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Cleveland ASPE

February 13, 2008

ResidentialSprinkler &

Preaction SystemDesign


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Residential Sprinklers


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Large residential construction growth over the last decade

Building Code Changes

Efforts of Organizations

Home Fire Sprinkler Coalition

NFSA

AFSA

NFPA

Education to Home Builders and Local Officials

Minimum Discharge Density Changes by UL and NFPA


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Residential, unique to standard or quick response sprinklers

Control Mode Sprinkler

ESFR (Early Suppression Fast Response)

Residential???


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Residential Sprinklers: Installed to provide an increased

level of life safety for the occupant. Residential sprinklers

are designed to prevent flashover, keeping the living space

survivable for a minimum amount of time.


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Residential sprinklers are tested to a separate UL standard.

The testing procedure verifies the thermal sensitivity and

water distribution characteristics.

UL 1626, Residential Sprinklers for Fire Protection Service

It is not a design document, It is a standard published andused by UL to evaluate the performance of a residential

sprinkler.

Plunge Test Room Test


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The scope of UL 1626 is defined within the document as:

These requirements cover residential sprinklers intended for

installation on sprinkler systems for fire protection service.

Requirements for the installation and use of residential

sprinklers for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, NFPA 13,

and Installation of Sprinkler Systems in One- and Two-FamilyDwellings and Mobil Homes, NFPA 13D and Residential

Occupancies up to and Including Four Stories in Height

Sprinkler Systems, NFPA 13R.


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Sensitivity Oven Plunge Test

STANDARD RESPONSE

100 Sec. Plunge Test

3 Min. 51 Sec. Room FireTest

QUICK RESPONSE

14 Sec. Plunge Test

75 Sec. Room Fire Test

RESIDENTIAL

14 Sec. Plunge

Requires a Special Room

Fire Test


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Residential Sprinklers are required to pass special fire tests.

The objective of residential sprinklers is to provide safety to

the occupant and allow safe egress in a fire.

In a residential fire test, the temperature cannot exceed 600 F

3 below the ceiling where the thermocouples are installed.

The maximum temperature at 5-3 above the floor is 200 F.The temperature 5-3 above the floor shall not exceed 130 F

for any continuous 2 minute period.

The maximum ceiling material temperature behind the

finished ceiling surface shall not exceed 500F.


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A special room is used to test residential sprinklers that simulates

a residential occupancy. (2) residential sprinklers are located in

the room for their coverage area. For a pendent sprinkler, theseareas of coverage are 12x12, 14x14, 16x16, 18x18, and 20x

20. For sidewall sprinklers, these areas of coverage are typically

14x14, 16x16, 16x18, 16x20, 16x22, 18x18 and 20x20.

The (2) sprinklers are installed at the coverage area that a listing

is desired at. A third sprinkler is located near an open door. The

sprinkler at the door is not connected to water filled piping. If the

sprinkler at the door activates at any time during the test, the testis considered a failure.


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UL 1626 Residential Sprinkler Test


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Residential sprinklers are required to meet minimum

wall wetting characteristics. 28 is the maximum distance down

from the ceiling on the wall that a residential pendent andsidewall sprinkler must wet the wall.

Sidewall sprinklers must direct 5% of their discharge upon

the wall on which they are installed.

These wall wetting characteristics mean that a residential sprinkler

must discharge or spray in a very flat pattern. Obstructions such

as sloped ceilings, beams, ceiling fans, and lights can inhibit theperformance of residential sprinklers and must be avoided.


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The minimum design criteria for residential sprinklers per UL

And NFPA 13D and NFPA 13R is to provide a minimum

.05 gpm per sq. ft. over the area of protection.

NFPA 13 requires that the minimum design criteria for

residential sprinklers or residential occupancies be a .10

gpm per sq. ft.

Each residential sprinkler must pass the special fire tests and

wall wetting requirements before they are listed as residential

sprinklers.


