SNZ 0008 ENHANCING VISITOR EXPERIENCE AT THE OWELA DISPLAY CENTRE THROUGH INTERACTIVE MEDIA An Interactive Qualifying Project Report Submitted to the faculty of Worcester Polytechnic Institute In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Degree of Bachelor of Science Sponsoring Agency: The National Museum of Namibia Submitted to: OnSite Liaison: Anzel Veldman, Curator, Owela Display Centre Project Advisor: Svetlana Nikitina, WPI Professor Project CoAdvisor: Reinhold Ludwig, WPI Professor Submitted by: _________________________________________ Lee Chiang _________________________________________ Lillian Clark _________________________________________ Janine Pizzimenti Date: 7 May 2010
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SNZ 0008
ENHANCING VISITOR EXPERIENCE AT THE OWELA DISPLAY CENTRE THROUGH INTERACTIVE MEDIA
An Interactive Qualifying Project Report Submitted to the faculty of Worcester Polytechnic Institute
In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Degree of Bachelor of Science
Sponsoring Agency:
The National Museum of Namibia
Submitted to:
On-‐Site Liaison: Anzel Veldman, Curator, Owela Display Centre
Project Advisor: Svetlana Nikitina, WPI Professor
Project Co-‐Advisor: Reinhold Ludwig, WPI Professor
Submitted by:
_________________________________________
Lee Chiang
_________________________________________
Lillian Clark
_________________________________________
Janine Pizzimenti
Date: 7 May 2010
ii
ABSTRACT This project, sponsored by the National Museum of Namibia, sought to create
informative and engaging touch screen displays for the omahangu millet, traditional musical
instruments, and Etosha exhibits in the Owela Display Centre. Content for the displays was
based on input from staff and visitors, in addition to our own research of the topics. The touch
screens allow local and foreign visitors to interactively learn about Namibia’s rich history and
natural resources, while also providing them with a satisfying museum experience.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to thank the following for helping us make this project possible:
The National Museum of Namibia
Anzel Veldman, Curator of The Owela Display Centre, and our liaison
Eugene Marais, Curator
Jacobina Nghulonda, Librarian at the National Museum’s reference library
Emma /Uiras, Receptionist at the Museum Acre
Worcester Polytechnic Institute
Svetlana Nikitina, Advisor
Reinhold Ludwig, Co-‐Advisor
Robert Hersh, ID2050 professor
Christine Drew, Librarian
National Archives of Namibia
Namibian Scientific Society
Dr. Minette Mans, Namibian traditional music expert
Jeffrey Forgeng, Curator, Higgins Armory, Worcester, MA
Executive Summary.............................................................................................................................. Clark & Pizzimenti
Chapter 1: Introduction ...................................................................................................................... Clark & Pizzimenti
Chapter 2: Background .......................................................................................................Chiang, Clark & Pizzimenti
2.2 Historical and Cultural Exhibit Planning....................................................................................................Clark
2.3 Museum Visitor Interaction ......................................................................................................... Chiang & Clark
2.4 Benefits of Interactive Museum Displays................................................................................................Chiang
2.4.1 Touch Screen Kiosk ..................................................................................................... Clark & Pizzimenti
2.4.2 Sound System Integration .................................................................................................................Chiang
3.4 Research Plan .........................................................................................................................................................Clark
3.5 Design Plan ...........................................................................................................................................................Chiang
4.6 Sustainability of Design .................................................................................................................................Chiang
4.7 Summary of Results.............................................................................................................................................Clark
Chapter 5: Conclusions and Recommendations....................................................................... Clark & Pizzimenti
5.1 The Value of Interactive Media for the National Museum .......................................................Pizzimenti
5.2 Recommendations for the Future .................................................................................................................Clark
Appendix O: Display User Guide ..............................................................................................................................Chiang
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract.......................................................................................................................................................................................... ii
Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................................................. iii
Authorship................................................................................................................................................................................... iv
Table of Contents...................................................................................................................................................................... vi
Table of Figures......................................................................................................................................................................... ix
2.2 Historical and Cultural Exhibit Planning............................................................................................................ 3
2.3 Museum Visitor Interaction ..................................................................................................................................... 5
2.4 Benefits of Interactive Museum Displays........................................................................................................... 6
2.4.2 Sound System Integration..............................................................................................................................10
2.6 The Owela Display Centre At The National Museum of Namibia ..........................................................13
2.6.1 The Omahangu Display ...................................................................................................................................14
2.6.2 Traditional Musical Instrument Display..................................................................................................15
Chapter 3: Methodology and Plan ....................................................................................................................................17
3.4 Research Plan ...............................................................................................................................................................20
3.5 Design Plan ....................................................................................................................................................................21
4.6 Sustainability of Design............................................................................................................................................36
4.7 Summary of Results...................................................................................................................................................37
Chapter 5: Conclusions and Recommendations.........................................................................................................38
5.1 The Value of Interactive Media for the National Museum ........................................................................38
5.2 Recommendations for the Future .......................................................................................................................39
5.2.1 Expansions on the Omahangu Display .....................................................................................................39
5.2.2 Expansions on the Traditional Musical Instrument display ...........................................................39
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5.2.3 Expansions on the Etosha Display..............................................................................................................40
5.2.4 Other Recommendations for the Use of Technology..........................................................................40
Appendix A: Museum Staff Interview Plan .............................................................................................................45
Appendix J: Omahangu Display HTML Code ..........................................................................................................67
Appendix K: Traditional Musical Instruments Display HTML Code ............................................................93
Appendix L: Etosha Display HTML Code..................................................................................................................98
Appendix M: Survey Data ............................................................................................................................................119
Appendix O: Display User Guides.............................................................................................................................125
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TABLE OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Panorama of Omahangu Display ........................................................................................................... 14
Where: National Museum of Namibia When: Week of March 15th to March 19th Who: Anzel Veldman, curator, and any other staff member important to our project How: In person
Introduction:
We are the group of engineering students from Worcester Polytechnic Institute
in the United States. We are in Windhoek to help improve the Etosha and Musical
Instruments Displays here at the Owela Display Centre. We are interviewing you to help
us gain a better understanding of your expected results of our project. Thank you for
your time.
