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Original:English No.:ICC01/09 Date:15December2010
PRETRIALCHAMBERII
Before:
Judge
Ekaterina
Trendafilova,
Presiding
Judge
JudgeHansPeterKaul
JudgeCunoTarfusser
SITUATIONINTHEREPUBLICOFKENYA
Public
Redacted
Version
of
Document
ICC
01/09
30
Conf
Exp
ProsecutorsApplicationPursuanttoArticle58astoWilliamSamoeiRuto,
HenryKipronoKosgeyandJoshuaArapSang
Source: OfficeoftheProsecutor
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Documenttobenotifiedinaccordancewithregulation31oftheRegulationsoftheCourtto:
TheOfficeoftheProsecutor
Luis
Moreno
Ocampo
FatouBensouda
CynthiaTai
CounselfortheDefence
LegalRepresentativesoftheVictims LegalRepresentativesoftheApplicants
UnrepresentedVictims UnrepresentedApplicants
(Participation/Reparation)
TheOfficeofPublicCounselfor
Victims
TheOfficeofPublicCounselforthe
Defence
StatesRepresentatives
REGISTRY
AmicusCuriae
Registrar
MsSilvanaArbia
DeputyRegistrar
DefenceSupportSection
VictimsandWitnessesUnit DetentionSection
VictimsParticipationandReparations
Section
Other
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thanonehundredpeople inside.At least17peopledied.Thebruntof theattacks
continuedintothefirstweekofJanuary2008.
4.All identified attacksoccurred in auniform fashion.Perpetratorsgathered atdesignatedmeetingpointsoutsideof locations selected forattack.There, theymet
coordinators, who organized the perpetrators into groups with assigned tasks.
Perpetrators thenattacked target locations.Someperpetratorsapproachedon foot,
whileothersweredrivenintrucks,ashadbeenpreviouslyarranged.SANGhelped
coordinatetheattacksusingcodedlanguagedisseminatedthroughradiobroadcasts.
5. In response to RUTO, KOSGEY and SANGs planned attacks on PNUsupporters,aswellastodealwithprotestsorganizedbytheODM,prominentPNU
members and/or Government of Kenya officials FRANCIS KIRIMI MUTHAURA
(MUTHAURA), UHURU MUIGAI KENYATTA (KENYATTA), and
MOHAMMED HUSSEIN ALI (ALI) developed and executed a plan to attack
perceivedODMsupportersinordertokeepthePNUinpower.
6.First, under the authority of the National Security Advisory Committee, ofwhichMUTHAURAandALIwereChairmanandamember,respectively,theKenya
Police, injointoperationswith theAdministrationPolice(KenyanPoliceForces),
were deployed into ODM strongholds where they used excessive force against
civilian protesters in Kisumu (Kisumu District, Nyanza Province) and in Kibera
(KiberaDivision,NairobiProvince).Asaconsequence,betweentheendofDecember
2007andthemiddleofJanuary2008,theKenyanPoliceForcesindiscriminatelyshot
atandkilledmorethanahundredODMsupportersinKisumuandKibera.
7.Second,MUTHAURA,KENYATTAandALIalsodevelopedadifferenttactictoretaliate against the attacks on PNU supporters. On or about 3 January 2008,
KENYATTA, as the focal point between the PNU and the Mungiki criminal
organization, facilitated a meeting with MUTHAURA, a senior Government of
Kenya official, andMungiki leaders toorganize retaliatory attacks against civilian
supportersoftheODM.Thereafter,MUTHAURA,inhiscapacityasChairmanofthe
NationalSecurityAdvisoryCommittee, telephonedALI,hissubordinateasheadof
theKenyaPolice,andinstructedALInottointerferewiththemovementofproPNU
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youth, including the Mungiki. KENYATTA additionally instructed the Mungiki
leaderstoattendasecondmeetingonthesamedaytofinalizelogisticalandfinancial
arrangementsfortheretaliatoryattacks.
