Occupational Health & Safety in POWER SYSTEMS [Compatibility Mode]

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT IN POWER SAFETY MANAGEMENT IN POWER

SYSTEM OPERATIONSSYSTEM OPERATIONS

SAFETY MOMENTSAFETY MOMENTRegistration & Sign InRegistration & Sign In

No SmokingNo Smoking

RestroomsRestrooms

House KeepingHouse Keeping

EmergencyEmergency

Installation of high voltage distribution andInstallation of high voltage distribution andtransmission equipment has increasedtransmission equipment has increasedsignificantly over the years due to ongoing globalsignificantly over the years due to ongoing globaldemand for power. demand for power.

As a result, the need to ensure the reliability of operation of As a result, the need to ensure the reliability of operation of power systems is paramount.power systems is paramount.

Power transformers are among the most important and most Power transformers are among the most important and most expensive components of power systems, their failure can imposeexpensive components of power systems, their failure can imposeextraordinarily high costs on plants, factories and utilities of all extraordinarily high costs on plants, factories and utilities of all descriptions.descriptions.

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

It is critical that all personnel operating and working with such It is critical that all personnel operating and working with such equipment have a sound knowledge of their operational requirements equipment have a sound knowledge of their operational requirements and maintenance.and maintenance.

Competence must be complete, based on two principles:Competence must be complete, based on two principles:

‘‘Work if know’Work if know’ Knowledge and experience of electrica1 work;Knowledge and experience of electrica1 work; Familiarity and understanding of the installation on which work Familiarity and understanding of the installation on which work

is to be carried out and practical experience of that work;is to be carried out and practical experience of that work; Understanding of the technical and environmental hazards which Understanding of the technical and environmental hazards which

can arise during the specific work and the precautions to be can arise during the specific work and the precautions to be observed;observed;‘‘Know if have to work’Know if have to work’ Ability to recognize at all times whether it is safe to continue work Ability to recognize at all times whether it is safe to continue work

and to stop such activities when safety conditions are not adequate.and to stop such activities when safety conditions are not adequate.

Introduction ContinuesIntroduction Continues

HAZARD:HAZARD:Source, situation, or act with a potential for harm in terms of human Source, situation, or act with a potential for harm in terms of human injury or injury or ill health , or a combination of these (OHSAS 18001:2007)ill health , or a combination of these (OHSAS 18001:2007)

INCIDENT:INCIDENT:WorkWork--related event(s) in which an injury or ill health (regardlessrelated event(s) in which an injury or ill health (regardlessof severity) or fatality occurred, or could have occurred (OHSAS 18001:2007)of severity) or fatality occurred, or could have occurred (OHSAS 18001:2007)

ACCIDENT:ACCIDENT:Is any unplanned, undesired event that results in personal injury or in property Is any unplanned, undesired event that results in personal injury or in property damagedamage

NEAR MISS:NEAR MISS:Describe incidents where, given a slight shift in time or distance, injury, illDescribe incidents where, given a slight shift in time or distance, injury, ill--health or health or damage could have occurred, but did not.damage could have occurred, but did not.

KEY SAFETY TERMSKEY SAFETY TERMS

.

No one wants to see someone hurt…. Safety comes with a price, At No one wants to see someone hurt…. Safety comes with a price, At times the price is someone's lifetimes the price is someone's life

ACCIDENT CONCEPTACCIDENT CONCEPT

HAZARD + EXPOSURE = ACCIDENTHAZARD + EXPOSURE = ACCIDENT

ACCIDENT PREVENTION : ACCIDENT PREVENTION : MoralMoralLegal Legal EconomicEconomicCorporate ImageCorporate Image