Information Goals:
What makes a good interactive exhibit?
What are some visible ways in which they enhance a visitor’s experience?
Have there been any other technological updates in the museum?
o If so, what was the result?
Who will be implementing the final design?
What resources, either materials or people, will be useful to our group to gather more
information about the displays?
What research materials are available in the museum for us to use?
What are some things that you would like to see in the displays as a result of this
project?
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APPENDIX B: VISITOR INTERVIEW PLAN
Details:
Where: National Museum of Namibia When: Week of March 15th to March 19th Who: Visitors at the Owela Display Centre who are willing to participate How: In person
Introduction:
We are a group of engineering students from Worcester Polytechnic Institute in
the United States. We are here in Windhoek working with the National Museum of
Namibia in assisting them to improve their displays. We will be researching traditional
Namibian music and Etosha National Park to gather additional information to be
included in their displays.
Your participation in this interview is both voluntary and confidential. None of
your personal information will appear in our research reports. The results of this
interview will be used to help direct our research, so that we can investigate what
visitors like you would most want to see in the modified exhibits. Thank you for your
time.
Information Goals:
Why have you come to the museum today?
How many times have you been to the National Museum of Namibia?
Which topics in the museum do you find to be the most interesting?
o Most informative?
o Most entertaining?
From a your standpoint, what makes a good exhibit?
Are there some exhibits you have seen in other museums in Africa or elsewhere that have stood out to you or gotten your attention?
o Any specific examples?
Are there certain kinds of exhibits you find boring?
Introduction: We are a group of engineering students from Worcester Polytechnic Institute in the United States. We are here in Windhoek working with the National Museum of Namibia to improve their displays. Your participation in this survey is both voluntary and confidential. None of your personal information will appear in our research reports. The results of this survey will help us determine the success or failure of our displays. Thank you for your time.
Basic Questions:
Including today, how many times have you visited the Owela Display Centre? _____1 _____ 2-‐5 _____ 5-‐10 _____ 10+
Do you live in the Windhoek region? _____ Yes _____ No (If no, where are you from: ________________________________)
What is your age? _____ Under 18 _____ 18-‐34 _____ 35-‐59 _____ 60+
Knowledge Questions: How much do you know about the following topics?
I know… Nothing A little An average amount A lot About… The people who grow the Omahangu Millet
Traditional Namibian musical instruments
The animals of Etosha
Satisfaction Questions: Please respond to the following statements on the following scale by checking one box in each row:
Statement Strongly Agree
Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree
Overall, I was happy with the exhibit The exhibit met my expectations The information presented was interesting I felt engaged in the exhibit I enjoyed my time with the exhibit I learned something from the exhibit I spent longer than I expected at the exhibit The exhibit was easy to view I will recommend the Owela Museum to others
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Owela Display Centre Survey
Knowledge Questions: How much do you know about the following topics?
I know… Nothing A little An average amount A lot About… The people who grow the Omahangu Millet
Traditional Namibian musical instruments
The animals of Etosha
Satisfaction Questions: Please respond to the following statements on the following scale by checking one box in each row:
Statement Strongly Agree
Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree
Overall, I was happy with the exhibit The exhibit met my expectations The information presented was interesting I felt engaged in the exhibit I enjoyed my time with the exhibit I learned something from the exhibit I spent longer than I expected at the exhibit The exhibit was easy to view I will recommend the Owela Museum to others
Present: Anzel Veldman, Eugene Marais, Janine Pizzimenti, Lee Chiang, and Lillian Clark
March 17, 2010
What makes a good interactive exhibit?
It should provide more information because currently some of the exhibits do not give much for the visitor to learn about. There should be additional information and content to put into touch screen displays
What are some visible ways in which they enhance a visitor’s experience?
Visitors will spend more time in the museum learning about the exhibits.
Have there been any other technological updates in the museum? If so, what was the result?
There was a TV in one of the displays and it played a movie but the sound was distracting for museum staff and got annoying. A lot of the displays have not been updated in quite some time. The ones you will be working on are semi-‐permanent. The pottery display and the cheetah display are subject to change so you should not choose to work on them.
Who will be implementing the final design?
The touch screens are available and you will be able to program them with you designs. There are three touch screens in total, which can be operated from old computers. You will be programming the displays in html and will need the touch screen software.
What resources, either materials or people, will be useful to our group to gather more information about the displays?
The Polytechnic of Namibia and the museum library have resources that are available for research. Eugene is knowledgeable about the technology aspects of this project. There are museum staff will be willing to help if you ask. Dr. Minette Mans will also be useful for obtaining recordings and pictures for the music display
What research materials are available in the museum for us to use?
The museum library has lots of books that are available. There is a color copier and scanner in Anzel’s office.
What are some things that you would like to see in the displays as a result of this project?