8.As a consequence, the Mungiki and proPNU youth attacked ODM civiliansupporters in Nakuru (Nakuru District, Rift Valley Province) and Naivasha
(Naivasha District, Rift Valley Province) during the last week of January 2008.
Duringtheseattacks,theattackersidentifiedODMsupportersbygoingfromdoorto
doorandbysettinguproadblocksfor interceptingvehicles,killingover150ODM
supporters.
9.The violence resulted in more than 1,100 people dead, 3,500 injured,approximately600,000victimsofforcibledisplacement,atleasthundredsofvictims
ofrapeandsexualviolenceandmorethan100,000propertiesdestroyedinsixoutof
eight of Kenyas provinces. Many women and girls perceived as supporting the
ODMwereraped.
B.RELIEFSOUGHT
10. PursuanttoArticle58(1)oftheRomeStatute,theProsecutionherebyappliesto PreTrial Chamber II for the issuance of summonses to appear against RUTO,
KOSGEYandSANG.Uponinvestigationofthecrimescommittedintheterritoryof
theRepublicofKenyafrom30December2007throughJanuary2008,theProsecution
hasconcludedthattherearereasonablegroundstobelievethatRUTO,KOSGEYand
SANGbearcriminalresponsibilityunderArticle25oftheRomeStatuteformurder,
torture,deportationorforcibletransfer,andpersecutionbasedonpoliticalaffiliation
ascrimesagainsthumanity.
11. The Prosecution files this Application together with an Application forsummonses to appear for MUTHAURA, KENYATTA and ALI, arising out of its
investigation into the Situation in the Republic of Kenya. The two applications
concern crimes that are interlinked, allegedly committed to prevent government
actionsortoretaliateagainstmembersoftheopposition.
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12. If the summonses are issued, the Prosecution considers that it will benecessarythattheChambertakeintoconsiderationthecircumstancesofbothcasesin
its ruling and to decide on both cases at the same time. In the event that the
Applications are granted and the charges are confirmed in both cases, the
Prosecutionwill request that the casesbejoined and decidedby the same Trial
Chamber.
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21. At these meetings, RUTO, with KOSGEY and SANG, coordinated theNetworkby:(1)selectingCommanderstooverseespecificareasintheRiftValley,(2)
creating a hierarchybelow eachCommander, (3) coordinating transportation and
logistics,(4)coordinatingthedisseminationofmeetinglocations,(5)fundraising,(6)
distributingRUTOsmoneyandpromisingrewardsforeveryPNUsupporterkilled
orpropertydestroyed,(7)payingdirectperpetrators,(8)identifyingtargetareas,and
(9)providingguns,grenadesandammunitiontotheperpetratorstoensurethatthey
hadthenecessaryresourcestosucceed.MembersoftheNetworkwereindoctrinated
tobelievethatKibakisadministrationplannedtorigthepresidentialelection,andto
attackgroupsperceivedtosupportthePNUiftheelectionswererigged.
22. Kenyansvotedinthepresidentialelectionon27December2007.At5:30p.m.on 30December 2007, the ElectoralCommission ofKenya (ECK) declared that
Kibakihadwon theelection.Thecircumstancesofhisvictorywerehotlycontested
byODM.
23. Immediatelyfollowingtheannouncementof thepresidentialelectionresults,theNetworkbegantoexecuteattacksagainstPNUsupportersinvariouslocationsin
UasinGishu andNandiDistricts, including Turbo town, the greater Eldoret area
(Kiambaa,Yamumbi,Haruma,Kimumu and Langas),Kapsabet town, andNandi
Hills town,with the intent to expel them from the RiftValley. Thebrunt of the
attacksoccurredfrom30December2007throughthefirstweekofJanuary2008.The
crimes thatare the subjectof thisApplicationoccurredpredominantlywithina25
kilometreradiusofahousethatRUTOownsinSugoi(UasinGishuDistrict),where
heheldmeetingstoplantheattacks.