UNSAFE ACTS and UNSAFE CONDITIONSUNSAFE ACTS and UNSAFE CONDITIONS

UNSAFE ACTS AND CONDITIONSUNSAFE ACTS AND CONDITIONS

UNSAFE ACTSUNSAFE ACTS Using equipment in the Using equipment in the

wrong way or for the wrong way or for the wrong taskwrong task

Failure to wear Failure to wear protective equipmentprotective equipment

HorseplayHorseplay Failure to warn others Failure to warn others

of dangerof danger

UNSAFE CONDITIONSUNSAFE CONDITIONS Fire hazards, excessive Fire hazards, excessive

amounts of flammable amounts of flammable materialsmaterials

Defective tools or Defective tools or equipmentequipment

Inadequate Inadequate housekeeping, housekeeping, walkways blocked, walkways blocked, materials incorrectly materials incorrectly storedstored

Taking Shortcuts: Short cut cuts life shortTaking Shortcuts: Short cut cuts life shortBeing Over Confident: Confidence is a good thing. Being Over Confident: Confidence is a good thing. Overconfidence is too much of a good thing. "It'll never Overconfidence is too much of a good thing. "It'll never happen to me" is an attitude that can lead to improper happen to me" is an attitude that can lead to improper procedures, tools, or methods in your work. procedures, tools, or methods in your work. Starting a Task with Incomplete Instructions: To do the job Starting a Task with Incomplete Instructions: To do the job safely and right the first time you need complete safely and right the first time you need complete information. information. procedures and safety precautions. It isn't dumb to ask procedures and safety precautions. It isn't dumb to ask questions; it's dumb not toquestions; it's dumb not toPoor House Poor House keeping:Housekeepingkeeping:Housekeeping is an accurate indicator is an accurate indicator of everyone's attitude about quality, production and safetyof everyone's attitude about quality, production and safetyIgnoring Safety Procedures: Purposely failing to observe Ignoring Safety Procedures: Purposely failing to observe safety procedures can endanger you and your cosafety procedures can endanger you and your co--workers. workers. Being "casual" about safety can lead to a casualty!Being "casual" about safety can lead to a casualty!Mental Distractions from WorkMental Distractions from WorkFailure to PreFailure to Pre--Plan the Work:Plan the Work:"It is better to be careful 100 times than to get killed once.”"It is better to be careful 100 times than to get killed once.”

CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS continueCAUSES OF ACCIDENTS continue

Hazard

Threat

Threatcontrol

Task People

RecoveryHazardous

event

Location/operation

HEMP ProcessHEMP Process

Risk AssessmentRisk Assessment

Consequence

Competence

PerformancemeasuresActivity to

control riskStandardsprocedures

MANAGING ELECTRICAL HAZARDSMANAGING ELECTRICAL HAZARDS

Red : Red : Prohibitive Prohibitive (Must not do)(Must not do)Blue : Blue : Mandatory Mandatory (Must do)(Must do)Yellow : Yellow : Caution Caution (Hazard warning)(Hazard warning)Green: Green: Safe Condition Safe Condition (The Safe Way)(The Safe Way)

HAZARD COMMUNICATIONHAZARD COMMUNICATION

Safety Signage and BarricadesSafety Signage and Barricades Safety MeetingsSafety Meetings Safety TrainingsSafety Trainings Emergency AlarmsEmergency Alarms MSDS MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheets)(Material Safety Data Sheets) Safety Handbook and Leaflets/PostersSafety Handbook and Leaflets/Posters

PREFERENCEPREFERENCE CONTROL CONTROL

11. (Most. (Most EffectiveEffective)) Elimination Elimination

2.2. SubstitutionSubstitution

3.3. Isolation Isolation

4.4. EngineeringEngineering

5.5. AdministrativeAdministrative

66. (Least Effective). (Least Effective) Personal Protective EquipmentPersonal Protective Equipment

HAZARD CONTROL HIERACHYHAZARD CONTROL HIERACHY

Examples of PPEExamples of PPE

Eye safety glasses, gogglesFace face shieldsHead hard hats

Feet safety Footwear

Hands and arms gloves

Bodies Vests, Coveralls

Hearing earplugs, earmuffs

Body Part Protection

The best PPE in the world is useless unless you know how to use and care for it!The best PPE in the world is useless unless you know how to use and care for it!

