasibility


• Need a Flexible Backhaul

• Optical Fiber Preferred…….. but Wireless would co-exist– Due to Technical and Financial non-feasibility

Thank You


www.isac.lk

Backhaul with Microwave

Small Cell Sites Microwave Hub Sites Fiber/Microwave Hub site


Wireless Backhaul for 5G - PTA Backhaul for 5G ... by 2020 will be LTE ... Backhaul Fiber? Microwave? Copper? As of Today around the world the Backhaul Cu ...

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