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NFPA 13D Occupancies


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NFPA 13D One and Two Family Dwellings and

Manufactured Homes

NFPA 13D is the design and installation standard for

single and two family dwellings, or in other words a home

that is a single structure.

The sprinkler design for this type of occupancy is for (2)

residential sprinklers to discharge at the minimum flow rate

and pressure of its UL listing.

Water supply capacity is generally an issue for these system

designs, so it may be prudent to utilize more residential

sprinklers in a system at smaller spacings to lower the watersupply requirement.


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NFPA 13 R Occupancies


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NFPA 13R Residential Occupancies up to and Including

Four Stories in Height

Generally these NFPA 13R occupancies

are apartments, dormitories, hotels, motels

The residential sprinkler design criteria for the residentialdwelling requires that (4) residential sprinklers are designed

to operate at their listed flow rate and pressure for the area

of coverage to be protected.

Public areas such as corridors, require a design per NFPA

13, meaning the water supply needs to adequate for a NFPA

13 installation.


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NFPA 13 Residential Occupancies


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NFPA 13 Residential Occupancies that are not NFPA 13D

Or NFPA 13R

These occupancies are buildings that are greater than (5)

stories, typical of high rise apartment buildings, large hotel

resorts, etc.

The design requirement per NFPA 13 is for a minimum .10

gpm per sq ft or the residential sprinklers listing for the

area, which ever is greater.

Water supply requirements are higher for NFPA 13 residential

occupancies because the water flow is providing protection

to the structure as well as life safety.


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Due to the minimum flow rate requirements for residential

sprinklers there are many different K factors for residential

sprinklers to address different coverage areas and differentcode requirements, (NFPA 13D and NFPA 13R versus NFPA

13 residential occupancies)

The K factors step up from smaller areas of coverage of NFPA13D, to moderate and large areas of coverage of NFPA 13R,

to very large water demands of NFPA 13. These specific K

Factors allow for the most efficient use of water and pressure.


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Preaction

Systems


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Preaction Systems

Are: Fixed fire

protection systems with

CLOSED sprinklers

connected to pipingpressurized with air or

nitrogen (generally for

supervision) with a

dependable water supply

controlled by a normally

closed Deluge Valve

activated by a releasesystem


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Preaction Systems

Are Recommended :

For hazards where fast

application of water infire conditions is

important.

(Non and Single

Interlocked Pre-Action)


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Preaction Systems

Are Recommended :

To prevent water

damage due tomechanical damage to

system piping.

(Single and Double

Interlocked Pre-Action)


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Preaction Systems

Are Recommended :

Where water entering

the system piping couldharm the system, such

as a freezer.

(Double Interlocked Pre-

Action)


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PREACTION SYSTEMS

The building block of a pre-action

system is the deluge valve and trim.

Additions to the deluge valve and trim

will be a riser check valve, an airsupply, and closed head sprinkler

piping.


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Deluge Systems

Deluge valve with

Conventional Trim

(PORV)


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Deluge Systems

Deluge valve with

Conventional Trim

(PORV)


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Preaction Systems

Basic components of preactionsystems before release or interlock

are addressed

Preaction Components

Deluge valve

Valve trim

Riser Check valveSystem piping

Air supply


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Sprinkler Heads

Allowed toBe Installed

On Preaction Systems


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Dry Barrel Sprinkler

Upright Sprinkler

Horizontal SidewallSprinkler


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OR


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A pendent sprinkler installed on a return bend, where the sprinklerAnd the sprinkler line supplying it are in a heated area