SAFETYSAFETY--RELATED WORK PRACTICESRELATED WORK PRACTICES Carry out inspections with reference to the required Carry out inspections with reference to the required

electrical drawings and specifications, This should be done by electrical drawings and specifications, This should be done by skilled persons with experience in the inspection of similar skilled persons with experience in the inspection of similar installations;installations;

Instruct personnel and train them on the installation . They Instruct personnel and train them on the installation . They should be instructed on how to maintain tools, equipment and should be instructed on how to maintain tools, equipment and devices in good working order and how to verify this before devices in good working order and how to verify this before working;working;

Use barriers and guards to prevent passage through areas of Use barriers and guards to prevent passage through areas of exposed energized equipmentexposed energized equipment

If signs and barricades do not provide sufficient warning and If signs and barricades do not provide sufficient warning and protection from electrical hazards, an attendant shall be protection from electrical hazards, an attendant shall be stationed to warn and protect employees.stationed to warn and protect employees.

Use safety signs, safety symbols, or accident prevention tags to Use safety signs, safety symbols, or accident prevention tags to warn others about electrical hazards which may endanger warn others about electrical hazards which may endanger themthem

Keep working spaces and walkways clear of cordsKeep working spaces and walkways clear of cords

Electrical Hazard Planning: Electrical Hazard Planning:

Plan your work with others; Plan to avoid falls, Plan to Plan your work with others; Plan to avoid falls, Plan to locklock--out and tagout and tag--out equipmentout equipment

Perform required Job debriefings (TBT)Perform required Job debriefings (TBT)

Remove jewelryRemove jewelry

Avoid wet conditions and overhead power linesAvoid wet conditions and overhead power lines

DeDe--energize electric equipment before inspecting or energize electric equipment before inspecting or repairingrepairing

Using cords, cables, and electric tools that are in good Using cords, cables, and electric tools that are in good conditioncondition

LockOutLockOut / Tag Out (LOTO) recognition and / Tag Out (LOTO) recognition and proceduresprocedures

Use appropriate protective equipmentUse appropriate protective equipment

Establish the necessary safety distance at the work site Establish the necessary safety distance at the work site and inform the work team of the nearest work position and inform the work team of the nearest work position that is allowed.that is allowed.

SAFETYSAFETY--RELATED WORK PRACTICES continueRELATED WORK PRACTICES continue

HAND AND POWER TOOL SAFETYHAND AND POWER TOOL SAFETY

The greatest hazards posed by hand tools result from misuse and improper maintenanceThe greatest hazards posed by hand tools result from misuse and improper maintenance

POWER TOOLSPOWER TOOLS

Tool Safety Tips Tool Safety Tips Never carry a tool by the cord. Never yank the cord to disconnect it from the receptacle. Never carry a tool by the cord. Never yank the cord to disconnect it from the receptacle. Keep cords away from heat, oil, and sharp edges (including the cutting surface of a power Keep cords away from heat, oil, and sharp edges (including the cutting surface of a power

saw or drill). saw or drill). Disconnect tools when not in use, before servicing, and when changing accessories such Disconnect tools when not in use, before servicing, and when changing accessories such

as blades, bits, etc. as blades, bits, etc. Avoid accidental starting. Do not hold fingers on the switch button while carrying a Avoid accidental starting. Do not hold fingers on the switch button while carrying a

pluggedplugged--in tool. in tool. Use gloves and appropriate safety footwear when using electric tools. Use gloves and appropriate safety footwear when using electric tools. Store electric tools in a dry place when not in use. Store electric tools in a dry place when not in use. Do not use electric tools in damp or wet locations unless they are approved for that Do not use electric tools in damp or wet locations unless they are approved for that

purpose. purpose. Keep work areas well lighted when operating electric tools. Keep work areas well lighted when operating electric tools. Ensure that cords from electric tools do not present a tripping hazard. Ensure that cords from electric tools do not present a tripping hazard. Remove all damaged portable electric tools from use and tag them: "Do Not Use." Remove all damaged portable electric tools from use and tag them: "Do Not Use." Use DoubleUse Double--Insulated Tools. Insulated Tools. Follow Manufacturer’s Instruction and guidelines Follow Manufacturer’s Instruction and guidelines