24. TheNetworksattacks thatare the subjectof thisApplicationoccurred inauniform fashion. Perpetrators gathered at designated meeting points outside of
locations selected for attack, where they met their Coordinators. After the
Coordinatorsorganizedtheperpetratorsintogroupswithassignedtasks,theattacks
were executed. While some perpetrators approached on foot, trucks, previously
arranged, often drove them to designated points of attack. SANG used coded
languagedisseminatedthroughradiobroadcaststohelpcoordinatetheattacks.
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25. After establishing roadblocks at all major roads around towns, includingKapsabet town,Eldoret,Turbo town,andNandiHills town,perpetrators attacked
and burned properties previously identified as belonging to perceived PNU
supporters. They also killed some perceived PNU supporters. The attacks sent
hundreds to thousands of PNU supporters fleeing to nearby police stations and
churches for refuge. Perpetrators at roadblocks and those executing attacks
demandedidentificationexposingvictimsmembershipinethnicgroupsbelievedto
supportPNU.ThosefromthegroupsperceivedtosupportPNUwereattackedand
insomeinstanceskilledonthespot.
26. TheProsecutionsubmitsthatonthebasisofavailableevidence,andwithoutprejudice to other possible crimeswithin thejurisdiction of the Court, there are
reasonablegroundstobelievethatduringthePEV, includingbutnotlimitedtothe
time period between 27 December 2007 and the end of January 2008, RUTO,
KOSGEY and SANG, committed the following crimes against humanity:murder
underArticle 7(1)(a) of the Statute; deportation or forcible transfer of population
underArticle7(1)(d)of theStatute; tortureunderArticle7(1)(f)of theStatute;and
persecutionbasedonpoliticalaffiliationunderArticle7(1)(h)oftheStatute.
27. TheProsecutionfurthersubmitsthattherearereasonablegroundstobelievethat the requirements of direct/indirect coperpetration or of common purpose
criminalliabilitypursuanttoArticle25(3)(a)or(d)havebeenmet.
28. TheProsecution incorporatesbyreferenceSectionsG.2,G.3,andG.4,below,into the Concise Statement of Facts. These sections provide a more detailed
explanation of theNetwork, the planningmeetings, rallies and other events, the
attacks,andtherolesofRUTO,KOSGEYandSANG.
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E.PERSONSREQUESTEDTOAPPEAR(ARTICLE58(2)(A))
29. The Prosecution applies to PreTrial Chamber II for the issuance ofsummonses to appear for three persons:William Samoei RUTO,Henry Kiprono
KOSGEY,andJoshuaArapSANG.3
1.WilliamSamoeiRUTO
30. WilliamSamoeiRUTOwasborn21December1966inKamagutvillage,UasinGishuDistrict,RiftValley Province, theRepublic ofKenya.He isKalenjin.He is
marriedwithseveralchildren,4andownsat leastonehome inSugoi, located inthe
EldoretNorthconstituency.5
31. RUTO attended primary school in Kamagut, and secondary schools inWareng (Uasin Gishu District) and Kapsabet (Nandi District).6 Thereafter, he
attendedtheUniversityofNairobi.7RUTOisfluentinEnglish,SwahiliandKalenjin.8
32. RUTOs political careerbegan in 1992,while he attended theUniversity ofNairobi.Atthattime,hebecamealeadingmemberofYouthforKANU92,agroup
formedtosupportformerKenyanPresidentDanielArapMOIinthe1992elections.
