non conventional methods to manage stored product pest

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NON CONVENTIONALMETHODS TO

MANAGESTORED PRODUCT

PEST

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INTRODUCTION To ensure consumer demand Related to association of ingredients

and formulations in storage and processing

Closest application to food production Post harvest qualitative degradations

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STORED PRODUCT PESTS Include beetles, moth and mites Infest whole grains or processed foods First sign : Appearance of small

beetles crawling over counter tops So we need some management

practicesConventional Non conventional

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NON CONVENTIONAL METHODS

Bulk commodity storage Pheromone/ food attractant monitoring Near infra red spectroscopy Electronic nose technology Physical control Inert dusts Ionizing radiation Light and sound

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NON CONVENTIONAL METHODS (CONT…) Thermal control High temperature infestation Ozonation Fumigation Semiochemicals Repellents Microbial control Insect growth regulators

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BULK COMMODITY STORAGE

Observation of commodity surface

Examination of commodity samples

Probe traps inserted in surface of

grain masses

Temperature monitoring

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PHEROMONE/ FOOD ATTRACTANT MONITORING

Most promising technique

Used for monitoring populations

Earlier detection with low level infestations

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NEAR INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY Includes

Classification of insect species Detection of internal insect pests Distinguishing between unparasitisized

weevil larvae and those parasitisized by wasps

Advantages of NIR compared to mid IRLower sensor costs Less sample preparation

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ELECTRONIC NOSE TECHNOLOGY Detect the quality changes in cereal

grains early Detect fungal deterioration Coupled with neural network systems Remote control Effective long term management of

grains

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PHYSICAL CONTROL Manipulating physical environment or

applying physical treatment Physical environment includes

Temperature RH Grain moisture content

Physical treatment Mechanical impact Physical removal Physical barriers to prevent entrance

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INERT DUSTS Chemically unreactive dusts Have insecticidal quality Killing by physical rather than chemical

means

Effectiveness decrease with increase RH Some inert dusts

Sands, Remains of diatoms, Silica aerogel, Particle films

Stored products

Pests get Dehydrate & Die

Inert dusts

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IONIZING RADIATION Two types of radiation is used

Gamma radiation : Produced by cobalt 60 Beta radiation : Generated

electrically Safer and easier to work Damage the organism by production of ions

or free radicals Higher dose : Immediate death Lower dose : Sterilization

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LIGHT AND SOUND Used in luring flying insects in to traps 5 minute, 1MHz sound,26C Commercial application is unexpected

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THERMAL CONTROL Controlled by lower temperature 25 - 35 C Reduce insect development

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HIGH TEMPERAURE DISINFESTATION 60 - 65 C Fluidized beds Conveyors Counter flow heat exchanger High frequency waves Micro waves Solar radiation Bake out : Heated around 50 C

Assisted by dryacide

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OZONATION Offers safety advantages over conventional

post harvest pesticides No stores of toxic chemicals Leaving no residue on product If possible it can be neutralized

Sterillant Pest control agent : < 45ppm level

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FUMIGATION Gaseous pesticides Enters body and spread all over Phospine, Methyl bromide : common fumigants Recently used ones are,

Sulphuryl fluoride Carbonyl sulphide Ethyl dinitrile Ethyl formate

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SEMIOCHEMICALS

Natural compounds from plant sources

Advantages

Low mammalian toxicity

Rapid degradation

Local availability

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REPELLENTS Prevent pests from entering food Piperonyl butoxide Methyl salicylate DEET Neem Protein enriched pea flour

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MICROBIAL CONTROL Natural enemies used Generally Bt is used No poisoning or chronic problems Two commonly used entomopathogens

are, Bacillus thuringiensis

Beauveria bassiana

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INSECT GROWTH REGULATORS

Control molting in insects

Do not exhibit quick knock down or cause

mortality

Long term exposure to IGRs stops the

population growth

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SUMMARY Bulk commodity

storage Pheromone/ food

attractant monitoring Near infra red

spectroscopy Electronic nose

technology Physical control Inert dusts Ionizing radiation Light and sound

Thermal control High temperature

infestation Ozonation Fumigation Semiochemicals Repellents Microbial control Insect growth

regulators

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