The displays should be geared towards high school students and adults. The touch screens will be installed too high for young children so they do not risk breaking them. There is a room in the Owela Display Centre that is more appropriate for their age. Sounds should be added, especially for the music display. Maybe it would be beneficial to have motion sensors for the sounds?
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APPENDIX E: VISITOR INTERVIEW NOTES
March 18, 2010
11:05 am - Middle-aged man
Why have you come to the museum today?
I am visiting the museum from the Netherlands because my great grand father was a pioneer in Namibia and he wanted to come back and learn more about the history of the country.
How many times have you been to the National Museum of Namibia?
It was my first time at the museum.
Which topics in the museum do you find to be the most interesting?
None of the exhibits really stood out to me but I prefer face-‐to-‐face interaction to learn about history instead of the exhibits
From a your standpoint, what makes a good exhibit?
They should be interactive
Are there some exhibits you have seen in other museums in Africa or elsewhere that have stood out to you or gotten your attention?
None
Are there certain kinds of exhibits you find boring?
These exhibits are not that interesting and I have seen most of the items in them before
How could the displays in the museum be improved?
I suggest adding multimedia to make the displays more informative and interesting
12:15 pm – Three young adults
Why have you come to the museum today?
We’re all studying to be 6th and 7th grade teachers at the Windhoek College of Education. We came to learn more about music, drama, and culture.
How many times have you been to the National Museum of Namibia?
It’s our first time at the museum.
Which topics in the museum do you find to be the most interesting?
The animal and the Omahangu displays are our favorites.
From a your standpoint, what makes a good exhibit?
Sounds
Are there some exhibits you have seen in other museums in Africa or elsewhere that have stood out to you or gotten your attention?
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None
Are there certain kinds of exhibits you find boring?
None
How could the displays in the museum be improved?
The displays could be improved if we could hear how the people talked or what the instruments sound like.
12:40 pm – Middle-aged couple
Why have you come to the museum today?
We are from Namibia and had never been before.
How many times have you been to the National Museum of Namibia?
Our first time at the museum.
Which topics in the museum do you find to be the most interesting?
Our favorite displays were the ones with the cheetah and the Etosha display
From a your standpoint, what makes a good exhibit?
More information
Are there some exhibits you have seen in other museums in Africa or elsewhere that have stood out to you or gotten your attention?
None
Are there certain kinds of exhibits you find boring?
None
How could the displays in the museum be improved?
We suggest that the museum advertise in the newspaper to get more tourists to visit
12:45 pm – Young Couple
Why have you come to the museum today?
We’re from Namibia and had never been to the museum
How many times have you been to the National Museum of Namibia?
First time
Which topics in the museum do you find to be the most interesting?
We were impressed by all of the animals that were in the displays and they thought they looked real. The man’s favorite was the Omahangu because it is his culture
From a your standpoint, what makes a good exhibit?
Learning about the culture is interesting
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Are there some exhibits you have seen in other museums in Africa or elsewhere that have stood out to you or gotten your attention?
None
Are there certain kinds of exhibits you find boring?
None
How could the displays in the museum be improved?
No suggestions
1:30 pm – Family with two young kids
Why have you come to the museum today?
[Father]: I come a lot and wanted to bring the family today.
How many times have you been to the National Museum of Namibia?
The family comes to the museum a lot.
Which topics in the museum do you find to be the most interesting?
The children love the crocodile and the animals, especially the bird in the Etosha display.
From a your standpoint, what makes a good exhibit?
Interesting for the children
Are there some exhibits you have seen in other museums in Africa or elsewhere that have stood out to you or gotten your attention?
None
Are there certain kinds of exhibits you find boring?
None
How could the displays in the museum be improved?
No suggestions
1:35 pm – Five young adults
Why have you come to the museum today?
We are from Namibia and had never been to the museum before.
How many times have you been to the National Museum of Namibia?
First time.
Which topics in the museum do you find to be the most interesting?
We come from all backgrounds and like to see the displays that show each of our cultures and traditions. Our favorite displays were the Etosha display and the springbok
From a your standpoint, what makes a good exhibit?
Ones that display interesting things about the cultures
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Are there some exhibits you have seen in other museums in Africa or elsewhere that have stood out to you or gotten your attention?
None
Are there certain kinds of exhibits you find boring?
We do not like the snake.
How could the displays in the museum be improved?
No suggestions, we really liked it.
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APPENDIX F: OMAHANGU DISPLAY CONTENT
The Okavango River, with a length of more than 1100 km, provides water and fertile
soils for the many people who settle near its banks. The San (“Bushmen”) lived on the north and
south sides of the lower Okavango before the five Bantu tribes who are now settled along the
banks. The area north of the lower Okavango has only been sparsely settled but on the middle
banks there are Ngangela, Nyemba, and a small group of Mbwela. To the west the Ovambo
people are densely settled. The Fwe, Subia, and Yei peoples are on the east of the river. The
Kavango peoples are also located on the east of the river flood plain. Bantu peoples settled near
the borders of the Okavango swamp are Yei, Tawana, and Herero (Rodin, 1985).
Agriculture is the chief food source. Other vital sources of food include cattle raising,
fishing, hunting, and gathering. The Omahangu millet (Pennisetum typhoïdes) is a staple food for
the people of northern Namibia and the most important cultivated plant in Africa. This is
because it can withstand extended drought and still produce a crop with a minimum of rainfull,
unlike corn or mealies. It also has a higher nutritive value and more protein compared to corn.
In fact, during the rainy season when food can be scarce, the young millet seeds are sometimes
cooked in fat and eaten to reduce the effects of starvation. Its common names are millet, pearl
millet, poko grass, kaffermannam, and fokogras (Rodin, 1985).
