Life’s Backbone Most of the compounds that make up living things contain carbon. In fact, carbon makes up the basic structure, or “backbone,” of these compounds. Each atom of carbon has four electrons in its outer energy level, which makes it possible for each carbon atom to form four bonds with other atoms. Section 2-3 Go to Section:
29
Embed
No Slide Title - WCSlmhsbio.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/0/10601628/biology_ch...1. On the top of your paper, make a list of at least five things that contain carbon. 2. Working with a
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Life’s Backbone
Most of the compounds that make up living things
contain carbon. In fact, carbon makes up the basic
structure, or “backbone,” of these compounds. Each
atom of carbon has four electrons in its outer energy
level, which makes it possible for each carbon atom to
form four bonds with other atoms.
Section 2-3
Go to
Section:
Life’s Backbone
As a result, carbon atoms can form long chains. A
huge number of different carbon compounds exist.
Each compound has a different structure. For
example, carbon chains can be straight or branching.
Also, other kinds of atoms can be attached to the
carbon chain.
1. On the top of your paper, make a list of at
least five things that contain carbon.
2. Working with a partner, review your list. If
you think some things on your list contain
only carbon, write “only carbon” next to
them.
3. If you know other elements that are in any
items on your list, write those elements
next to them.
Section 2-3
Go to
Section:
2–3 Carbon
Compounds A. The Chemistry of
Carbon
B. Macromolecules
C. Carbohydrates
D. Lipids
E. Nucleic Acids
F. Proteins
Section 2-3
Section Outline
Go to
Section:
The same principles of chemistry are used
for living and nonliving things.
Organic chemistry the study of all
compounds that contain bonds between
carbon atoms (organic compounds contain
bonds between carbon atoms)
Inorganic chemistry the study of the
chemical reactivity of all elements (inorganic
compounds do not contain bonds between
carbon atoms)
Carbon
Has four valence electrons
Each electron can join with an electron
with another atom through a covalent
bond
Can bind with C,H, O, P, S, and N, etc.
C to C bonds single, double, triple
Can form rings of C fig. 2-11
Methane Acetylene Butadiene Benzene Isooctane
Section 2-3
Figure 2-11 Carbon Compounds
Go to
Section:
• What do you think the lines represent?
Macromolecules
Giant molecules made from smaller molecules
Formed by polymerization make large compounds by putting small ones together
Monomers smaller units
Polymers larger units fig. 2-13
4 types of organic compounds found in living things carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, proteins
Some plants also use for structural purposes (cellulose)
Breakdown of sugars supplies energy for cells
Living things store extra sugar in the form of starch fig. 2-14
Section 2-3
Figure 2-13 A Starch
Go to
Section:
Types of Carbs Monosaccharides- single sugar molecule
(monomer) ex: glucose, fructose, galactose
Polysaccharides (polymer)- formed from many monosaccharides ex: stored in animals in form of glycogen…..blood sugar runs low, body releases glycogen for cell movement
Types of Carbs
Plant starch stores excess starch in plants (polysaccharide)