Objectives for Today:

Objectives for Today:Objectives for Today: Define and identify sarcasm and verbal irony in Define and identify sarcasm and verbal irony in

“A Modest Proposal”.“A Modest Proposal”. Define and identify emotional, ethical, and Define and identify emotional, ethical, and

logical appeals in “A Modest Proposal”.logical appeals in “A Modest Proposal”. Interpret how emotional, ethical, and logical Interpret how emotional, ethical, and logical

appeals effect persuasion in proposals. appeals effect persuasion in proposals.

“A Modest Proposal” by Jonathan Swift Cast Away essay due Monday at beginning of class.Starbucks test on Monday, Nov. 23

Agenda for Wed. 11/18– 30052H

““A Modest Proposal”A Modest Proposal”By: Jonathan SwiftBy: Jonathan Swift

“The cover of this week's New Yorker magazine depicts Obama in one-piece Muslim garb and headdress fist-bumping his booted, Afro-wearing wife Michelle in camo clothes with an AK-47 and ammo-belt slung over her shoulder beneath a portrait of Osama bin-Laden while the American flag burns in the fireplace -- in the presidential Oval Office.It's got everything incendiary except a vest bomb. Which is what should telegraph to most people that it's way over-the-top and, therefore, satire.”—LA Times

Representatives of Obama and Representatives of Obama and McCain both denounced the cover McCain both denounced the cover as “tasteless and offensive.”as “tasteless and offensive.”

Eugene Kane, Milwaukee Journal Eugene Kane, Milwaukee Journal Sentinel site: "I actually understand Sentinel site: "I actually understand what satire means but I'm what satire means but I'm guessing there are plenty of guessing there are plenty of Americans who won't have a clue Americans who won't have a clue what the magazine cover is trying what the magazine cover is trying to say." to say."

SATIRESATIRE A literary work which attacks human A literary work which attacks human

vices, follies, shortcomings, or vices, follies, shortcomings, or stupidity through ridicule, derision, stupidity through ridicule, derision, irony, sarcasm, wit, & scathing irony, sarcasm, wit, & scathing humor.humor.

Satire often ridicules a Satire often ridicules a target in an attempt to target in an attempt to bring about bring about improvement, i.e. improvement, i.e. shaming it into reform.shaming it into reform.

Targets of SatireTargets of Satire a person or a group of a person or a group of

peoplepeople an idea or an attitudean idea or an attitude society and its institutionssociety and its institutions a social practicea social practice a place (city, state, or a place (city, state, or

nation)nation)

Targets of “A Modest Targets of “A Modest Proposal”Proposal”

English PeopleEnglish People CatholicsCatholics Irish PeopleIrish People LandlordsLandlords AmericansAmericans

Means of SatireMeans of SatireArtArtMusicMusicPoetry, prosePoetry, proseDrama, filmDrama, filmCartoons, comic stripsCartoons, comic stripsCommentaryCommentary

Tools of SatireTools of SatireVerbal irony—words Verbal irony—words

of praise which of praise which convey criticism and convey criticism and words of criticism words of criticism which convey praisewhich convey praise

““Great.”Great.”

Sarcasm—a type of Sarcasm—a type of verbal irony often in the verbal irony often in the form of a remark in which form of a remark in which the literal meaning is the literal meaning is complimentary, but the complimentary, but the actual meaning is critical.actual meaning is critical.

““GoodGood Job!” Job!”

Anatomy of a ProposalAnatomy of a Proposal

Proposal: the act of offering or Proposal: the act of offering or suggesting something for suggesting something for acceptance, adoption, or acceptance, adoption, or performance.performance. Three literary tools used in Three literary tools used in

proposalsproposals Emotional AppealsEmotional Appeals Ethical AppealsEthical Appeals Logical AppealsLogical Appeals

Emotional AppealsEmotional Appeals

Passages that use words that arouse Passages that use words that arouse strong feelingsstrong feelings Emotional examples Emotional examples Vivid descriptions Vivid descriptions Narratives of emotional events Narratives of emotional events Emotional tone Emotional tone Figurative language Figurative language

Dr. Martin Luther King’s “Letter from Dr. Martin Luther King’s “Letter from Birmingham Jail”Birmingham Jail”

I guess it is easy for those who have never felt the I guess it is easy for those who have never felt the stinging darts of segregation to say, 'Wait.' But when you stinging darts of segregation to say, 'Wait.' But when you have seen vicious mobs lynch your mothers and fathers have seen vicious mobs lynch your mothers and fathers at will and drown your sisters and brothers at whim; at will and drown your sisters and brothers at whim; when you have seen hate filled policemen curse, kick, when you have seen hate filled policemen curse, kick, brutalize and even kill your black brothers and sisters brutalize and even kill your black brothers and sisters with impunity; … when you suddenly find your tongue with impunity; … when you suddenly find your tongue twisted and your speech stammering as you seek to twisted and your speech stammering as you seek to explain to your six-year-old daughter why she can't go to explain to your six-year-old daughter why she can't go to the public amusement park that has just been advertised the public amusement park that has just been advertised on television, and see tears welling up in her eyes when on television, and see tears welling up in her eyes when she is told that Funtown is closed to colored children, she is told that Funtown is closed to colored children, and see the depressing clouds of inferiority begin to form and see the depressing clouds of inferiority begin to form in her little mental sky, and see her begin to distort her in her little mental sky, and see her begin to distort her little personality by unconsciously developing a bitterness little personality by unconsciously developing a bitterness toward white people; … when you are humiliated day in toward white people; … when you are humiliated day in and day out by nagging signs reading 'white' and and day out by nagging signs reading 'white' and 'colored'; … when you are forever fighting a degenerating 'colored'; … when you are forever fighting a degenerating sense of 'nobodiness'; then you will understand why we sense of 'nobodiness'; then you will understand why we find it difficult to wait." find it difficult to wait."