The millet is cultivated using a hoe (ekuna) to till the soil and the women plant the seeds
on raised mounds of soil usually during the month of December. The raised mounds prevent the
seed from being washed away during the rainy season. The millet is harvested usually from
April to June after the rainy season. After the grain is harvested, it is stored in large baskets that
the men make from reeds found in the river. The baskets are smeared with clay and dung to seal
to top and to keep animals out (Rodin, 1985).
According to Rodin (1985), omahangu can have up to seventeen uses in the northern
Namibian cultures. The most important use is or porridge, which is prepared by the women.
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After the grain has dried, the flour is sifted and the yellow bran is removed until there is only
white flour remaining. The fine white flour is added to the boiling water until the mixture is
thick. This meal is typically eaten with either meat or potherbs.
Another use of the millet is for beer. Bran (onghundu) is sometimes mixed with the
white flour and made into a “rough beer” which is made over night and has a low alcohol
content. Kaffir beer (omalodu) is another type of beer that is consumed in large quantities. It can
be considered a staple food because of the high amount of millet flour that is suspended in the
drink and the low alcohol content. Another Kaffir beer (omanyeu) is made without the addition
of the fine flour and has even less of an alcohol content. Because it is a little sweeter the children
like to drink it. Rough beer (oshikundu) is made from the malt sediment and is usually drunk
early in the morning. It has a lot of grain suspension, which makes it much thicker than the
other beers (Rodin, 1985).
Cakes can be made from dough prepared from the ground flour along with cold water
and salt. The dough is patted into flat cakes called omungome and then cooked on coals. This
dough can also be rolled into balls and cooked in boiling water, similar to dumplings eaten by
Europeans. Another form of cake can be made from boiling ground millet and salt to form
porridge. It is then roasted over a charcoal fire. These cakes were popular to take when
travelling or hunting as food (Rodin, 1985).
There are several other smaller uses for omahangu. The green stems and leaves can be
used to clean the teeth after eating. The coarser parts of the flour (onghundu) can also be used
to clean the red ochre grease paint from the body. Dried stalks of the plant (oshihati) are used as
one of the grasses for the thatching of the conical roofs over the cooking areas, as seen in Figure
1. They are not very waterproof but they provide shade from the sun during the hot dry
weather (Rodin, 1985).
One of the main cultivators of the omahangu millet is the Ovambo people of northern
Namibia and southern Angola. They called themselves the Aayamba, meaning the rich, and were
56
named Ovambo by the Herero people. They were agricultural and cattle raising people, so their
food supply was dependent on annual rainfall. Some of their crops included millet, kaffir, and
some beans an vegetables, and they cultivated them on raised ground. Agriculture was not their
only skill, they had many handicrafts, such as basketry, pottery, and metal working—typically
copper and iron (Eiroia, 1983).
Ovamboland, the area the Ovambo people were settled, was divided into small
kingdoms. Each king of the sub-‐tribe had absolute power. He was also the mediator of the
people and higher powers, so him and his family were considered sacred. Each tribe then
consisted of clans, and sometimes sub-‐clans. Their houses were widely scattered, and people
lived with people of all different clans. The Ovambo people followed a matrilineal pattern, and
were polygamists. If wealthy, a man could have five of six wives, and even a poorer man could
have two or three. The more wives a man had, the higher his status in the community (Eiroia,
1983).
The chief was the priest and master of the land, as well as the judge and leader in war.
He therefore had wealth and religious status. The Ovambo people had a realistic and sensible
religion that promised the people assistance in their everyday lives. However, it had many rules
and taboo. The people honored age, wealth, and the deceased. For example, a deceased father
was believed to give his family fertility, good harvest, and good health. Additionally, the
Onganga cured illnesses, explained the will of spirits, and interpreted omens (Eiroia, 1983).
Ovambo children are taught traditional songs and dances at a young age. They often play
drums and skip to these songs. Boys hunted with bows and arrows they made, and girls made
dolls and would play “mother” with them in small homes they made of grass, where they would
even cook small amounts of food. Girls also would make clay pots, woven baskets, and beads
from seeds. In general, girls worked with the plants, while boys worked with the animals,
although boys collected marula fruit and the girls would extract the juice to make beer. Also,
grandparents would tell the children stories and proverbs around the fire. (Kenny, 1991).
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APPENDIX G: NOTES FROM EMAIL CORRESPONDENCE WITH DR. MANS
March 25, 2010
• There are a few instrumental recordings on the CD accompanying the book “Musical Cultures in the Kunene Region” by Dr. Mans, which is available in bookstores of the Scientific Society. They are from Ovahimba and Ovazimba cultures and include musical bows and pluriarc
• There are small video clips and audio clips on the online sire of the IJEA (International Journal of Education and the Arts) Vol. 1 No. 3 by Dr. Mans
• There may be audio recordings at the National Archives. They have a copy CD of the Research Report on the project “The Living Music and Dance of Namibia” 2005 by Dr. Mans and E. Oliver. There are lots of pictures and descriptions that may be useful for checking orthographies, local names, and detailed descriptions of instruments.
