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CreativeLanguageAccessAdvocacy:RemovingLanguageasaBarriertoJusticeinRuraland
UrbanCommunities
NationalImmigrantWomen'sAdvocacyProject,AmericanUniversityWashingtonCollegeofLaw 1
July29,2015WorkshopII,SessionB
NewOrleans,LA
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Introductions• DetectiveShelliSonnenberg
– Detective,FinancialCrimesUnit,BoisePoliceDepartment
• OlgaTrujillo– PraxisInternational
• CannonHan– AsianPacificIslanderInstituteonDomesticViolence
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LearningObjectivesBytheendofthistraining,youwillbebetterableto:• IdentifyandbuildresourcesinyourcommunitytoadvocateforsurvivorswhoareLimitedEnglishProficiency(LEP)
• Thinkcreativelyaboutsourcesforinterpretationinyourcommunity
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AWorkingExampleBoisePoliceDepartment,Idaho
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RefugeesataGlance• Approximately26millionrefugeesandinternallydisplacedpeopleworldwide
• Refugeesaffecteverycontinent(exceptAntarctica)
• U.S.resettleslessthan½of1%oftheworld’srefugees(WyomingistheonlystatethatdoesnotresettlerefugeesintheU.S.)
• PresidentObamaandCongressmeettodeterminethenumberofrefugeestoberelocatedintheU.S.eachyear;thisyear70,000refugeeswillbeallowedentrytotheU.S.
• 80%oftherefugeesarewomenandchildren
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RefugeeAllocation(70,000)
U.S.resettlementnumbers– 2015Africa .......................17,000EastAsia.....................13,000EuropeandCentralAsia.......1,000LatinAmerica/Caribbean......4,000NearEast/SouthAsia.........33,000UnallocatedReserve...........2,000
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IdahoRefugees• Bosnia,Serbia,Albania,andKosovo• Columbia,Cuba,andHaiti• Afghanistan,Uzbekistan,Iran,andIraq• Sudan,Ethiopia,Somalia,Kenya,andBurundi• Liberia,SierraLeone,Niger,Rwanda,andCongo• Russia,Turkey,andtheUkraine• Burma,Vietnam,Nepal,andBhutan
***100differentlanguagesspokeninBoise***
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SudaneseRefugeeCamp
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Challenges• Refugeesleavebehinddanger,threats,substandardlivingconditions,andhunger– butalsoallthatisfamiliar
• Languagebarriersandculturaldifferences• Differencesinrules,law,punishments,andexpectationscausefearandconcernoftheunknown
• Familiaramenitiesareoftenforeigntotherefugeesintheirnewhomes
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Challenges• Whatbarriersexistinyourcommunities?
• Whatresourcesdoyoucurrentlyuse?
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ExamplesofHowTheseChallengesMightEffectLawEnforcement
• Time– Americansenseoftimevs.NewAmericansenseoftime
• Culturalawareness– Askmorethanonce– culturaldifferences– Whatcolorwasherhair?– Prayerrugexample
• Understandingoftheirbackground– Corruption/fearofgovernment– Fireandwater
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ExamplesofHowTheseChallengesAffectLawEnforcement
• Education– Afghanboy‐ story– ChildrenlearningEnglish– changeinthefamilydynamic
• Accept/embracedifferences– whencanweworktogether?– Chief/elderswereleaders/decisionmakers– Males/females
“MyWay”isnotalwaysthe“RightWay”
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ImmigrantCommunities
• Whilelookingintotheneedsoftherefugeecommunity,wediscoveredthattheimmigrantneedsintheareaweresimilar
• TheneedsforlanguageaccesscrossedoverandledtothecreationofapositionwithintheBoisePoliceDepartment:BPDRefugee/ImmigrantLiaisonOfficer
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TitleVIoftheCivilRightsActof1964• Anyrecipientoffederalfinancialassistancehasaresponsibilitytoensureaccess/understandingtoLimitedEnglishProficient(LEP)persons
