#openbelgium15 #opentourism A community supporting Digital Creativity in Tourism
Mar 20, 2017
#openbelgium15 #opentourism
A community supporting Digital Creativity in Tourism
Cause and contextRaf Buyle - Open Knowledge
@rafke #opentourism
WHAT
IF…Imagine we could use the same services in different places around the world without the need for searching new service providers or new apps...
WHAT
ISInformation often can't be reused without analizing the data or building expensive custom connectors
WHATCOULDBE?
Linked Open Data aims to connect these solitary pieces of information to other data sources on the web.
WHATSHOULDWE DO?
we need more Open Data and a common language for machine readable touristic information.
Joined forces with ‘sustainable mobile tourism guides’, Thomas More - iMinds
shared vision:“Open Standard
for Tourism” VocabularyOntologies are expected to enable
computers to process information “much more effectively in ways that are useful
and meaningful to the human user” (Berners-Lee, Hendler, and Lassila 2001).
User Group 40+ actors: SME’s, NPO’s involved in culture and tourism activities, representatives from
the provinces and of the major cities in Flanders
priorities both as data producer and as data
consumer
“After defining the scope of each sub-
domain we organized working groups. Each group was responsible to work out their sub-domain in detail in terms of domain
modeling”
Data in line with the Open Tourism specifiction
The West Flanders tourism organization was
the first to bring their data inline with the specification
Open Tourism hackathon
🗸 DATA 🗸 TOOLS 🗸 APP’S 🗸 FEEDBACK
http://www.mobielegidsen.be/hackathon/
From ad-hoc activity to a solid community
Our mission is to “support digital creativity concerning tourism" and to host the “Open Standard for Tourism” Vocabulary, which is a reusable Ontology for describing tourism data.
Join the Community Meeting, March 5, 2016 Mechelen
Release Open Tourism Communty Site
● Mailing list● Tools and resources● The Open Standard for Tourism Ecosystems Data Specification ● News on the upcoming events
Join our community! tourism.openknowledge.be
Join our community! tourism.openknowledge.be
Vision and strategy…
● Bring The Open Tourism vocabulary at an international level
● Build a bridge to interoperability programme of the Flemish Government, “Open Standards for Linked Governments”.
● First step - March 3 our work and vision
will be presented at the International e-Gov Conference in Montevideo.
What you really should remember from this talk:
● Semantic collaboration is going to be a cornerstone of the next generation tourism applications
● semantic standards are a katalysator for better services and Open Data.
● The Open Tourism vocabulary exist http://w3id.org/ost/spec
● You’re welcome to join our community!http://tourism.openknowledge.be
Getting started with the Open Tourism Specification
Bruno KoninckxTHOMAS MORE
@brunokon #opentourism
Which domains are covered (for now)?➔ Offering
What? By whom?
➔ AvailabilityWhere? When?
➔ Experience How?
➔ Demand
Offering
Availability
Experience
Demand
AvailabilityDemand
Offering
ExperienceOffering
Demand
Offering
Specificationshttp://w3id.org/ost/spec
Questions, remarks, issues on the domain model and specifications via:
https://github.com/openknowledgebe/tourism/issues
Publising and ConsumingLinked Tourism Data
Anastasia Dimou - iMinds - Data Science Lab
@natadimou #opentourism
RML.ioGenerating High Quality
Linked Open Datafrom Open or Not Data
Anastasia DimouData Science Lab, Ghent University - iMinds
[email protected] @natadimou
What is the Semantic Web?
The Semantic Web is the extension of the World Wide Web
Are you the owner of your data?
OR
is the application that hosts your data?
The Semantic Web is the extension of the World Wide Web
enables sharing content beyond the boundaries of applications & websites
the Web for humans, thanks to HTML,is understandable & constant
BUT
is the Web for machines too?
The Semantic Web is the extension of the World Wide Web
enables sharing content beyond the boundaries of applications & websites
allows machines to understand the meaning of hyperlinked information
Semantic Web enabled applicationsrely on data represented as Linked Data
What is Linked (Open) Data?