His political career continued when he was elected MP for the Eldoret North
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constituencyin1997,andagainin2002(withtheKenyaAfricanNationalUnion,or
KANU)andin2007(withtheODM).9
33. In addition to his position as anMP, RUTO was appointed an AssistantMinisterofStateintheOfficeofthePresidentin1999,andMinisterofHomeAffairs
in2002.10
34. Followinghisoppositiontotheconstitutionalreferendumin2005,RUTOandothersestablishedtheODMintherunuptothe2007election.RUTOwasoneofits
most prominent leaders.11Also in 2006, RUTO publicly declared his ambition to
becomethePresidentoftheRepublicofKenyainthe2007election.TheODMinstead
nominatedRailaOdinga as their presidential candidate,while RUTO remained a
memberofthefivepersonODMPentagon(toppartyleadership).12
35. On3June2006,RUTOwascrownedaKalenjinElder,givinghima leadingrole in theKalenjin community.13 In 2007RUTO referred to his installation as a
KalenjinLeadertopromotehiscampaignforPresidentoftheRepublicofKenya.14
By 2007, RUTOwas generally acknowledged tobe themost importantKalenjin
politicianandtheprincipalKalenjinspokesman.15
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36. During the 2007 election, RUTO again ran for MP from Eldoret Northconstituency,andwonhisseat.16
37. InApril 2008, RUTOwas appointedMinister ofAgriculture in theGrandCoalition Government. In April 2010 he was transferred to become Minister of
Higher Education, Science and Technology, until October 2010 when he was
suspendedfromthisposition.17
2.HenryKipronoKOSGEY
38. Henry Kiprono KOSGEYwasborn in 1947.18He is Kalenjin.19He holds aBachelorsDegree in Science (B.Sc.Hon.) from theUniversity ofNairobi.20At the
time of the PEV, KOSGEY owned a house in Nandi Hills, within Tinderet
Constituency.21
39. KOSGEYwas firstelected toserveas theMP fromTinderetConstituency inNandiDistrict,RiftValleyProvince in 1979.Hewas reelected in 1983, and, after
losing the1987election,hewasrepeatedlyreelectedfrom19922007.22LikeRUTO,
in2007KOSGEYwasalsoupforreelection,winninghisseat.23
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40. Also like RUTO, through the 2002 election, KOSGEY was a candidate ofKANU.In2005,KOSGEYalsoopposedthenewconstitution,andin2006,alongwith
RUTO,hejoinedtheleadershipofODM.24KOSGEYiscurrentlytheChairmanofthe
ODM.25
41. TheministerialpositionsKOSGEY has held include:Minister forTransportand Communications (19801985); Minister for Cooperative Development (1985
1986);MinisterforCultureandSocialServices(19871988);MinisterforEnvironment
andNaturalResources (19961997);Minister forTourism (19981999);Minister for
ScienceandTechnology (19992001);Minister forEducation (20012006);and, since
the establishment of the Grand Coalition Government in 2008, Minister of
Industrialization.26
3.JoshuaArapSANG
42. Joshua Arap SANG27 is from Kitale, TransNzoia District, Rift ValleyProvince.28He isKalenjin.29He attendedKitaleAcademy Secondary School, from
which he graduated in 1993, and Kenya Institute ofMass Communication, from
whichhegraduatedin2006.30
43. From2005 through thepresent,SANGhasbeenaradiobroadcasteronKassFM.31BeforetojoiningKassFMin2005,SANGworkedatSayareradiostation,and
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thenBibliaHusemaBroadcastinguntil2005,32whenhejoinedKassFM.He isnow
reportedlytheheadofoperationsatKassFMinNairobi33andresidesthere.
44. Sincethe2005constitutionalreferendumcampaignperiod,34SANGhashostedacallinprogramonKassFMcalledLeneEmet35(Howisthecountry?orThisiswhattheworldsaysorwhatistheopinionofthecountry?).36SANGairstheviewsofcallersonvarioustopics.37Todate,SANGcontinuestohostLeneEmet.38
45. SANG is connected with other Kalenjin organizations and the Kalenjindiaspora. He attended major events in 2007 and 2008 hosted by the Emo
Foundation,39 aKalenjin organization,where hewas called the famousKass FM
presenter.40
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F.CRIMESWITHINTHE JURISDICTIONOFTHECOURTWHICHWILLIAM
SAMOEI RUTO, HENRY KIPRONO KOSGEY AND JOSHUA ARAP SANG
HAVECOMMITTEDPURSUANTTOARTICLE58(2)OFTHEROMESTATUTE
Count1
Murderconstitutingacrimeagainsthumanity
(Article7(1)(a)andArticle25(3)(a)or(d)oftheRomeStatute)
From 30December 2007 to the end ofJanuary 2008,WILLIAM SAMOEI RUTO,
HENRYKIPRONOKOSGEY,andJOSHUAARAPSANG,ascoperpetrators,or in
the alternative, as part of a group of persons acting with a common purpose,
committedorcontributedtothecommissionofcrimesagainsthumanityintheform
ofmurder in locations including Turbo town, the greater Eldoret area (Huruma,
Kiambaa,Kimumu,Langas,andYamumbi),Kapsabettown,andNandiHillstownin
theUasinGishu andNandiDistricts, Republic of Kenya, in violation ofArticles
7(1)(a)and25(3)(a)or(d)oftheRomeStatute.
