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1. OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS & ITS PROPHYLAXIS 1
2. WHY? 1) To make the 2 students aware of the dangers of most
kinds of jobs or professions 2) To see if the student can cope with
the hazards of a career 3) To help students make wise career
choices
3. TYPES OF HAZARDS 3 BEHAVIORAL PHYSICAL CHEMICAL
BIOLOGICAL
4. What is Occupational safety and health? Occupational safety
and health is a discipline with a broad scope involving many
specialized fields.
5. Objective of Occupational Safety and Health 1994 (Act 514).
(a) to secure the safety, health and welfare of persons at work
against risks 5 (b) to protect persons life (c) to promote a safe
occupational environment for persons at work which is adapted to
their physiological and psychological needs (d) to provide,maintain
or improve the standards of safety and health
6. OSH concept SAFETY ACCIDENT INCIDENT HAZARDS Hazard : is any
source of potential damage, harm or adverse health effects on
something or someone under certain conditions at work Risk : is the
chance or probability that a person will be harmed or experience an
adverse health effect if exposed to a hazard
7. OSH concept SAFETY ACCIDENT INCIDENT HAZARDS 1) RISK is
manageable 2) REDUCE possibility of Accident thus reduce casualties
Incident - undesired circumstance that produces the potential for
an accident Accident - is defined as an unplanned event that
results in personal injury or property damage.
8. 1.2 History of OSH LORD ROBENS British 1. Self Regulatory
Legislation (1974)-UK 2. Quality Management Movement (1970) -Japan
OSHA Malaysia (1994) selepas Kejadian Bright Sparcklers di Sungai
Buluh -1992
9. THE HISTORY OF BRIGHT SPARKLE Afternoon of Tuesday, May 7,
1991 in Sungai Buloh, Selangor. Bright Sparkle Sdn. Bhd. 'Hiroshima
Sg, Buloh Explosion 200 tons of sulphur effects Shaking up to seven
kilometers from the location of the tragedy. Fireworks factory
tragedy gave to the country's history.
10. 2. HISTORY OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH Act 514
Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 Regulations under OSHA 1994
Occupational Safety and Health (Safety and Health Officer) Order
1997 Occupational Safety and Health (Prohibition of Use of
Substance) Order 1999 Guidelines Code of practice
11. MINISTRY OF HUMAN RESOURCES 16
12. Carta aliran konsep keselamatan di tempat kerja di Msia
Kerajaan Msia Kementerian Sumber Manusia Jabatan Keselamatan dan
Kesihatan Pekerjaan (DOSH) NIOSH OSHA
13. NIOSH National Institute Occupational safety and Health
(Institut Keselamatan dan Kesihatan Pekerjaan Negara)
14. NIOSH provide training and research on occupational safety
and health. short courses. offer training courses to industry.
organize courses for upgrade the skills of workers
15. Social Security Organization (SOCSO) An organization set up
to administer, enforce and implement the Employees Social Security
Act, 1969 and the Employees Social Security (General) Regulation
1971. Commonly known as Perkeso or Pertubuhan Keselamatan Sosial in
Malay term.
16. Role Social Security Organization (SOCSO) Provide social
security protection by social insurance including medical, cash
benefits, provision of artificial aids and rehabilitation to
employees to reduce the sufferings. Provides social security
protection by social insurance including medical and cash benefits
Provision of artificial aids and rehabilitation to employees to
reduce the suffering and provide financial guarantees and
protection to the family
17. Application of OSHA 26 Apply throughout Malaysia to the
industries as follows (First Schedule ) Manufacturing; Mining and
Quarrying; Construction; Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing;
Utilities such as Electricity, Gas, Water and sanitary Services;
Transport, Storage and Communication; Wholesale and Retail Trades;
Hotels and Restaurants; Finance, Insurance, Real Estate and
Business Services Public Services and Statutory Authorities
18. OSH LAWS IN MALAYSIA 1. Occupational Safety and Health Act
1994 (OSHA 94) 2. Factories and Machinery Act 1967 (FMA 67) 3.
Electricity Supply Act 1990 (ESA 90) 4. Environment Quality Act
1974 (EQA 74) 5. Employees Social Security Act (SOCSO) 27 27
19. SCOPE OF OSHA 1994 28 Includes ALL WORKING PERSONS Except
ARMED FORCES PERSONNEL And CREW OF MERCHANT SHIPS
20. 25 PROPHYLAXIS OF OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS
21. 26 LEVEL OF PREVENTIONS PRIMORDIAL PRIMARY SECONDARY
TERTIARY
22. PRIMORDIAL PREVENTION It is the prevention of the emergence
or development of risk factors in countries or population groups in
which they have not yet appeared 27 For example, many adult health
problems (e.g., obesity, hypertension) have their early origins in
childhood, because this is the time when lifestyles are formed (for
example, smoking, eating patterns, physical exercise).
23. PRIMARY PREVENTION Primary prevention can be defined as the
action taken prior to the onset of disease, which removes the
possibility 28 that the disease will ever occur. SECONDARY
PREVENTION It is defined as action which halts the progress of a
disease at its incipient stage and prevents complications.
Secondary prevention attempts to arrest the disease process,
restore health by seeking out unrecognized disease and treating it
before irreversible pathological changes take place, and reverse
communicability of infectious diseases.
24. TERTIARY PREVENTION It is used when the disease process has
advanced beyond its early stages. 29 It is defined as all the
measures available to reduce or limit impairments and disabilities,
and to promote the patients adjustment to irremediable conditions.
Intervention that should be accomplished in the stage of tertiary
prevention are disability, limitation, and rehabilitation.
25. a) Use proper clothing and safety gear( mittens, ear cuffs,
scarf, 30 bonnets, hats, etc -should not be too tight to allow
ventillation b) Temperature in the workplace must be closely
monitored c) Have regular medical check-ups d) Employees should be
properly trained
26. e) Make sure shoes, socks and boots are cleaned regularly
f) Always have hot beverage available g) Eat enough protein and
fats in your diet h) Boots should be waterproof i) Avoid touching
cold metals with bare skin 31 j) Bring a thermometer k) Bring
blankets and sheets in case someone gets too cold l) Use gas or
electrical heaters