Power tools are very common in Installation of Power systems. Therefore, Power tools are very common in Installation of Power systems. Therefore, workers are constantly exposed to a variety of hazards. The very tool that workers are constantly exposed to a variety of hazards. The very tool that makes their job easy and efficient may one day be the cause of a tragic makes their job easy and efficient may one day be the cause of a tragic accident. It is good to be reminded of commonaccident. It is good to be reminded of common--sense safety practices. sense safety practices.

RISK ASSESSMENTRISK ASSESSMENT

Risk Assessment is a systematic procedure for describing Risk Assessment is a systematic procedure for describing and quantifying the risk associated with hazardous and quantifying the risk associated with hazardous substance, process, action or event. substance, process, action or event.

It is an important tool in HSE MSIt is an important tool in HSE MS

Risk assessment is the process of:Risk assessment is the process of:

IIdentifdentifyingying hazards,hazards,

AnalysingAnalysing / / evaluatevaluatinging the associated riskthe associated risk

DDeterminingetermining appropriate ways to eliminate or control the appropriate ways to eliminate or control the

hazardhazard

Identify HazardsIdentify Hazards

Decide who and what might Decide who and what might be harmed and howbe harmed and how

Evaluate and control the Evaluate and control the RisksRisks

Record findings and Record findings and Implement themImplement them

Review and update Review and update Assessment if necessaryAssessment if necessary

5 STEPS TO RISK ASSESSMENT5 STEPS TO RISK ASSESSMENT

HSE TOOL: HSE TOOL: Job Hazard Analysis (JHA)Job Hazard Analysis (JHA)

JHA is a method for systematically identifying and evaluating hazards JHA is a method for systematically identifying and evaluating hazards associated with a particular job or task.associated with a particular job or task.

It is the Application of the It is the Application of the Hazards and Effects Management ProcessHazards and Effects Management Processat the TASK LEVELat the TASK LEVEL

It is the heart of a proactive occupational safety and health It is the heart of a proactive occupational safety and health programme which if properly applied, will ensure that safety and health programme which if properly applied, will ensure that safety and health of employees is fully considered during the planning stages of a project or of employees is fully considered during the planning stages of a project or activity. activity.

It focuses on the relationship between the worker, the task, the tools It focuses on the relationship between the worker, the task, the tools and the work environment.and the work environment.

It is also called “Job Safety Analysis (JSA)”.It is also called “Job Safety Analysis (JSA)”.

BENEFITS OF JOB HAZARD ANALYSISBENEFITS OF JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) can prevent workJob Hazard Analysis (JHA) can prevent work--related death, related death,

injuries or illnesses by eliminating or controlling identified hazards injuries or illnesses by eliminating or controlling identified hazards because it Proactively identifies hazards and prescribes action to because it Proactively identifies hazards and prescribes action to take for each hazardtake for each hazard

It Increases employee hazard recognition and awareness and It Increases employee hazard recognition and awareness and standardises operations based on acceptable safe practicesstandardises operations based on acceptable safe practices

It reduces the potential for errors and have been proven to It reduces the potential for errors and have been proven to enhance overall Safety Performanceenhance overall Safety Performance

It It Increases communication among employee thereby boosting Increases communication among employee thereby boosting their morale and improves productivitytheir morale and improves productivity

It allows formal documentation of employee’s knowledge of the job It allows formal documentation of employee’s knowledge of the job requirements and helps standardise and update common job requirements and helps standardise and update common job tasks/processestasks/processes

It serves as an excellent “safety training” toolIt serves as an excellent “safety training” tool

Application of JHAApplication of JHA New tasks or task introducing new New tasks or task introducing new work work methods.methods.