Count2
Deportationorforcibletransferofpopulation
constitutingacrimeagainsthumanity
(Article7(1)(d)andArticle25(3)(a)or(d)oftheRomeStatute)
From 30December 2007 to the end ofJanuary 2008,WILLIAM SAMOEI RUTO,
HENRYKIPRONOKOSGEYandJOSHUAARAPSANGascoperpetrators,orinthe
alternative,aspartofagroupofpersonsactingwithacommonpurpose,committed
or contributed to the commission of crimes against humanity in the form of
deportationorforcibletransferofpopulationinlocationsincludingTurbotown,the
greaterEldoretarea(Huruma,Kiambaa,Kimumu,Langas,andYamumbi),Kapsabet
town andNandiHills town in theUasinGishu andNandiDistricts,Republic of
KenyainviolationofArticles7(1)(d)and25(3)(a)or(d)oftheRomeStatute.
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Count3
Tortureconstitutingacrimeagainsthumanity
(Article7(1)(f)andArticle25(3)(a)or(d)oftheRomeStatute)
From 30December 2007 to the end ofJanuary 2008,WILLIAM SAMOEI RUTO,
HENRYKIPRONOKOSGEYandJOSHUAARAPSANG,as coperpetrators,or in
the alternative as part of a group of persons acting with a common purpose,
committedorcontributedtothecommissionofcrimesagainsthumanityintheform
oftorturebyinflictingseverephysicalormentalpainorsufferinguponcivilians,in
locations including Turbo town, the greater Eldoret area (Huruma,Kiambaa, and
Langas), Kapsabet town and Nandi Hills town in the Uasin Gishu and Nandi
Districts,RepublicofKenya, inviolationofArticles7(1)(f)and25(3)(a)or(d)ofthe
RomeStatute.
Count4
Persecutionasacrimeagainsthumanity
(Article7(1)(h)andArticle25(3)(a)or(d)oftheRomeStatute)
From 30December 2007 to the end ofJanuary 2008,WILLIAM SAMOEI RUTO,
HENRYKIPRONOKOSGEYandJOSHUAARAPSANGascoperpetrators,orinthe
alternativeaspartofagroupofpersonsactingwithacommonpurpose,committed
or contributed to the commission of crimes against humanity in the form of
persecution, when coperpetrators and/or persons belonging to their group
intentionally and in a discriminatory manner targeted civilians based on their
politicalaffiliation,committingmurder,torture,anddeportationorforcibletransfer
ofpopulation,inlocationsincludingTurbotown,thegreaterEldoretarea(Huruma,
Kiambaa,Kimumu,Langas,andYamumbi),KapsabettownandNandiHillstownin
theUasinGishu andNandiDistricts, Republic of Kenya, in violation ofArticles
7(1)(h)and25(3)(a)or(d)oftheRomeStatute.
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I.REQUESTFORSUMMONSESTOAPPEARFORWILLIAMSAMOEIRUTO,
HENRY KIPRONO KOSGEY AND JOSHUA ARAP SANG PURSUANT TO
ARTICLE58(7)OFTHEROMESTATUTE
215.Pursuant to Article 58 of the Rome Statute, if the PreTrial Chamber issatisfied that thereare reasonablegrounds tobelieve thatapersonhas committed
crimeswithin thejurisdictionof theCourt, thePreTrialChambermay issue,upon
the Application of the Prosecution, either a warrant of arrest or a summons to
appear.