Ethical AppealsEthical Appeals

Passages that establish the writer’s Passages that establish the writer’s qualifications and sincerityqualifications and sincerity

Demonstrates author's reliability, Demonstrates author's reliability, competence, and respect for the competence, and respect for the audience's ideas and values through audience's ideas and values through reliable and appropriate use of support reliable and appropriate use of support and general accuracy and general accuracy

Logical AppealsLogical Appeals

Passages that use evidence such as Passages that use evidence such as facts or statistics to support a positionfacts or statistics to support a position Theoretical, abstract  language Denotative Theoretical, abstract  language Denotative

meanings/reasons meanings/reasons Literal and historical analogies Literal and historical analogies Definitions Definitions Factual data and statistics Factual data and statistics Quotations Quotations Citations from experts and authorities Citations from experts and authorities Informed opinions Informed opinions

"Buy this set of encyclopedias "Buy this set of encyclopedias because it has been voted “Best on because it has been voted “Best on the Market” for seven years in a row, the Market” for seven years in a row, at an excellent price, contains over at an excellent price, contains over 400,000 interesting facts, and is 400,000 interesting facts, and is updated annually." updated annually."

Examples of SatireExamples of Satire Saturday Night Live’sSaturday Night Live’s

Weekend Update—satirizes Weekend Update—satirizes TV news and criticizes human TV news and criticizes human flaws and vices related to flaws and vices related to politics, entertainment, and politics, entertainment, and current events.current events.

Scary Scary MovieMovieSatirizes Satirizes

horror horror movies by movies by exaggerating exaggerating the techniques the techniques used to scare used to scare audiences.audiences.

Austin Austin PowersPowers Satirizes 1960’s Satirizes 1960’s

spy movies. spy movies. Tackles sexism Tackles sexism toward women toward women and ridicules and ridicules escapes by the escapes by the spy and stupidity spy and stupidity of the evil villain.of the evil villain.

Political CartoonsPolitical CartoonsSatirize politicians and Satirize politicians and

political issues by political issues by criticizing policy decisions criticizing policy decisions and personality traits of and personality traits of elected officials.elected officials.

Political CartoonsPolitical Cartoons

This is Spinal TapThis is Spinal Tap

Satirizes Satirizes rockumentaries rockumentaries and the excess and the excess of modern of modern musicians.musicians.

Weird Al’s SongsWeird Al’s Songs

Satirizes musicians & Satirizes musicians & music videos by music videos by commenting on the commenting on the excess of modern excess of modern musicians as well as musicians as well as simplicity and simplicity and immaturity of the lyrics.immaturity of the lyrics.

Animal FarmAnimal Farm

Satirizes Satirizes Communist Communist RussiaRussia

Split into ‘Expert’ GroupsSplit into ‘Expert’ Groups

Number off into Five groups. Number off into Five groups. Sarcasm, Verbal Irony, Emotional Sarcasm, Verbal Irony, Emotional

Appeal, Ethical Appeal, and Logical Appeal, Ethical Appeal, and Logical Appeal.Appeal.

Take time in your groups to:Take time in your groups to: Come up with a group definition of your Come up with a group definition of your

literary terms.literary terms. Find three examples in Swift’s “A Modest Find three examples in Swift’s “A Modest

Proposal” of your literary terms. (Note the Proposal” of your literary terms. (Note the page and paragraph of example.)page and paragraph of example.)

‘‘Expert’ GroupsExpert’ Groups

Now that you’ve defined your Now that you’ve defined your literary terms in your own words literary terms in your own words and found two examples, come up and found two examples, come up with a way to teach your findings to with a way to teach your findings to your home groups. your home groups.

**The key is to make it memorable **The key is to make it memorable and creative. You could write a and creative. You could write a poem, draw a picture, sing a song, poem, draw a picture, sing a song, etc.etc.

Time to teach what you Time to teach what you learned.learned.

ToolsTools Verbal Irony ExpertsVerbal Irony Experts Sarcasm ExpertsSarcasm Experts Emotional Appeal ExpertsEmotional Appeal Experts Ethical Appeal ExpertsEthical Appeal Experts Logical Appeal ExpertsLogical Appeal Experts

**If you can teach something that **If you can teach something that means you know it.**means you know it.**

Follow Up Follow Up

What is this?What is this? Emotional AppealEmotional Appeal

What is this?What is this? ““Yea, that girl’s really Yea, that girl’s really

smart.”smart.” SarcasmSarcasm

What is this?What is this?

Logical AppealLogical Appeal

What is this?What is this?

Logical Logical AppealAppeal

What is this?What is this?

Emotional Emotional AppealAppeal

What is this?What is this?

Ethical AppealEthical Appeal

What is this?What is this?

Emotional Emotional AppealAppeal

What is this?What is this?

Emotional AppealEmotional Appeal

What is this?What is this?

Ethical AppealEthical Appeal

What is this?What is this?

““Grandma! You Grandma! You look…beautiful!”look…beautiful!”

SarcasmSarcasm

What is this?What is this?

““MMMM! That MMMM! That looks looks healthy!”healthy!”

Verbal IronyVerbal Irony

Review ObjectivesReview Objectives Define and identify sarcasm and Define and identify sarcasm and

verbal irony in “A Modest verbal irony in “A Modest Proposal”.Proposal”.

Define and identify emotional, Define and identify emotional, ethical, and logical appeals in “A ethical, and logical appeals in “A Modest Proposal”.Modest Proposal”.

Interpret how emotional, ethical, Interpret how emotional, ethical, and logical appeals affect and logical appeals affect persuasion in proposals. persuasion in proposals.