• TheDepartmentofJustice(DOJ)stronglysuggests,butdoesnotrequire,awrittenlanguageassistanceplanbeputinplace(thisdoesnotprecludetheobligationoftherecipient)
• DOJdiscouragesuseofinformalinterpreters(familymembers,guardians,caretakers,friends)exceptinlimitedoremergencysituations
• DOJleavesthedeterminationofwhatdocumentsneedtobetranslatedforthebenefitoftheLEPpersonsuptotherecipient
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Whyisthisimportanttous?• Liability– DOJinvestigatesagenciesforcivilrightsdiscriminationviolations
• Funding• Protectionofofficers• Protectionofcitizens• Protectionforagency/organization• It’stherightthingtodo
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CreationoftheBPDInterpreterProgram
• Informalinterpretersbackfiredandcausedissuesforthedepartmentandtheofficers
• TimeissueswhendealingwithLEPpersons– Officerswereoftentieduponcallsforhoursortheyclearedthecallbeforepropermeasuresweretakenduetolanguagebarrier
• FrustrationforofficersandLEPpersonsinvolved• Limitedresourcescurrentlyavailable
– Useinformalinterpretersduetolackofalternativeoptions– Languagelineisextremelyexpensive(ex‐ $192.00/62minutes)andthedialectsarenotalwayscompatible
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Resources• LocalHospitals• Courthouse• Schools• LanguageLine• BoiseStateUniversity,SchoolofSocialWork
– Boiseinterpreters.com
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ResettlementAgenciesinIdaho
• IdahoOfficeForRefugees‐ Boise• InternationalRescueCommittee‐ Boise• AgencyforNewAmericans‐ Boise• WorldRelief‐ Boise• CSIRefugeePrograms– TwinFalls
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BPDInterpreterProgram• Interpretersareidentifiedbyestablishedrefugeeagencies,and/orestablishedinterpreterlists(lettersofrecommendation)
• Application/backgroundcheckscompleted• BPDtrainingcompleted
– Bothforinterpretersandofficers• Payment:$20.00/hr.– scheduledappointments
$25.00/hr.– callout(2hr.minimum)• Invoiceandaccountabilityformcompletedbysupervisoroneachcallout
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InterpreterList
• Dispatchhasacopyofthelistavailable– 911callsstillgothroughlanguageline
• WatchCommanderhasaccesstolistinthefield
• Citrix– officersnowhaveaccesstolistonMDT(stillneedsupervisorapproval)
• Otherareaagencieshavestartedtousethelist
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BestPractices:LanguageAccessImmigrantLegalServices• Provideslegalservicestosurvivors
• Hasbicultural/bilingualstaff– 6languages
• Specialemphasisoninterpretersfornativeorindigenouslanguages
• Statewideinterpretationservice
StateDualCoalition• Developedlanguageaccesstoolkit– Madeavailableonline
• Conductstrainingsacrossthestatetohelpmemberprogramswithlanguageaccessplans
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BestPractices:ForStaffingYourProgram
• EngagingSurvivors– LatinaAdvocatefromlocalimmigrantcommunity– MonolingualSpanishSpeaker– conductingadvocacyinSpanish
• LatinoAdvocate– conductingbattererinterventionprogramsinSpanish
• LAV– ThreeBilingualAttorneys– Onefocusingonimmigrationissues
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BestPractices:RemoteRuralCommunity
• Twostaff– oneattorney&oneadvocate– Bilingual– Bicultural
• Adaptingtocommunityneeds• Engagingcommunitymembers• Buildingrelationships&trust
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CommonPitfalls• Tryingtobuildtrusttoofast
• Openinganofficeandexpectingpeopletocome
• DVorSAclassesinruralcommunities– Noconfidentiality=noattendees
• Beingthe“expert”• Askingtotrainrurallawenforcement
• Askingforchangesearlyinrelationships
• Askingfortrust…• Multilingualoutreach
– Noinfrastructure
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Tools• CoordinatedCommunityResponse
– IncorporateLanguageAccess– StrategizeTogether
• InstitutionalAnalysis/CommunityAssessments– LanguageAccess– showsupintextanalysisregardlessofissuesexamined.