NonNon--routine tasks or oneroutine tasks or one--off taskoff task

Routine tasks:Routine tasks: With Potential for serious With Potential for serious incidentsincidents With a history of incidents or Near With a history of incidents or Near

missesmisses In unusual circumstances / In unusual circumstances /

environmentenvironment

How do We conduct a JHA?How do We conduct a JHA? Identify the job or task to be Identify the job or task to be analysedanalysed..

Break the job or task into key components.Break the job or task into key components.

Identify the hazards found in each key component.Identify the hazards found in each key component.

Put control measures for the identified hazards.Put control measures for the identified hazards.

Keep a record of the hazards identified and steps taken to Keep a record of the hazards identified and steps taken to control them including recovery measurescontrol them including recovery measures

Periodically assess controls to ensure they are working Periodically assess controls to ensure they are working correctly. correctly.

The best Job Hazard Analyses are those that are focused, complete, clearly The best Job Hazard Analyses are those that are focused, complete, clearly documented, communicated to employees, and implemented.documented, communicated to employees, and implemented.

Usually a Usually a Team EffortTeam Effort involving at least 3 to 5 persons involving at least 3 to 5 persons

Leader with Job Technical CompetenceLeader with Job Technical Competence

Front Line SupervisorsFront Line Supervisors

All affected personnelAll affected personnel

Competent PersonsCompetent Persons

Who Performs JHA ?Who Performs JHA ?

Greater job complexity requires higher team competenceGreater job complexity requires higher team competence

FORM TEAMSFORM TEAMS

Elect Elect a team leadera team leader Select Select a spokespersona spokesperson Everyone Everyone is a recorderis a recorder

Let’s get to work!Let’s get to work!

Outline Of JHA ProcessOutline Of JHA ProcessInitiate the JHA:Initiate the JHA:

Identify the scopeIdentify the scopeand JHA objectivesand JHA objectives

Break down task intoBreak down task intobasic stepsbasic steps

For each step:For each step:

Identify hazards andIdentify hazards andthreatsthreats

Define controls and Define controls and recovery measuresrecovery measures

Assess hazardAssess hazardpotentialpotential

Record resultsRecord resultsSummarise:Summarise:••the task stepsthe task steps••hazardshazards••controls and recovery measurescontrols and recovery measures

SUMMARY SUMMARY –– HAZARDS & PROTECTIONSHAZARDS & PROTECTIONS

HazardsHazards Inadequate wiringInadequate wiring Exposed electrical partsExposed electrical parts Wires with bad insulationWires with bad insulation Ungrounded electrical systems and Ungrounded electrical systems and

toolstools Overloaded circuitsOverloaded circuits Damaged power tools and Damaged power tools and

equipmentequipment Using the wrong PPE and toolsUsing the wrong PPE and tools Overhead Overhead powerlinespowerlines All hazards are made worse in wet All hazards are made worse in wet

conditionsconditions

Protective MeasuresProtective Measures

•• Proper groundingProper grounding

•• Use Use fuses and circuit fuses and circuit breakersbreakers

•• Guard live partsGuard live parts

•• Lockout/Lockout/TagoutTagout

•• Proper use of flexible Proper use of flexible cordscords

•• Close electric panelsClose electric panels

•• TrainingTraining

SAFESAFE:: SITE MANAGEMENT APPROACHSITE MANAGEMENT APPROACH

SSpot the Hazardspot the Hazards

AAssess the Riskssess the Risk

FFix the Problemix the Problem

EEvaluate Resultvaluate Result

HAZARD AWARENESSHAZARD AWARENESS

31

AN ACCIDENT SCENERIOAN ACCIDENT SCENERIO

….On August 23, 1994, a 32 year….On August 23, 1994, a 32 year--old male old male groundmangroundmandied when he contacted 1,000 volts of electricity as a died when he contacted 1,000 volts of electricity as a newly installed transformer was temporarily energized for newly installed transformer was temporarily energized for testing. testing. He was part of a threeHe was part of a three--man crew that was upgrading an man crew that was upgrading an existing electrical distribution system………. existing electrical distribution system……….

