SUBMITTED TO- SUBMITTEBD BY- Mr. SANDEEP TOSHNIWAL AMARDEEP H.O.D (ECE)
CONTENTS INTRODUCTION
A SCHEMATIC VIEW OF HYDRO POWER PLANT
HISTORY OF HYDRO POWER PLANT
HOW A HYDROELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM WORKS
NATIONAL POLICY ON HYDROPOWER IN INDIA
TURBINES
POWER HOUSE
POWER GENERATION
ADVANTAGES OF HYDRO POWER PLANT
DISADVANTAGES OF HYDRO POWER PLANT
CONCLUSION
INTRODUCTION Hydroelectric power (hydropower) systems convert the
kinetic energy in flowing water into electric energy.
Falling or flowing water turns a propeller like piece called a turbine.
The turbine turns a metal shaft in an electric generator which produces electricity.
HISTORY OF HYDROPOWER
The first hydroelectric power dam in the world was built in
Appleton, Wisconsin in 1882.
In India, Jamshed ji Tata built the first hydroelectric power dam in
the Western Ghats of Maharashtra in the early 1900s to supply
power to Bombay’s Cotton and Textile Mills.
He took the British Government’s permission to build dams,
namely the Andhra, Sirowata, Valvan and Mulshi hydel dams in
the Western Ghats to generate electricity using high rainfalls in the
hills as storage.
o Flowing water is directed at a
turbine.
o The flowing water causes the
turbine to rotate, converting the
water’s kinetic energy into
mechanical energy.
The mechanical energy produced by the turbine is
converted into electric energy using a turbine
generator.
Inside the generator, the shaft of the turbine spins a
magnet inside coils of copper wire.
It is a fact of nature that moving a magnet near a
conductor causes an electric current.
NATIONAL POLICY ON HYDROPOWER IN
INDIA
Aim To accelerate the development of Hydropower
Introduced In 1998
Introduced by Ministry of Power (MoP) and Government of
India (GoI)
With Central, State and Private hydropower projects
contributing 3455 MW, 5810 and 550 MW respectively, the GoI
aims to reach the total capacity of 9815 MW during the ninth
plan. (The XIth Plan aims capacity addition of 18781 MW in
the hydropower sector)
TURBINES
turbines are used to convert the energy water of falling water into mechanical energy.
water turbine is a rotary engine that takes energy from moving water.
flowing water is directed on to the blades of a turbine runner, creating a force on the blades.
Since the runner is spinning, the force acts through a distance n this way, energy is transferred from the water flow to the turbine.
The principal types of turbines are:1) Impulse turbine2) Reaction Turbine
Impulse turbines : Mainly used in high head plants.
the entire pressure of water is converted into kinetic energy in a
nozzle and the velocity of the jet drives the blades of turbine.
The nozzle consist of a needle, and quantity of water jet falling
on the turbine is controlled this needle placed in the tip of the
nozzle.
If the load on the turbine decreases, the governor pushes the
needle into the nozzle, thereby reducing the quantity of water
striking the turbine.
Examples of Impulse turbines are: Pelton Wheel. Turgo Michell-Banki (also known as the Cross flow or
Ossberger turbine.
Reaction turbines : Are mainly for low and medium head
plants.
In reaction turbine the water enters the runner partly with
pressure energy and partly with velocity head.
Most water turbines in use are reaction turbines and are
used in low (<30m/98 ft) and medium (30-300m/98–
984 ft)head applications.
In reaction turbine pressure drop occurs in both fixed and
moving blades.
In this turbine the runner blades changed with respect to guide vane opening.
As the sudden decrease of load takes place, the guide vane limit decreases according to that runner blade closes.
Examples of reaction turbines are:Francis turbineKaplan turbine
Power House
Power house contains the electro mechanicalequipment i.e. hydro power turbine, Generator,excitation system, main inlet valves, transformers,Switchyard, DC systems, governor, bus duct, step uptransformers, step down transformers, high voltagesswitch gears, control metering for protection ofsystems.
The amount of electricity that can be generated by ahydropower plant depends on two factors:• flow rate - the quantity of water flowing in a giventime; and• head - the height from which the water falls.The greater the flow and head, the more electricityproduced.
Flow Rate = the quantity of water flowingHead = the height from which water falls
POWER GENERATION
ADANTAGES OF HYDRO
POWER PLANT
» No fuel charges,» Running cost almost nil,» No stand by losses,» Highly reliable,» Efficiency does not decrease with time,» Construction and operation wise very simple,» Maintenance cost very less,» Starts quickly and synchronizes fast,
DISADVANTAGES OF HYDROPOWER PLANT
o Higher initial cost.o Takes long time of erection.o Plants are setup at distant places so transmission
losses increases.o Totally dependent on the availability of water.o Larger area required,o Period of installation time is high.
CONCLUSION
As I am interested to work in networking and communication field learn a lot at NHPC
Power which is the backbone of our country, almost 33% get lost in transmission.
In my internship I came to know that with the help of IT&C we can reduce AT&C losses.
I have also learnt about the network connectivity at NHPC LTD.