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Tools:InstitutionalAnalysis/CommunityAssessment
• Methodsforinstitutionalanalysisandsystemschangeworkrootedinthefieldofsociologycalledinstitutionalethnography
• Toolsprovidewaysforactivistsandrepresentativesfrominstitutionsthatprocess“cases”tomovetowardapproachesthataltertheongoingcaseprocessingroutinesthatultimatelyshapecaseoutcomes– Avoidspointingfingersofblameatindividualsforfailingtoprotectvictims
– Practitionersandadvocatesworkside‐by‐sidetoanalyzehowsystemsorganizetheday‐to‐dayroutinesofindividualpractitionerstoeithercentralizeormarginalizeattentiontovictimsafety
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QuestionsfromtheInteragencyLanguageRoundtable(ILR)
• Icanunderstandbasicdirectionsandinstructions,suchashowtogettoalocalstore
• Icanaccuratelyfollowallconversationsamongnativespeakerswhoarespeakingatanormalrateofspeech
• Icancarryoutanyjobassignmentaseffectivelyasifinmynativelanguage
• Icanfullyunderstandallformsandstylesofspeech;thisincludesslang,jokes,andpuns
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Whatlanguagesdoyouspeak?Whatisfluency?
Listening3+(GeneralProfessionalProficiency)Abletounderstandtheessentialsofallspeechinastandarddialectincludingtechnicaldiscussionswithinaspecialfield.Hasbroadenoughvocabularythatrarelyhastoaskforparaphrasingorexplanation.Doesnotunderstandnativespeakersiftheyspeakveryquicklyorusesomeslangordialect.
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Fluency
Speaking3+(GeneralProfessionalProficiency)Canusethelanguageaspartofnormalprofessionaldutiessuchasansweringobjections,clarifyingpoints,justifyingdecisions,understandingtheessenceofchallenges,statinganddefendingpolicy,conductingmeetings,deliveringbriefings,orotherextendedandelaborateinformativemonologues.
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AssessingLanguageSkill• Interagencylanguageroundtableselfassessment
• Developinglanguagefluencytest• Havingbilingualstaffassess• Usingglossariesanddictionaries• Usingarticlesandtextsinthetargetlanguage• Localcollegeoruniversityassessment• Payingforaprofessionalassessment
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Knowledge,Skills,andAbilitiesneededtobeaninterpreter
• Nativelikeproficiencyinbothlanguages• Knowledgeanduseofabroadrangeofvocabulary,includinglegalterminology,subject‐specificterminology,andslang
• Knowledgeanduseofculturalnuances,regionalvariations,idiomaticexpressions,andcolloquialismsinallworkinglanguages
• Abilitytospeakwithproperpronunciation,diction,andintonationinallworkinglanguages
• Abilitytolistentoandcomprehendvariousregionalaccentsand/ordialecticaldifferencesinallworkinglanguages
• Abilitytopracticeandfollowethicalstandards
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LanguageIdentificationGuide
DepartmentofHomelandSecuritycreatedabooklettoassistwithlanguageidentification.