Linked (Open) Data
a standardized way of expressing the relationships between data
Linked (Open) Data
a standardized way of expressing the relationships between data
semantically annotated the datawith different vocabularies or ontologies
Linked (Open) Data
a standardized way of expressing the relationships between data
semantically annotated the datawith different vocabularies or ontologies
describe domain-level knowledgeunderstandable by humans & machines
Where does Linked Data come from?
Linked (Open) Data is often derived from originally
heterogeneous (semi-)structured data
Linked Open Data from Not Open Data
Linked Open Data from Not Open Datafrom Open Data
Linked Open Data from Not Open Datafrom Open Datafrom their combination
How is Open Data published?
The DataTankopen source RESTful data management system
The DataTankopen source RESTful data management system
enables publishing data into web readable formats
read the data and publish them on the web using a URI as an identifier.
The DataTanksupported data formats
CSV and XLSXMLJSON(-LD)SHPRDFMySQLSPARQL
How is Linked (Open) Data published?
Linked (Open) Data published in the form of RDF datasets
Resource Description Framework (RDF)is the prevalent data model for describing Linked (Open) Data
Resource Description Framework (RDF)is the prevalent data model for describing Linked (Open) Data
predicatesubject object
Resource Description Framework (RDF)is the prevalent data model for describing Linked (Open) Data
driven by unique identifiers (URIs)
predicatesubject object
Resource Description Framework (RDF)is the prevalent data model for describing Linked (Open) Data
driven by unique identifiers (URIs)allows establishing a shared meaning
predicatesubject object
How is Linked Data derived from (semi-)structured data?
How is Linked Data derivedfrom (semi-)structured data?
id firstname lastname lab city1 Anastasia Dimou DSLab Ghent
2 Ruben Verborgh DSLab Ghent
3 Erik Mannens DSLab Ghent
labelPerson 1 Data Science Labworks
“Anastasia Dimou”
locatedDataScience Lab Ghent
label
Person 2 Data Science Labworks
“Ruben Verborgh”
label
Person 3 DataScience Labworks
“Erik Mannens”
label
Person {id}
{lab}works
Assign unique identifiers (URIs)
“{firstname} {surname}”
label
Person {id}
{lab}works
Assign unique identifiers (URIs)
“{firstname} {surname}”
labelhttp:://
ex.com{id}
http://ex.com{lab}works
“{firstname} {surname}”
Annotate data relationships with ontologies
labelhttp:://
ex.com{id}
http://ex.com{lab}works
“{firstname} {surname}”
Annotate data relationships with ontologies
labelhttp:://
ex.com{id}
http://ex.com{lab}works
“{firstname} {surname}”
rdfs:labelhttp:://
ex.com{id}
http://ex.com{lab}ex:works
“{firstname} {surname}”
rdfs:label
ex:1 ex:DSLabex:works
“Anastasia Dimou”
ex:locatedex:DSLab ex:Ghent
rdfs:label
ex:2 ex:DSLabex:works
“Ruben Verborgh”
rdfs:label
ex:3 ex:DSLabex:works
“Erik Mannens”
rdfs:label
ex:{id}
ex:{lab}
ex:works
ex:locatedex:{lab} ex:{city}
sets of triples of a dataset have repetitive patterns
“{firstname} {surname}”
rdfs:label
ex:{id}
ex:{lab}
ex:works
sets of triples of a dataset have repetitive patterns
“{firstname} {surname}”
RDF dataset generation tools rely their implementation on repetitively applying those patterns to input data
ex:locatedex:{lab} ex:{city}
What are the different Linked Data Generation approaches?
Linked Data generation approachescase-specific solutions
Linked Data generation approachescase-specific solutions ORformat and source specific
Data OWNER / PUBLISHER
CSV JSONXML
RDF RDF RDF
R2RML mappings R2RML processor
Data OWNER / PUBLISHER
defines
RDF
DB CSV JSONXML
RDF RDF RDF
RDF Terms (focusing on IRIs) are…
generated independentlydisregarding their possible prior definitions
manually replicatedby reconstructing the same URIs (if possible)
manually aligned afterwardslinks with other datasets are defined after the RDF terms are published
Why not a uniform approach?