216.Todecideonthemeritsofthesetwooptions,theProsecution isobligatedtoassess all of the information gathered during the investigation. In addition, its
assessment and request involve an element of predicting the likelihood of future
events.Allof the information in thisApplicationmaybearupon theevaluationof
thesefactors.
217.Regarding the locationofRUTO,KOSGEYandSANG, theProsecutionhasinformationindicatingthatRUTO,KOSGEYandSANGresideontheterritoryofthe
RepublicofKenya.
218.If theChambergrantstheProsecutionsApplication, theProsecution,atthistime,believes thatsummonses toappeararesufficient toensure theappearanceof
RUTO,KOSGEYandSANG.Noneofthethreesuspectsareperceivedtobeaflight
risk.All threesuspectshaveprominent leadershipstatus inKenyansociety.At the
present time, there isno indication that theywould evadepersonal service of the
summonses.
219.PursuanttoArticle58(7)andRule119,thefollowingconditionsarerequestedfor
the
three
suspects
summoned
to
appear:
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No.ICC 01/09 78/79 15December2010
To provide the Chamber with all residential addresses and telephonenumbers.Thesuspectsshallverifytheaccuracyof this information(to the
Registry)on abimonthlybasis.Any change in the informationprovided
shallbeimmediatelyreportedtotheRegistry;
To have no contact with the other suspects personally, by telephone(including, but not limited to, Skype or sms), in writing or through
intermediaries,exceptthroughcounselforlawfulpurposes;
To have no contact directly or indirectlywith any person who is or isbelievedtobeavictimorawitnessofthecrimesintheRiftValley;
To refrain fromcorruptly influencingawitness,obstructingor interferingwith the attendance or testimony of a witness, or tampering with or
interferingwiththeProsecutionscollectionofevidence;
To refrain fromcommittingcrime(s) set forth inKenyan lawor theRomeStatute;
TotimelyrespondtoanyrequestbytheChamber; ToattendallrequiredhearingsattheInternationalCriminalCourt;and To post a bond or provide real or personal security or surety, as theChamberdeemsfit.
220.Intheeventthatcurrentinformationindicatingthatbribes,intimidationandthreatshaveoccurredisconfirmed,theProsecutionreservestherighttorecommend
theissuanceofwarrantsofarrest.
221.SinceApril 2010 to date, RUTO hasbeen in contactwith the Prosecution,voicing hiswillingness to cooperatewith the investigation. Further, inNovember
2010, RUTO voluntarily came to The Hague, the Netherlands to meet with the
Prosecution.Uponhis return toKenya,RUTO confirmed thathis contactwith the
Prosecutionwaspositive,andthathehadtheopportunitytoprovidehisversionof
thefacts.285
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222.The Prosecution does not possess similar information as to KOSGEY orSANG.Neitherhasmadepublicannouncementsonthismatter.However,thereisno
indicationthattheywouldnotcooperateifsummonedtoappear.
223.Thus,at thisstage, theProsecutionconsiders the issuanceofsummonses toappearsufficienttoensuretheappearanceofthethreeidentifiedsuspects.
J.CONCLUSION
224.Forthereasonsstatedabove,theProsecutionrespectfullyrequeststhatPreTrialChamberII:
a. FindthattherearereasonablegroundstobelievethatWILLIAMSAMOEIRUTO, HENRY KIPRONO KOSGEY and JOSHUA ARAP SANG
committed crimes within thejurisdiction of the International Criminal
Courtandfindthattheissuanceofsummonsestoappearisappropriate;
b. Issue summonses to appear for WILLIAM SAMOEI RUTO, HENRYKIPRONOKOSGEYandJOSHUAARAPSANG;and
c. DirecttheRegistry,inconsultationandcoordinationwiththeProsecution,toprepareandtransmitarequestforsummonsestoappearforWILLIAM
SAMOEI RUTO, HENRY KIPRONO KOSGEY and JOSHUA ARAP
SANG.
Luis MorenoOcampo Prosecutor
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