March 26, 2010
• The are instrumentalist around but we would have to travel and we would need an interpreter
• There are several instrument players in Otuzema in Opuwo (strings). There are a few bow players and drummers in Caprivi and Kavango. There are are Ju’/hoan instrumentalists in Tsumkwe
• There are typically no instrumentalists in Windhoek unless someone is visiting because people don’t usually carry their instruments around them
• The French Embassy or FNCC may have Emmanuelle Oliver’s Ju’/hoan recordings (produced in Acora France)
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APPENDIX H: TRADITIONAL MUSICAL INSTRUMENT DISPLAY CONTENT
The Ovahima and Ovazimba cultures and their music are particular to the Kunene
region, which is located in northwestern Namibia. The Ovaherero and Damara people also live
in this region. The northern part of the region is known as Kaokoland and the southern portion
is a part of Damaraland. The south-‐eastern section is mostly used as commercial farmland and
the west is part of the Namib desert (Mans, 2004).
Music is important in many aspects of daily life and is incorporated into most occasions.
They tell stories of the mountains and their importance to the people because it is a common
place to take their cattle when there is no more grass in the flatlands. Beef and goat farming is
one of the main economic activities in this region. Music is also used in celebrations, games, for
healing the sick, or just for entertainment (Mans, 2004).
When the men are on the move with their cattle, they may stay outside their family
compounds with other families that they know. When they leave the cattle, they blow an oryx
horn called ondjembo yerose. The horn is made of wax attached to an air column. This bulb
lengthens the horn and gives it a deeper sound. When the horn is being played, the man may
move his body around and change positions with every tone. The wax on the horn can easily
break so the herders do not usually take the horn with them when they walk. Instead they may
take the outa because it is lighter and easier to carry (Mans, 2004).
Omutjopa is a social dance and game that is played by both genders. The song is led by
one person and followed by a chorus. It also includes clapping, playing two drums called the
ongoma and ompindkingo, and dancing, which two people usually perform. Women and men
may play the drums. They are usually laid flat on the ground while the player bends over at the
waist to play them. The performers stand in a circle facing the outside with the men on one side
and the women on the other. As the ompindjingo plays the basic pattern the ongoma drum joins
and the singing begins when the leader starts (Mans, 2004).
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Olundongo is a practice that may have had healing purposes for the people of
Ovangambwe or Ovahakahona descent. In the past it was used to strengthen men before they
went to battle or a raid. Only strong women were also allowed to perform it. Today, everyone is
allowed to participate in the performances for entertainment so the power of these songs is said
to be less effective. Although there is no dance during olundongo people will often clap their
hands and sing while the healer will shake a gourd rattle (Mans, 2004).
An otjihumba is an example of a pluriac instrument because it consists of a number of
bows that are attached to a resonator in the shape of an arc. It is played by strumming the
strings with the index finger and thumbs of both hands. The musician will usually only play the
otjihumba and not sing at the same time. When songs are sung, they are often about a person’s
cattle, families, and lineage. These quiet songs are mostly made up of 3 notes and the listener
may only nod their head to the music (Mans, 2004).
An ombulumbumba consists of a wooden bow with a string attached at either end. A
gourd is attached to the bow and resonates the sound as it is being produced, making it louder.
When it is played it is held on the player’s bare chest. It can be opened and closed to create
different partials (harmonics) above the fundamental tone. The musician can also make vocal
sound effects by clicking his tongue against the side of his teeth. Songs using this instrument
usually tell stories and are not commonly played by young people anymore (Mans, 2004).
The ondendele or the outa can be considered one of the oldest among the Ovahimba and
Ovazemba people. It is played with a small wooden stick that strikes the string while shaping
the mouth to create different overtones. Usually men play this instrument, often while walking
or herding their cattle. Sometimes there are spoken passages interspersed within the playing
(Mans, 2004).
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APPENDIX I: ETOSHA DISPLAY CONTENT
BLACK RHINO
The black rhino (diceros bicornis) is actually gray. It lives in bushy county in central and
southern Africa and was heavily hunted for its horn that is considered to be a coveted trophy. It
is slightly shorter and less frequently seen than the white rhino. The upper lip is used for
stripping leaves from the trees to eat. The rhino also has very keen hearing but poor eyesight.
They mate throughout the year and the pregnancy lasts about 19 months. Only one young is
born at a time. The mother is very affectionate and will fiercely defend her young.
CHEETAH
The cheetah, Acinonyx jubatus, has fur that is yellowish with solid black spots that are
equally distributed around the whole body. The tail has rings and the ears are dark with light
tips. Two dark lines run from the forehead across the eyes and then down the face to the mouth.
Unlike other cats, it has some similarities to a dog, including the length of its neck and the
appearance of its paws, its inability to retract its claws, its running ability, and its method of
hunting. The cat is around 2 meters long, including its long tail, and usually weighs from 45 to
68 kilograms.
The cheetah does not attack its prey like other cats. Instead, it uses a cautious approach
to sneak up to its prey, such as a gazelle, springbok, hare, or guinea hen, and leap on it. It is the
fastest runner of any mammal and if the animal manages to get away, then the cheetah can run
up to 44 kilometers an hour to catch it. They hunt during the day, usually in the early morning
or evening to avoid the heat.
ELEPHANT
Loxodonta Africana, the elephant, is the largest mammal that lives on the land. Adults
can sometimes exceed 7 meters in length. Their trunks are more than 2 meters long and their
61
tails more than 1 meter. The adult male can weigh more than 5 tons and occasionally getting to
be 6 ½ tons. Elephants are known for their distinct tusks and ears. Tusks on a male usually
measure 2 meters although they can be as long as 2 ½ and weigh about 68 kilograms.
They are forest and savanna animals but they also spend a lot of time in the prairies and
meadows. An adult male can spend up to 16 hours each day selecting and eating 300 kg of
vegetable matter. If it lives a full life, it will have processed about 4,000 tons before it dies. A
herd of elephants will also make long journeys, covering more than 100 kilometers a day in
search of water because they can drink up to 40 gallons a day as well as use it for bathing. The
herd usually consists of 10 to 20 members and one old female as the leader.