Uniform and declarative RDF generation from heterogeneous data sources
mappings processor
Data OWNER / PUBLISHER
defines
RDF
DB CSV JSONXML RDF
RDF Mapping Language (RML)
generic scalable mapping languagefor generating and interlinking RDF data from heterogeneous resourcesin an integrable and interoperable fashion
superset of the W3C standardized R2RML mapping language
http://rml.io
Uniform and declarative RDF generation from heterogeneous data sources
RML mappings processor
Data OWNER / PUBLISHER
defines
RDF
DB CSV JSONXML RDF
Defining Mappings to generate Linked Data
Retrieving Input Data
Editing Mappings
Defining Mappings to generate Linked Data
Retrieving Input Data
Editing Mappings
RML describeshow to generated RDFfrom structured data
predicatesubject object
RML describeshow to generated RDFfrom structured data
predicatesubject object
Predicate MapSubject Map Object Map
RML describeshow to generated RDFfrom structured data
predicatesubject object
Predicate MapSubject Map Object Map
<#TriplesMap>
rr:constant
rdfs:label
rr:constant ex:works
rr:constantex:located
rr:template “http://ex.com/{lab}” rr:template “http://ex.com/{city}”
rr:template “http://ex.com/{id}”
rr:template “http://ex.com/{lab}”
rr:template “{firstname} {surname}”rr:termType rr:Literal
RDF Mapping Language (RML)
@prefix rr: <http://www.w3.org/ns/r2rml#>
rr:constant
rdfs:label
rr:constant ex:works
rr:constant ex:locatedrr:template “http://ex.com/{lab}” rr:template “http://ex.com/{city}”
rr:template “http://ex.com/{id}”
rr:template “http://ex.com/{lab}”
<#ResearcherMap>
<#LabMap>
rr:template “{firstname} {surname}”rr:termType rr:Literal
RDF Mapping Language (RML)
Extraction Module Mapping Module
RML Processor
Defining Mappings to generate Linked Data
Editing Mappings
Retrieving Input Data
RML describesrules to map any structured data to RDF
RML supports any data independently ofwhich structure and format they havewhere they originally residehow they are accessed & retrieved
Specifying datawhich data form a data inputhow to reference data input extracts
Accessing & Retrieving datadata input from original source(s)
Specifying datawhich data form a data inputhow to reference data input extracts
Accessing & Retrieving datadata input from original source(s)
Support data in Heterogeneous Structurestabular-structured
hierarchical-structured
(semi-)structured
… … …
Support data in Heterogeneous Structures and Formatstabular-structured
tables in DBs or CSV files …
hierarchical-structured JSON or XML …
(semi-)structuredHTML …
… … …
rr:constant
rdfs:label
rr:constant ex:works
rr:template “http://ex.com/{id}”
rr:template “http://ex.com/{lab}”
<#ResearcherMap> rr:template “{firstname} {surname}”rr:termType rr:Literal
id firstname surname lab1 Anastasia Dimou DSLab
2 Ruben Verborgh DSLab
3 Erik Mannens DSLab
tabular-structured data
rr:constant ex:locatedrr:template “http://ex.com/{/labs/lab/short}”
rr:template “http://ex.com/{/labs/lab/location/city}”
<#LabMap>
<labs> <lab> <short>MMLab</short> <title>Multimedia Lab</title> <location> <city>Ghent</city> </location> </lab> <lab> …. </lab> …</labs>
hierarchical-structured data
Specifying datawhich data form a data inputhow to reference data input extracts
Accessing & Retrieving datadata input from original source(s)
Input data
Input data
Input data
Output RDF
Mapping module
RML Processor
Map doc
Data source
Access interface
Input data
Input data
Input data
Output RDF
Mapping module
RML Processor
Map doc
Data source
Access interface
Data source
Access interface
Retrieval module
Source description
Support different Locations and Access InterfacesLocal File(s)
Database connectivity
Web source(s)
RDF source(s)
Support different Locations and Access InterfacesLocal File(s)
Database connectivityD2RQ
Web source(s) (Web API/service)DCAT, CSVW, Hydra, VOiD (Dataset)
RDF source(s)VOiD (Endpoint), SPARQL-SD
file.xml
WEB APIDCAT
XML data
JSON data
tabular data
Output RDF
Mapping module
RML Processor
Map doc
Data repo
WEB API Hydra
Data base
JDBCD2RQ
Retrieval module
Source description
Triplestore
SPARQL
Defining Mappings to generate Linked Data
Retrieving Input Data
Editing Mappings
Semantic Web experts Vs. Data specialists
Semantic Web experts Vs. Data specialists
Modeling Domain Knowledge as Linked (Open) Data is not straightforward for Data Specialists
Semantic Web experts Vs. Data specialists
Modeling Domain Knowledge as Linked (Open) Data is not straightforward for Data Specialists
Data context is not straightforward for Semantic Web experts
Semantic Web experts Vs. Data specialists
Data Specialists should be able to specify the mappings,modify and extend them at any time
Defining Mappings to generate Linked Data
Editing Mappings
Retrieving Input Data
The five stars of the Linked Open Data schemeshould not be approached as a set of consecutive steps
Well-considered policy regarding mapping and interlinking of data in the context of a certain knowledge domain
GEO > OPEN
Geraldine Nolf Flemish Information Agency
@natadimou #opentourism
> Geographical data in Flanders▪ Must follow its obligations, regulations, standards, …
> F.e. SDI-Flanders partnership (decree, implementing decree, commandments, …)
> MUST’s for describing metadata:
▪ ISO > 19115 (datasets/series), 19119 (services), 19139 (implementation), 19110 (feature catalogue)
▪ INSPIRE > Directive: Implementing Rules on Metadata + Technical Guidelines on Metadata
▪ SDI-Flanders > Best Practices on Metadata v1.0 (metadata for datasets, dataset series, services, feature catalogues)
▪ OGC / INSPIRE> Catalogue Service for the Web (OGC Catalogue Services Specification 2.0.2) = Discovery Service (INSPIRE) =
Zoekdienst (SDI-Flanders)
> Geoportal: http://www.geopunt.be
The way to open geographical data in Flanders?
Geo > Open 109
> Open data Portal in Flanders:▪SHOULD follow its manual
> SHOULD HAVE’s for describing metadata: ▪DCAT-AP
> Portal: http://opendata.vlaanderen.be/ ▪CKAN
The way to open geographical data in Flanders?
Geo > Open 110
> So, do I have to describe my data on both portals?
> The power of metadata: ▪Describe it only once, ▪Create multiple use
The way to open geographical data in Flanders?
Geo > Open 111
1
The way to open geographical data in Flanders?
Geo > Open 112
> Follow the SDI-track to describe metadata (MUST)▪Appear on http://www.geopunt.be▪AND appear on http://opendata.vlaanderen.be/
> Because of:▪ Set keyword “Open data in Flanders” in the metadata record
▪ Via CSW harvest of Geopunt metadata
▪ With filter on keyword “Open data in Flanders”
▪ Mapping to DCAT (XSLT: ISO 19139 to DCAT)
▪ Mapping to CKAN
Geo > Open 113
Open Discussion
Bruno KoninckxTHOMAS MORE
@brunokon #opentourism
Open Discussion
Anastasia@natadimou
Raf@rafke
Bruno@BrunoKon
Join our community! http://tourism.openknowledge.be
#opentourism |raf{dot}buyle{at}okfn{dot}be
A world where knowledge creates power for the many, not the few.A world where data frees us — to make informed choices about how we live, what we buy and who gets our vote.A world where information and insights are accessible — and apparent — to everyone.This is the world we choose
#openbelgium16 #opentourism