Objectives u Provide Knowledge and Understanding of Physical and Chemical Properties u Provide Knowledge and Understanding of Health Effects u First Aid.

Objectives

Provide Knowledge and Understanding of Physical and Chemical Properties

Provide Knowledge and Understanding of Health Effects

First Aid Considerations Risk-based Response Decisions and

Recommendations

Agenda

Uses Properties Health Effects & First Aid

Response - based on properties Decisions/Considerations

ANHYDROUS AMMONIA The Chemical

NH3

“Ammonia”

Anhydrous Ammonia

NH3 Liquefied Compressed

Gas “Anhydrous” = Without

Water

Aqua Ammonia Ammonia and Water

NH4OH Corrosive Liquid

Ammonium Hydroxide Ammonia Solutions Usually 10 – 35%

Concentration by Weight

Ammonia Uses

Fertilizer Power Plants

Nox Removal Refrigeration Heat Treating Water Treatment Diazo Machines

Blue Print Industry

Illicit Use Meth Production Need Liquid Phase

Properties - NH3

Colorless Liquid, Pungent Odor Boiling Point -28 F

High Latent Heat of Vaporization Liquid Density 5.15 lb/gal 60 F Vapor Density 0.6 (air = 1)

Vapor @ Atmospheric Conditions Liquid Under Pressure

Properties - NH3

Pressure/Temperature Relationship High Coefficient of Expansion High Volumetric Expansion Ratio Direct Relationship Independent of Volume

Volumetric Expansion Ratio

850:1 Little Bit Goes A Long

Way How Many Pounds or

Gallons ???? High Coefficient of

Expansion Do Not Trap Liquid 85% Fill Limit For

Storage

Pressure – Temperature Relationship Continued

Direct Relationship Independent of Volume in a Container -28 º F - 0 psig 0 º F - 15.7 psig 30 º F - 45 psig 50 º F - 74.5 psig 70 º F - 114.1 psig 100 º F - 197.2 psig

5% Full

75% Full

pH

0_______________________14

Acids 7 Bases

Neutral

Ammonia Is A Very Strong Base

30% Concentration can have a pH of 13.5 or Greater.

Reactivity

Ammonia Flammability

Minimum & Maximum Concentration In Air Of A Gas Or Vapor Between Which Ignition Can Occur; LEL - UEL

0 16% - 25% 100% | |

NIOSH 15 – 28%

Ammonia Exposure

VAPOR More Forgiving Irritating High Levels

Caustic Burn Can Escape Laterally &

Upwind

LIQUID Very Cold

Frost Bite Caustic/Alkaline

Chemical Burn

Skin and Eyes

Frost Bite Liquid Exposure

Chemical Caustic / Alkaline Burn

Water, Water, Water 15 to 20 Minutes

No Topical Ointments Clothing May Freeze To The

Skin If Liquid Exposure

Ensure Patient Is Properly Deconned Prior To Transport

Ammonia Exposure Limits

Federal PEL - 50 ppm (35mg/m3) TWA NIOSH - 25 ppm (18mg/m3) TWA STEL - 35 ppm (27mg/m3) 15 minutes IDLH - 300 ppm

No Cartridge Respirators SCBA Required

Ammonia Response – Health Issues

2-5 PPM

DetectableOdor

25 PPM

REL TLV- TWA

35 PPM

STEL

50 PPM

PEL (OSHA) Z-List

140 PPM

Runny eyes& nose

300 PPM

IDLH

700 PPM

Immediateeye injury

5000 PPM.5%

Death inminutes

10,000 PPM1 %

ImmediateDeath

30,0003 %

Skin IrritationsBurns, blisters

150,00015 %

Lower FlammableLimit

280,00028 %

Upper FlammableLimit

0 ppm0 %

1,000,000 ppm

100 %

Response Considerations

INDOOR Flammability

Visible Cloud ? Ventilation

Negative Pressure Positive Pressure

Level of Dress

OUTDOOR Downwind Threats

Public Exposure Type of Release Weather Effects

Where/When Water Level Of Dress

Decisions/Considerations

Find Knowledgeable Person Can Leak Be Isolated Remotely Best Approach may be No Approach FD – Do Not Be Valve Turners Level Of Dress – Bunker/SCBA/Level A, B Where & When To Use Water Control & Contain

Tarp & Cover as an Option