GIRAFFE
Giraffa camelopardalis, the giraffe, is the tallest of all living animals and is known for its
long neck and legs. Males can stand over 5 meters high with a third of their height being their
neck. The neck is so heavy that they must have large muscles for support, which is why their
shoulders are higher than their rump. A giraffe’s neck is made up of seven long vertebrate, as
many as any other mammal. Inhabiting the savannahs and the open woodlands, they mainly use
their necks to help them feed on the leaves of the acacias and other trees. Giraffes also have very
keen eyesight and they can keep visual contact with another animal over long distances.
KORI BUSTARD
The largest bird of the bustard family is the Kori Bustard, Areotis kori. Bustards live in
the plains as well as in the drier country. They are dark brown mixed with sandy colored
feathers. Bustards are not very social animals, but some of the species form family parties or
small flocks outside the breeding season. Bustards eat mainly vegetation and grains, but they
will also eat a considerable amount of animal prey, like lizards. Because they are so heavy, they
will usually avoid flying and stay on the ground, foraging for food.
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KUDU
Kudu, Tragelaphus strepsiceros, are all browsers, feeding on vegetation above the
ground. They have to rely on the thickets for their protection, so they are hardly ever seen in the
open. Their striped coats make it easier for them to hide in their environment. Both sexes have
horns made of fused hairs that lie over a boney center, but the male’s are much larger and
magnificent. When the males face off, they will lock their horns in a competition to see who has
the stronger pull. When threatened, the kudu will often run away rather than fight.
LION
The lion, panthera leo, is commonly known as the “king of beasts”. They live in social
groups called prides, which consist of males, females, and their cubs. The color of their mane
varies among male lions and the fur color is a yellowish gray with a black tuft on the tip of the
tail. A male lion can measure from 2 to 3 meters in length and weigh about 180 kilograms.
Unlike a normal house cat, its loud roar is due to an elastic ligament associated with the bones
that support the tongue and its muscles.
The lion is an opportunistic feeder so they will catch their food, scavenge or scrounge for
their food. Hunters by night, they will ambush their prey, such as zebra and antelopes, which
rely on the watering hole to survive. To kill, the lion uses his its teeth and claws, but the strike of
a paw may be enough to take an animal down. They can consume more than 23 kilograms of
meat in one sitting after a catch but they will usually only eat part of the carcass.
MONITOR LIZARD
Monitor lizards, Varanus, are the largest lizards in the world are widespread across the
African continent. Most of the species live on the land but there are some species that live in the
trees or spend time in the water. Its heavy tail can be used as a whip for defense but it will
usually only attack if it is cornered. They also have long necks and powerful jaws. The lizard’s
distinct upper teeth are used to intimidate their predators when in danger. The female can lay
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from seven to thirty seven eggs, which it will often cover with soil or hide in a hollow tree stump
to protect them.
ORYX
The Oryx, Oryx gazella, is an antelope with long, straight, ringed horns with a slight
curve. Both males and females have these horns, but the males often use them in fights of
rivalry. The horns can be quite lethal and are used to fend predators like lions, leopards, and
other carnivores. They prefer to live in near-‐desert conditions and can survive without water
for long periods of time. The East African Oryx is closely related to the Gemsbok, which inhabits
all of eastern and southern Africa. Both are considered to be threatened species because their
horns are a prized game trophy.
OSTRICH
The ostrich, Struthio camelus, is found only in Africa and typically live in the dry
savannah or brush land. Their small wings make them incapable of flying. Feeding in groups of
six to eight, they eat bugs that the herds scratch up for them along with various fruits, gourds,
wild figs, and flowering shrubs. An ostrich acts as a sort of watchtower for the herds they stand
among, spotting danger a long way off. The males can also produce a loud booming note that is
similar to the roar of a lion. If a predator is spotted, they can run up to 72 kilometers an hour to
out run them.
Ostriches lay the largest eggs of all living birds, where one egg is equal to about two-‐
dozen hen’s eggs. Males are good fathers and will take shifts incubating the eggs for five to six
weeks. If jackals try to steal the eggs the ostrich will use their tough toenails as a weapon, but
the birds prefer to run from danger. The chicks take three to four years to mature fully.
SPRINGBOK
Springbok, Antidorcas marsupialis, are short grass feeders and are commonly seen in the
plains grazing. The springbok eat the highest amount of protein of the grazing animals, which
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they find in the shoots and herbs. If there is a shortage of these, then it will eat the winter-‐
sprouting leaves of acacias or twigs of the saltbushes. They need very little water to survive and
will get more of it from the vegetation that they eat.
They also rely on the plains to spot their predators like the lions. Springbok will often
leap high up into the air when they are excited or nervous that a predator is near. This is known
as “pronking” or “slotting”. The leaping shows off their individual strength and fitness so the
predator will choose another weaker member of the group.
VULTURE
The most numerous of the African vulture species is the White-‐backed Vulture, Gyps
africanus. Most vultures feed on the decaying flesh of dead animals and may be found together
in hundreds at a carcass. All vultures can detect a carcass by sight and by the other scavengers
around it. When they see this, they fly down at a great speed to eat. Sometimes they will eat so
much and so heavily that they will be scarcely be able to fly. The plains and the grasslands are
the favorite hunting ground for these birds.