Ceiling


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Deluge Valve

Deluge


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Priming chamber

Discharge or

outlet chamberInlet chamber

Deluge

Valves


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Deluge Valves

Held Closed by water pressure in priming chamber

Priming Chamber controlled by release system

When release system operates, priming chamber relieved of

Priming pressure, allowing deluge valve to open

Deluge


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Deluge

Valves Priming Deluge Valve Priming ChamberWith water

Note: Priming Supply

Provided upstream of

Control valve

Deluge Deluge valve primed closed with


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Deluge

Valves

g p

Water supply control valve open

Supply water pressure

Deluge Release System Operates


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Deluge

Systems

y p

Draining water from priming

chamber

Deluge Pressure in priming chamber is


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g

Valves

p g

Reduced, allowing clapper to open

Deluge


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g

Valves

Water flows into discharge

Chamber, out to sprinkler

System piping & discharge

outlets

DelugeDel ge al e remains open


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g

ValvesDeluge valve remains open

Until system is manually shut-down


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Model E Deluge Valve

Model F Deluge Valve

Model F Deluge Valve

Model E deluge valves

Available 1 , 2, 3,

4, and 6

Model F deluge valves

Available 1 , 2, 2 ,3, 4, 6, 8 Vertical and Horizontal


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Halar Coating

Corrosion Resistant Trim

Brass or Stainless Steel


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Preaction

Systems

PREACTION SYSTEM TYPES


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PREACTION SYSTEM TYPES

Interlock and Release

Non-Interlocked Preaction

-Electric or pneumatic releaseSingle Interlocked Preaction

-Electric Release

-Pneumatic Release

Double Interlocked Preaction

-Pneumatic/Pneumatic

-Electric/Pneumatic

-Electric/Electric


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SINGLE INTERLOCKED

PREACTION


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Single Interlock Operation

Activation of the Release System will cause theDeluge Valve to trip open.

Water will enter the closed sprinkler piping.

When (if) a sprinkler operates,Water will flow from the open sprinkler

immediately.

-Similar to a WET system!


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Single-Interlocked Pre-action Systems

Air Supply Considerations

Minimum Pressure: No minimum

Maximum to Fill system: 30 minutes

Water Delivery time to Inspectors Test: Notmeasured

May not be required if less than 20 sprinklers on

system

Preaction Systems


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RELEASE SYSTEMS FOR

SINGLE INTERLOCKED

PREACTION

y

Electric or

Pneumatic


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SINGLE INTERLOCKEDPREACTION

PNEUMATIC RELEASE

PNEUMATIC RELEASE


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PNEUMATIC RELEASE

-Sometimes referred to as dry pilot lines

-Resemble hydraulic release

-Utilize same release devices as hydraulic release-Are filled with pressurized air or nitrogen

-Important to keep release line free of moisture

-Used in areas subject to freezing

-Pneumatic actuator or pneumatic bypass held closed with air-Pneumatic actuator or pneumatic bypass is holding priming

water in priming chamber of deluge valve

Preaction


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Systems

Single Interlocked

Preaction

Pneumatic Release

= Direction of Air Flow


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SINGLE INTERLOCKEDPREACTION

ELECTRIC RELEASE

Preaction

S t Single Interlocked


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Systems Single Interlocked

Preaction ElectricRelease

= Direction of

Air flow


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DOUBLE INTERLOCKED

PREACTION

Double Interlock Operation


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The Release System must activate ..-(an alarm will sound)

-AND,

-Pressure in the sprinkler piping must be reduced-(due to a sprinkler opening in fire conditions)

To trip open the Deluge Valve.

In fire conditions,

- After the release system operates and the sprinkler

opens, water needs to travel from the Deluge Valve

to the open sprinkler.There may be a time delay similar to a Dry System.

Double-Interlocked Preaction Systems


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y

Air Supply Considerations

Minimum Pressure: 7 psi

Maximum to Fill system: 30 minutes

Water Delivery time to Inspectors Test:

Systems greater than 750 gallons capacity- 1 min.Systems 500 to 750 gallons- 1 min. unless a QOD is

installed

Preaction Systems


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Electric,

Pneumatic, or

Both

RELEASE SYSTEMS FOR

DOUBLE INTERLOCKED

PREACTION


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DOUBLE INTERLOCKEDPREACTION

PNEUMATIC/PNEUMATIC


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= Direction of Air

Flow

Double Interlocked

Preaction

Pneumatic/PneumaticRelease


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ELECTRIC/PNEUMATIC

Preaction


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Systems


Double Interlocked Electric/Pneumatic


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ELECTRIC / ELECTRIC

Preaction

Systems

Electric Release Device

And air supervisory switch

C d t l


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Systems Cross zoned at panel

Double Interlocked Preaction - Electric/Electric Release



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Viking

SureFire

PreactionSystems

SureFire


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Fail Safe Preaction SystemsFail safe pre-action systems are pre-action systems that

will operate when there is a loss of AC and DC power.

