North and South The North’s Economy p.386 - 390.

North and SouthNorth and SouthThe North’s EconomyThe North’s Economy

p.386 - 390p.386 - 390

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IndustrializationIndustrialization By the early 1800’s, changes took place in the By the early 1800’s, changes took place in the

Northern states.Northern states. Power-driven machinery performed many tasks Power-driven machinery performed many tasks

that were once done by hand.that were once done by hand. The industrialization of the North developed in The industrialization of the North developed in

three phases:three phases: 1- manufacturers made products by dividing the 1- manufacturers made products by dividing the

tasks involved among the workers.tasks involved among the workers. 2- manufacturers built factories to bring specialized 2- manufacturers built factories to bring specialized

workers together.workers together. 3- factory workers used machinery to perform some 3- factory workers used machinery to perform some

of their work.of their work.

IndustrializationIndustrialization Mass production of cotton textiles began in Mass production of cotton textiles began in

New England in the early 1800’s with the New England in the early 1800’s with the invention of the sewing machine (Elias Howe).invention of the sewing machine (Elias Howe).

Machine operators could produce clothing on a Machine operators could produce clothing on a large scale.large scale.

By 1860 the Northeast’s factories produced at By 1860 the Northeast’s factories produced at least two-thirds of the countries manufactured least two-thirds of the countries manufactured goods. goods.

Improved TransportationImproved Transportation Improvements in transportation contributed to Improvements in transportation contributed to

the success of many of America’s new the success of many of America’s new industries.industries.

Between 1800 and 1850, construction crews Between 1800 and 1850, construction crews built thousands of miles of roads and canals. built thousands of miles of roads and canals.

The canals opened new shipping routes by The canals opened new shipping routes by connecting many lakes and rivers. connecting many lakes and rivers.

The growth of the railroads in the 1840s and The growth of the railroads in the 1840s and 1850s also helped to speed the flow of goods. 1850s also helped to speed the flow of goods.

Robert Fulton demonstrated a reliable Robert Fulton demonstrated a reliable steamboat that carried goods and passengers steamboat that carried goods and passengers more cheaply and quickly along inland more cheaply and quickly along inland waterways.waterways.

Improved TransportationImproved Transportation In the 1840s canals were widened and In the 1840s canals were widened and

deepened to accommodate steamboats. deepened to accommodate steamboats. In the 1840s sailing ships were improved. In the 1840s sailing ships were improved. The The clipper shipsclipper ships – with sleek hulls and tall sails – with sleek hulls and tall sails

– could sail 300 miles per day, as fast as most – could sail 300 miles per day, as fast as most steamships of the day.steamships of the day.

The ships got their name because they The ships got their name because they “clipped” time from long journeys. “clipped” time from long journeys.

LocomotivesLocomotives The development of railroads in the United The development of railroads in the United

States began with short stretches of tracks that States began with short stretches of tracks that connected mines with nearby rivers. connected mines with nearby rivers.

Peter Cooper designed and built the first Peter Cooper designed and built the first American steam locomotive in 1830 called the American steam locomotive in 1830 called the Tom ThumbTom Thumb. .

In 1840 the United States had almost 3,000 In 1840 the United States had almost 3,000 miles of railroad track. miles of railroad track.

By 1860 it had almost 31,000 miles, mostly in By 1860 it had almost 31,000 miles, mostly in the North and the Midwest. the North and the Midwest.

By 1860 a network of railroad track united the By 1860 a network of railroad track united the Midwest and the East. Midwest and the East.

Moving Goods and PeopleMoving Goods and People The development of the east-west canal and The development of the east-west canal and

the rail network allowed grain, livestock, and the rail network allowed grain, livestock, and dairy products to move directly from the dairy products to move directly from the Midwest to the East. Midwest to the East.

Goods now traveled faster and more cheaply Goods now traveled faster and more cheaply so manufacturers in the East could offer them so manufacturers in the East could offer them at lower prices. at lower prices.

The railroads also played an important role in The railroads also played an important role in the settlement and industrialization of the the settlement and industrialization of the Midwest. Midwest.

As the population of these states grew, new As the population of these states grew, new towns and industries developed. towns and industries developed.

Faster CommunicationFaster Communication The growth of industry and the new pace of The growth of industry and the new pace of

travel created a need for faster methods of travel created a need for faster methods of communications.communications.

The The telegraphtelegraph- and apparatus that used electric - and apparatus that used electric signals to transmit messages- filled that need. signals to transmit messages- filled that need.

Samuel Morse invented the telegraph and used Samuel Morse invented the telegraph and used Morse codeMorse code to transmit messages. to transmit messages.

Americans adopted the telegraph eagerly and Americans adopted the telegraph eagerly and erected telegraph lines. erected telegraph lines.

Revolution in AgricultureRevolution in Agriculture Advances in technology allowed farmers to Advances in technology allowed farmers to

greatly increase their harvest.greatly increase their harvest. Three revolutionary inventions of the 1830s Three revolutionary inventions of the 1830s

changed farming methods and encouraged changed farming methods and encouraged settlers to cultivate large areas of the West.settlers to cultivate large areas of the West. Steel-tipped plow Steel-tipped plow ThresherThresher Mechanical reaperMechanical reaper

The steel-tipped plow was developed by John The steel-tipped plow was developed by John Deere. The plow easily cut through the hard-Deere. The plow easily cut through the hard-packed sod of the prairies. packed sod of the prairies.

McCormick’s ReaperMcCormick’s Reaper For hundreds of years, farmers had harvested For hundreds of years, farmers had harvested

grain with handheld sickles.grain with handheld sickles. Cyrus McCormick created a reaper that could Cyrus McCormick created a reaper that could

harvest grain much faster than a hand-operated harvest grain much faster than a hand-operated sickle.sickle.

Because farmers could harvest wheat so Because farmers could harvest wheat so quickly, they began planting more of it. Growing quickly, they began planting more of it. Growing wheat became profitable.wheat became profitable.

The thresher quickly separated the grain from The thresher quickly separated the grain from the stalk. the stalk.

McCormick’s ReaperMcCormick’s Reaper Despite improvements in agriculture the North Despite improvements in agriculture the North

turned away from farming and increasingly turned away from farming and increasingly toward industry.toward industry.

It was difficult making a living farming the rocky It was difficult making a living farming the rocky soil of New England, but industry flourished in soil of New England, but industry flourished in the area. the area.

The number of people who worked in factories The number of people who worked in factories continued to rise – so did problems connected continued to rise – so did problems connected with factory labor. with factory labor.