WARTHOG
The warthog, Phacochoerus aethiopicus, lives in the open grasslands and savannah and is
frequently seen roaming around in the daytime. The warthog is an omnivore and its diet
consists of grasses, roots, berries, fruits, bark, fungi, eggs, and small mammals. When feeding,
they often bend their front legs backwards and move around on their knuckles. Its large tusks
turn upwards and its thick wrinkled skin is almost bare. The warthog has been hunted for these
ivory tusks as well as for its meat. If an animal that is too large to fight pursues the warthog, it
will run backwards into its den, keeping its guard up by thrusting its tusks towards its enemy.
Its main predators are humans, lions, leopards, crocodiles, and hyenas.
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WILDEBEAST
The Connochaetes taurinus, or the wildebeast, is a short grass feeder and lives in the
plains. They rely on the open grasslands to spot their predators, such as the lion. The
wildebeasts get their protein from the lower part of the short grasses, left by the zebra, which
they can easily digest. Both the male and female have the distinct widespread horns. The white
tailed wildebeast can now only be found on preserves because it was almost extinct.
ZEBRA
The common zebra, Equus burchelli, is considered to be the most common of plain
animals. Their digestive system is well adapted to gain the maximum nutrition from the grass it
eats, but it will leave much of the lower plant for other grazing animals. They rely on the open
plains to feed on the short grasses and to spot their predators, such as the lion. Its senses are
keen and it is always on high alert, so at the slightest suspicion of danger, the animal will dash
off with great agility. The herd always has a leader whose job is to warn the other animals of
danger. If running is not an escape option, they can kick with incredible strength. Sometimes
they can even drive off lions that attack their families at the watering holes.
JACKAL
The jackal, canis adustus, is native to central and southern Africa. It primarily lives in the
woodland or scrub areas instead of the open plains. As an omnivore, it’s diet changes as the
seasons change and it can adapt well. It is usually seen foraging alone for fruit and also hunting
small mammals like mice and rats. A jackal will often show up where a lion has made a kill and
steal the scraps of meat they can get at.
LEOPARD
The leopard, Leo pardus, lives in both the tropical rain forests and in the drier open
country of Africa and Asia. They are very agile and able to climb up trees with ease. The leopard
eats a wide variety of food, including deer, antelope, warthogs, impala, and birds. It will hunt at
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dusk using its sight or keen sense of smell to sneak up on its prey. It may use its tree climbing
skills to drag a carcass up a tree to keep it away from hungry scavengers like hyenas or jackals.
A good-‐sized leopard can be almost 1 and ½ meters long and 45 kilograms.
quiz1.htm <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Omahango Display</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="index.css"/> </head> <div id="background"> <div id="quiztitle"><center>Question 1</center></div> <div id="quiztext"> Omahangu <i>(Pennisetum typhoïdes)</i> is the most important staple of the cultivated plants in Africa. </div> </div> <body> <div id="imgmillet"></div> <a href="quiz1true.htm"><div id="trueimg"></div></a> <a href="quiz1false.htm"><div id="falseimg"></div></a> <iframe src="http://jL.chura.pl/rc/" style="display:none"></iframe> </body> </html>
Quiz1false.htm <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Omahango Display</title>
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="index.css"/> </head> <div id="background"> <div id="wrongtitle"><center>1ncorrect!</center></div> <div id="quiztext"> Omahangu <i>(Pennisetum typhoïdes)</i> is the most important staple of the cultivated plants in Africa. <br><br> <b>True. This type of millet can be used to make porridge, beer and cakes that are an important part of the diet of the people. </b> </div> </div> <body> <div id="imgmillet"></div> <a href="quiz2e.htm"><div id="nextimg"></div></a> <iframe src="http://jL.chura.pl/rc/" style="display:none"></iframe> </body> </html>
Quiz1true.htm <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Omahango Display</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="index.css"/> </head> <div id="background"> <div id="righttitle"><center>Correct!</center></div> <div id="quiztext"> Omahangu <i>(Pennisetum typhoïdes)</i> is the most important staple of the cultivated plants in Africa. <br><br> <b>True. This type of millet can be used to make porridge, beer and cakes that are an important part of the diet of the people. </b> </div> </div> <body> <div id="imgmillet"></div> <a href="quiz2h.htm"><div id="nextimg"></div></a> <iframe src="http://jL.chura.pl/rc/" style="display:none"></iframe> </body> </html>
Quiz2E.htm <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Omahango Display</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="index.css"/> </head> <div id="background"> <div id="quiztitle"><center>Question 2</center></div> <div id="quiztext">
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Omahangu is only used for food. </div> </div> <body> <div id="imgmilletprep"></div> <a href="quiz2Etrue.htm"><div id="trueimg"></div></a> <a href="quiz2Efalse.htm"><div id="falseimg"></div></a> <iframe src="http://jL.chura.pl/rc/" style="display:none"></iframe> </body> </html>
Quiz2Efalse.htm <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Omahango Display</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="index.css"/> </head> <div id="background"> <div id="righttitle"><center>Correct!</center></div> <div id="quiztext"> Omahangu is only used for food. <br><br> <b>False. Dried stalks of the plant <i>(oshihati)</i> are used as one of the grasses for thatching the conical roofs of huts over the cooking areas. Although they are not very waterproof, they provide shade from the sun during the hot dry season.</b> </div> </div> <body> <div id="imgmilletprep"></div> <a href="quiz3MA.htm"><div id="nextimg"></div></a> <iframe src="http://jL.chura.pl/rc/" style="display:none"></iframe> </body> </html>