Some municipalities have fail-safe pre-action

requirements. In general, pneumatic release pre-action

systems are listed and approved fail-safe pre-action

systems.

You should check with the manufacturer if they have a

listed or approved fail-safe electric release pre-action

system option.

SureFire Pre-action

Systems


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Systems

Are Recommended :

Where operation of the

fire protection system inthe absence of electric

power or power outage

is a concern.

Viking SureFire

Release Trim Module To pressurized

system piping


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system piping

Solenoid valves are described by their position

when non-powered:

1) Normally OpenWhen non-powered the solenoid valve is

open

2) Normally Closed

When non-powered the solenoid valve isclosed

Pneumatic Actuator

Viking SureFire

Release Trim Module


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ReleaseSystems

24vdc Electric solenoid

(normally open)

24vdc Electric solenoid

(normally closed)


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TotalPac2 &

TrimPac


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Pneumatic Release


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Electric Release


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Electric/Pneumatic

Release


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TrimPac LabelsTrimPac is effixed with labels that indicate what type ofrelease is installed in the TrimPac trim, where the controlling

stainless steel hoses are to be installed, and where pressure

switches are to be installed.

TrimPac has access doors for an emergency release and for

the alarm test valve. TrimPac has viewports for priming watersupply and water supply pressure.


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TotalPac2

TotalPac 2 3 New Offerings


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Skid Remote Controlled Self Contained

Skid Units


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Same Base as Cabinet

- No Enclosure- Includes non-wired switches and non-wired

solenoid

- No air supply

- 1 6

Skid Units


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Skid Unit is used as a building block for

Remote Controlled and Self Contained unitsAvailable in: Pre-action

Deluge

HP Dry

Standard DryWet Systems

Cycling Systems

All units serialized

Remote Controlled Units


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Remote Controlled Units

Available in same systems as skidAll switches wired to terminal block

Four Air Supply Options


Self Contained Units


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Self Controlled Units

Available in same systems as skidAll switches and panel wired to

terminal block

Four Air Supply Options




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Control Area:

Release Control Panel BoardEmergency Batteries

Air Compressor Isolation

Switch

Sprinkler Head Storage Tray



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Two Swinging Doors to System

Area to allow for easier access

More Room to work on system

If maintenance is required

Supervised sprinkler

piping system

Shut-Off Valve (D4)

Supervised sprinkler

piping system

Shut-Off Valve (D4)

Other Available Options


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FM-072Q-0-09A.dwg

Sight-GlassAssembly (D5)

Point flashlight here

Supervised Water Supply

Control Valve (D1)

Deluge (A1) or

Flow Control Valve (A2)

Riser Check

Valve (D2)

Main Drain Valve

(D3)

FM-072Q-0-09A.dwg

Sight-GlassAssembly (D5)

Point flashlight here


Control Valve (D1)

Deluge (A1) or


Riser Check

Valve (D2)

Main Drain Valve

(D3)


Control Valve (D1)

Deluge (A1) or


FM-072Q-0-1

0A.dwg

Riser Check

Valve (D2)

To FIRE DEPT.

CONNECTION

(by contractor)

Grooved Tee

Connection


Control Valve (D1)

Deluge (A1) or


FM-072Q-0

-10A.dwg

Riser Check

Valve (D2)

To FIRE DEPT.

CONNECTION

(by contractor)

Grooved Tee

Connection

System Isolation ValveAnd Site Glass

Fire Dept. Conn.

Semi-Flanged Units

TotalPac 2 3 New Offerings


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Skid Remote Controlled Self Contained


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Questions?

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