http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/crcl/crcl‐i‐speak‐booklet‐law‐enforcement.pdf
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NMCADVAccessibilityProject
• Reimbursenon‐profitserviceprovidersforvictimservicesincluding:– LanguageLine(throughPacificInterpretersandbilleddirectlytoNMCADV)
– LiveLanguageInterpreters– DocumentTranslation(Pre‐approvalneeded)– LiveSignLanguageInterpreters– VideoRemoteInterpreting– ADAkitsforDHHclients
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BuildingInterpreterandTranslatorPools
Recruitingandtraining bilingualindividualstoworkasinterpretersandtranslators.fromthecommunity,including:students,medicalinterpreters,languageinstructors,andindividualslookingforcareeropportunities
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InterpretationSkillsBuildingTraining
APIGBVassistsgranteesbyprovidingwebbasedandin‐person
interpretationskillsbuildingtrainings
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MultilingualAdvocateModel
TheAsianWomen’sSheltersupplementsthelanguagecapacityofstaffbyrecruitingbilingualwomeninthecommunityaslanguage
advocatesTheseadvocatesareprovidedwithaninitial42‐hourtrainingaswellasadditionalongoingtrainings,support,andsupervision
Theyarepaid$15/hourandworktogetherwithstaffandclientsasateam,dependingonthelanguageneedsattheshelter
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CommunityLegalInterpreterBank
Ayuda’s CommunityLegalInterpreterBankprovidesaffordablelegalinterpretersfortheDClegalservicescommunity
Itidentifiesexperiencedinterpretersandtrainstheminskillsneededforlegalinterpretationintheattorney‐clientsetting
Interpretersarethentestedtoensuretheircompetenceinthefieldsoftheirlanguageskills,understandingofthelegalsystem,andadherencetoethical
standards
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TheSummit/LorainProject
TheSummitCountySheriff ’sOfficeandCityofLorainPoliceDepartmentdevelopedmodellanguageaccesspoliciesandprocedureforlawenforcement
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MobileLanguageInterpretationProject
AT&TdonatedphonestotheSanFrancisco'sPoliceDepartmentthatdirectlyconnectwithLanguageLine
Services.IfanEnglishspeakingPoliceOfficerrespondstoadomesticviolencecallanddiscoversthatthevictimdoesnotspeakEnglish,sheorhewillbeabletousethephoneto
immediatelyaccessatelephonicinterpreter.
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VictimTranslationAssistanceTool
UnitedNationsVITAisatoolcreatedbytheUnitedNationsusingaudiomessages,thatallowslawenforcementofficialstoprovidealevelofbasicassistance
tovictimsofhumantraffickingThisaudiotool,consistingofkeyencountermessages,wasdevelopedtofacilitatetheidentificationofatraffickedpersonandthelaunchofa
criminalinvestigationThirty‐fivebasicquestionsandmessageshavebeenrecordedand
translatedinto40languages,takingintoaccountspecialquestionsforchildren
http://ungift.org/knowledgehub/en/tools/vita.html
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VictimTranslationAssistanceToolUnitedNations
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VictimTranslationAssistanceToolUnitedNations
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VictimTranslationAssistanceToolUnitedNations
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VictimTranslationAssistanceToolUnitedNations
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ResourcesInterpretationTechnicalAssistanceResourceCenter
[email protected] |415‐568‐3326www.lep.gov
UNVictimTranslationAssistanceToolwww.ungift.org/knowledgehub/en/tools/vita.html
InteragencyLanguageRoundtablewww.govtilr.org/
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InterpretationTechnicalAssistanceResourceCenter
CannonHan,ProjectCoordinator415‐568‐3326|[email protected] ,ProjectCoordinator415‐568‐3338|[email protected]
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TechnicalAssistanceandMaterials
• PowerPointpresentationsandmaterialsforthisconferenceatwww.niwap.org/go/NOLA2015
• NIWAPTechnicalAssistance:– Call(202)274‐4457– E‐[email protected]
• WebLibrary:www.niwaplibrary.wcl.american.edu
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Questions
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Evaluations
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Thankyou!
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THIS PROJECT WAS SUPPORTED BY GRANT NO. 2013-TA-AX-K009 AWARDED BY THE OFFICE ON VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE. THE OPINIONS, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS EXPRESSED IN THIS PUBLICATION/PROGRAM/EXHIBITION ARE THOSE OF THE AUTHOR(S) AND DO NOT NECESSARILY REFLECT THE VIEWS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, OFFICE ON VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN.