October 21, 2014. Empire: Extension of political rule by one people over other peoples. Unifying diverse people under one common rule hierarchy of.

October 21, 2014

Empire: Extension of political rule by one people over other peoples.

Unifying diverse people under one common rulehierarchy of subjects

What do you need to build an Empire?

Means of Communication and Transportation:

Vast markets Ports & Dock yards Roads

System of Administration:

Uniform:LanguageCurrencyMeasurementsLegal system

Collects taxes

Two types of Empires

Hegemony- impositions of foreign government by consent

Dominance-imposition of foreign government by force.

Empires are not staticThey rise & fall

Causes to Fall: Failure of leadership Overextension of

Administration Collapse of the economy Doubts over ideology Military defeat

OCTOBER 22, 2014

Earliest Empires:

AKKADIANS Sargon (2334-2279) Mesopotamia 2350 Arabian Peninsula Sargon I conquered cities from the

Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean Capital city Agade (Akkad)

Government Administration

Administration Tablets of Akkad Dynasty

“Sons of Akkad” Akkad Language Standardized Measurements in

length, area, dry & liquid quantities

Sumerian culture was strong enough to influence even their conquerors.

Waves of Invaders:A. Babylonian Empire:

Hammurabi (1792 – 1750)Admin. Network lasted 250 years

B. Hittites (Indo-Europeans)2 wheeled chariotsIron workingsConquered Babylonian Empire scuffles with Egypt

Assyrian Empire “A City Bathed in Blood”A. Defeated areas of Palestine, Babylonia & Egypt

I. Assyria acquired a large empire between 850-650 b.c.eB. Accomplished by Military organization and state of the art weapons

II. Origins

A. From Northern MesopotamiaA1. Geography

B. Developed warlike behavior to fight off attacks

C. Empire from East and North of the Tigris River through central Egypt

The Assyrian EmpireThe Assyrian Empire

III. Military Organization and Conquest

A. Society glorified military strengthA2. Weapons- Iron swords ,

iron pointed spears, archers, iron shields

SIEGE WARFARE

AND TERROR!!!!!

Assyrian Military Power

Assyrian Military Power

Assyrian soldiers carrying away the enemy’s

gods.

Assyrian soldiers carrying away the enemy’s

gods.

C. Captured Cities- Assyrians showed no mercy to people they captured

C1. Bounty on peoples heads- reward for the heads of enemy soldiers

C2. Enslaved or killed people of the city they captured

IV. Governing Lands

A. Assyrian officials governed area closest to AssyriaA1. Assyrian Capital was established at Nineveh

B. Chose rulers to govern areas conquered, armies protected the new areas

C. New lands brought taxes and tribute to Assyria

Nineveh

V. Empire Crumbles

A. Assyrian’s brutality created many enemies

B. 612 b.c.e combined armies of Medes and Chaldeans burned Nineveh to the ground.

Assyrian Achievements

Library of Nineveh, which had more than 20,000 cuneiform tablets, which were collected across the empire – one being the Epic of Gilgamesh

Babylon under the Chaldeans

Babylon under the Chaldeans

Neo-Babylonian Empire Nebuchadrezzar expanded the empire He conquered Syria and part of Canaan.

He exported the Egyptians and Hebrews from their lands.

He created gardens for his palace now know as the Hanging Gardens of Babylon

Neo-Babylonians

They created the first sundial The tower of babel is associated with

Etemenaki, a ziggurat built by Nabopolassar

The Neo-Babylonian empire lasted from 612-539 BCE

Nebuchadnezzar II’s Babylon

Nebuchadnezzar II’s Babylon

Ishtar Gate

Ishtar Gate

Hanging Gardensof Babylon

Hanging Gardensof Babylon

Aim: Egyptian EmpireDo Now: How is Egypt

different than Mesopotamia?

I. Middle Kingdom(2000-1650 b.c.e.)

A. Conquered by NubiaB. 2nd Intermediate Period (1650-

1550 b.c.e)

B1. Immigrant Semitic group- HYKSOS ruled lower EgyptIntroduced Bronze making tech.Horse & Chariot

II. New Kingdom (1550- 1070 b.c.e.)A. Ran out the Hyksos into Palestine

A1. Became involved w/ the Middle EastA2. Lead to their Imperial Presence

B. Thutmmosis I (1504-1492 b.c.e.)B1. Created Egypt's greatest Historical Empire

- B2. Further into Nubia- B3. North East to the Euphrates River

C. Syria & Palestine were independent, but paid taxes to the Empire

D. Egyptian concerns- taxes, raw materials & trade opportunities

III. The Art of Palace & TempleA. Ramses II (1279- 1213

b.c.e.)A1. Constructed one of the greatest temples

B. Hatshepsut (1473- 1458) 1st of 4 FEMALE pharaohs Widow- served in place of her

stepson Declared herself “king” Depicted as a man Pyramid near Thebes- dedicated

to Amon

C. Amenhotep IV (Akhenaten)

(1352-1336 b.c.e.)

Changed his name Adapted Monotheism Moved the Capital 200 mi.

North into the Desert

Queen Nefertiti“The most beautiful woman in the world”

IV. Egyptian Control EndsA. Ended around 1200 b.c.e.

* trade continuedB. Series of Defeats pushed it back

with in the NileC. Egypt in some areas were

conquered by the Nubians, Assyrians, Persians, Greeks & Romans

KINGDOM OF KUSH NUBIA

Important source of trade foods for Egypt, was under Egyptian control

Rise of KushAfter the fall of the New Kingdom- Nubia becomes

Independent as the State of Kush750- Kush conquers Egypt.

Kush- Trading StateOriginally based on farmingIron Ore- iron weapons, tools fore exportTraded- Africa, Roman Empire, Arabia, & India

DeclineDriven out of Egypt by Assyrians in 750Rise of the state of Axum- Ethiopia