Coincident or Not ?Coincident or Not ?If,If,

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y ZA B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Equals,Equals,

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 261 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

Then,Then,K + N + O + W + L + E + D + G + EK + N + O + W + L + E + D + G + E11 + 14 + 15 + 23 + 12 + 5 + 4 + 7 + 5 = 96%11 + 14 + 15 + 23 + 12 + 5 + 4 + 7 + 5 = 96%

H + A + R + D + W + O + R + KH + A + R + D + W + O + R + K8 + 1 + 18 + 4 + 23 + 15 + 18 + 11 = 98%8 + 1 + 18 + 4 + 23 + 15 + 18 + 11 = 98%

Both are important, but the total falls just short of 100%Both are important, but the total falls just short of 100%

But,But,A + T + T + I + T + U + D + EA + T + T + I + T + U + D + E1 + 20 + 20 + 9 + 20 + 21 + 4 + 5 = 100%1 + 20 + 20 + 9 + 20 + 21 + 4 + 5 = 100%

Safety really is about Safety really is about ATTITUDE. ATTITUDE. Make 100% Safe Behavior your choice both ON and OFF the jobMake 100% Safe Behavior your choice both ON and OFF the job

100%100%

ATTITUDEATTITUDE

The longer I live, the more I realize the impact “Attitude” has on life.The longer I live, the more I realize the impact “Attitude” has on life.

Attitude, to me, is more important than facts. It is more important than Attitude, to me, is more important than facts. It is more important than the past, than education, than money, than circumstances, than the past, than education, than money, than circumstances, than failures, than successes, than what other people think or say or do. failures, than successes, than what other people think or say or do.

It is more important than appearance, giftedness or skill. It will make or It is more important than appearance, giftedness or skill. It will make or break a company, a church, a mosque or a home. break a company, a church, a mosque or a home.

The remarkable thing is we have a choice everyday regarding the The remarkable thing is we have a choice everyday regarding the attitude we will embrace. We cannot change our past, we cannot attitude we will embrace. We cannot change our past, we cannot change the fact that people will act in a certain way, we cannot change the fact that people will act in a certain way, we cannot change the inevitable. change the inevitable.

The only thing we can do is plan on the one string we have, and that is The only thing we can do is plan on the one string we have, and that is our attitude. Life is 10% of what happens to me and 90% how I react to our attitude. Life is 10% of what happens to me and 90% how I react to it…we are in charge of our…ATTITUDE. it…we are in charge of our…ATTITUDE.

….Charles ….Charles SwindollSwindoll

You have to be You have to be willing to do what it willing to do what it takes takes NOTNOT to be a to be a victim.victim.

NO ONE can keep NO ONE can keep you safe but YOU!you safe but YOU!

This requires effort This requires effort and thought on and thought on YOUR PART.YOUR PART.

…Your attitude…Your attitude

C:\Users\jame\Desktop\VIDEO\Video of Work

The point is….The point is…. TAKE THE EFFORTTAKE THE EFFORT TAKE THE TIMETAKE THE TIME DO WHAT IS RIGHT!DO WHAT IS RIGHT!

…..You are IN CONTROL…..You are IN CONTROL

If you SEE SOMETHING that is NOT RIGHTIf you SEE SOMETHING that is NOT RIGHT REPORT IT IMMEDIATELY!REPORT IT IMMEDIATELY! DO SOMETHING ABOUT IT!DO SOMETHING ABOUT IT! TELL SOMEONE (ANYONE!)TELL SOMEONE (ANYONE!)

Choose to be PROChoose to be PRO--ACTIVE!ACTIVE!

Final AdviceFinal Advice

Treat electricity with Treat electricity with the respect it demands, the respect it demands,

and it will serve youand it will serve youefficiently and effectivelyefficiently and effectively

THANK YOUTHANK YOU