Objectives Overview

Living in a Digital World

Discovering Computers 2010

Objectives Overview

Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World Chapter 12

2See Page 619for Detailed Objectives

Objectives Overview


3See Page 619for Detailed Objectives

What is System Development?


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5Pages 620 – 621Figure 12-1


• System development should follow three general guidelines:


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• System development should involve representatives from each department in which the proposed system will be used

7Page 622Figure 12-2


• Project management is the process of planning, scheduling, and then controlling the activities during system development

• To plan and schedule a project efficiently, the project leader identifies:


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9A popular tool used to plan and schedule the time relationships

among project activities is a Gantt chart


10

A PERT chart also can be used for planning and scheduling time


• Feasibility is a measure of how suitable the development of a system will be to the organization


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• Documentation is the collection and summarization of data and information– A project notebook contains all documentation for a

single project• Users and IT professionals refer to existing

documentation when working with and modifying current systems


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• During system development, members of the project team gather data and information using several techniques


13Pages 625 – 626Figure 12-4

Who Initiates a System Development Project?


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Who Initiates a System Development Project? 15Page 627Figure 12-5

Planning Phase

• The planning phase for a project begins when the steering committee receives a project request

• Four major activities are performed:


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Analysis Phase

• The analysis phase consists of two major activities:


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Analysis Phase


18Pages 629 – 630Figure 12-6

Analysis Phase

• Process modeling (structured analysis and design) is an analysis and design technique that describes processes that transform inputs into outputs


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http://www.scsite.com/dc2010cp/ch12/weblink/

Analysis Phase

• An entity-relationship diagram (ERD) is a tool that graphically shows the connections among entities in a system

• Entities are objects in the system that have data



Analysis Phase

• A data flow diagram (DFD) is a tool that graphically shows the flow of data in a system– Data flows– Processes– Data stores– Sources



Analysis Phase

• The project dictionary contains all the documentation and deliverables of a project

• Structured English is a style of writing that describes the steps in a process



Analysis Phase


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Analysis Phase

Decision table Decision tree


24Page 633Figures 12-10 – 12-11

Analysis Phase• The data dictionary stores the data item’s name,

description, and other details about each data item


Analysis Phase

• Object modeling combines the data with the processes that act on that data into a single unit, called an object

• UML (Unified Modeling Language) has been adopted as a standard notation for object modeling and development– UML includes 13 different diagrams– Two diagrams include:


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Analysis Phase

• A use case diagram graphically shows how actors (users) interact with the information system

• Diagrams are considered easy to understand



Analysis Phase

• A class diagram graphically shows classes and subclasses in a system

• Each class can have one or more subclasses

• Subclasses use inheritance to inherit methods and attributes of higher levels



Analysis Phase

• The system proposal assesses the feasibility of each alternative solution

• The steering committee discusses the system proposal and decides which alternative to pursue


29Pages 635 - 636

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Design Phase

• The design phase consists of two major activities


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Design Phase

• To acquire the necessary hardware and software:


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Design Phase

• The next step is to develop detailed design specifications– Sometimes called a physical design


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Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World Chapter 12 33

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Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World Chapter 12 34

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Design Phase

• Systems analysts typically develop two types of designs for each input and output


35Page 641Figures 12-18 – 12-19

Mockup Layout chart

Design Phase

• A prototype (proof of concept) is a working model of the proposed system– Prototypes have inadequate or missing documentation– Users tend to embrace the prototype as a final system– Should not eliminate or replace activities


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Design Phase

• Computer-aided software engineering (CASE) tools are designed to support one or more activities of system development

• CASE tools sometimes contain the following tools:


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Design Phase



Design Phase

• Many people should review the detailed design specifications

• An inspection is a formal review of any system development deliverable– A team examines the deliverables to identify errors


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Implementation Phase

• The purpose of the implementation phase is to construct the new or modified system and then deliver it


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• The program development life cycle follows these steps:


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• Various tests should be performed on the new system


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• Training involves showing users exactly how they will use the new hardware and software in the system– One-on-one sessions– Classroom-style lectures– Web-based training



Implementation Phase• One or more of four conversion strategies can be

used to change from the old system to the new system


44Pages 644 – 645Figure 12-22

Operation, Support, and Security Phase

• The purpose of the operation, support, and security phase is to provide ongoing assistance for an information system and its users after the system is implemented


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Operation, Support, and Security Phase

• A computer security plan should do the following:


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Summary


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Living in a Digital World

Discovering Computers 2010

Chapter 11

Objectives Overview

Documents

digital world chapter

system development project

proposed system

system developmentto

project activities

project team

project management

project leader