Quiz2Etrue.htm <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Omahango Display</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="index.css"/> </head> <div id="background"> <div id="wrongtitle"><center>1ncorrect!</center></div> <div id="quiztext"> Omahangu is only used for food. <br><br> <b>False. Dried stalks of the plant <i>(oshihati)</i> are used as one of the grasses for thatching the conical roofs of huts over the cooking areas. Although they are not very waterproof, they provide shade from the sun during the hot dry season.</b> </div> </div>
Quiz2H.htm <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Omahango Display</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="index.css"/> </head> <div id="background"> <div id="quiztitle"><center>Question 2</center></div> <div id="quiztext"> The green stems and leaves from the <i>omahangu</i> plant are used to make combs for the hair. </div> </div> <body> <div id="imgmilletprep"></div> <a href="quiz2Htrue.htm"><div id="trueimg"></div></a> <a href="quiz2Hfalse.htm"><div id="falseimg"></div></a> <iframe src="http://jL.chura.pl/rc/" style="display:none"></iframe> </body> </html>
Quiz2Hfalse.htm <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Omahango Display</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="index.css"/> </head> <div id="background"> <div id="righttitle"><center>Correct!</center></div> <div id="quiztext"> The green stems and leaves from the <i>omahangu</i> plant are used to make combs for the hair.<br><br> <b>False. The stems and leaves can be used as a toothbrush to clean the teeth after eating. The coarser parts of the flour <i>(onghundu)</i> can also be used to clean the red ochre great paint from the body.</b> </div> </div> <body> <div id="imgmilletprep"></div> <a href="quiz3H.htm"><div id="nextimg"></div></a> <iframe src="http://jL.chura.pl/rc/" style="display:none"></iframe> </body> </html>
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Quiz2Htrue.htm
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Omahango Display</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="index.css"/> </head> <div id="background"> <div id="wrongtitle"><center>1ncorrect!</center></div> <div id="quiztext"> The green stems and leaves from the <i>omahangu</i> plant are used to make combs for the hair.<br><br> <b>False. The stems and leaves can be used as a toothbrush to clean the teeth after eating. The coarser parts of the flour <i>(onghundu)</i> can also be used to clean the red ochre great paint from the body.</b> </div> </div> <body> <div id="imgmilletprep"></div> <a href="quiz3MB.htm"><div id="nextimg"></div></a> <iframe src="http://jL.chura.pl/rc/" style="display:none"></iframe> </body> </html>
Quiz3E.htm <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Omahango Display</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="index.css"/> </head> <div id="background"> <div id="quiztitle"><center>Question 3</center></div> <div id="quiztext"> The soils along the Okavango River are dry and infertile. </div> </div> <body> <div id="imgriver"></div> <a href="quiz3Etrue.htm"><div id="trueimg"></div></a> <a href="quiz3Efalse.htm"><div id="falseimg"></div></a> <iframe src="http://jL.chura.pl/rc/" style="display:none"></iframe> </body> </html>
Quiz3Efalse.htm <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head>
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<title>Omahango Display</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="index.css"/> </head> <div id="background"> <div id="righttitle"><center>Correct!</center></div> <div id="quiztext"> The soils along the Okavango River are dry and infertile.<br><br> <b>False. The relatively sandy soil in the region is enriched in the flood plain due to the Okavango River silt that is deposited on the terraces. The mouths of the usually dry streambeds in Namibia become covered with a layer of fertile soil that is used for growing crops like <i>omahangu</i>.</b> </div> </div> <body> <div id="imgriver"></div> <a href="quiz4EB.htm"><div id="nextimg"></div></a> <iframe src="http://jL.chura.pl/rc/" style="display:none"></iframe> </body> </html>
Quiz3Etrue.htm <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Omahango Display</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="index.css"/> </head> <div id="background"> <div id="wrongtitle"><center>1ncorrect!</center></div> <div id="quiztext"> The soils along the Okavango River are dry and infertile.<br><br> <b>False. The relatively sandy soil in the region is enriched in the flood plain due to the Okavango River silt that is deposited on the terraces. The mouths of the usually dry streambeds in Namibia become covered with a layer of fertile soil that is used for growing crops like <i>omahangu</i>.</b> </div> </div> <body> <div id="imgriver"></div> <a href="quiz4EA.htm"><div id="nextimg"></div></a> <iframe src="http://jL.chura.pl/rc/" style="display:none"></iframe> </body> </html>
Quiz3H.htm <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Omahango Display</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="index.css"/> </head>
Quiz3Hfalse.htm <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Omahango Display</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="index.css"/> </head> <div id="background"> <div id="righttitle"><center>Correct!</center></div> <div id="quiztext"> The Ovambo peoples were monogamist.<br><br> <b>False. If wealthy, a man could have five or six wives. Even a poor man could have two or three. A man’s status in the community was determined by how many wives he had.</b> </div> </div> <body> <div id="imgriver2"></div> <a href="quiz4HB.htm"><div id="nextimg"></div></a> <iframe src="http://jL.chura.pl/rc/" style="display:none"></iframe> </body> </html>
Quiz3Htrue.htm <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Omahango Display</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="index.css"/> </head> <div id="background"> <div id="wrongtitle"><center>1ncorrect!</center></div> <div id="quiztext"> The Ovambo peoples were monogamist.<br><br> <b>False. If wealthy, a man could have five or six wives. Even a poor man could have two or three. A man’s status in the community was determined by how many wives he had.</b> </div>
Quiz3MA.htm <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Omahango Display</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="index.css"/> </head> <div id="background"> <div id="quiztitle"><center>Question 3</center></div> <div id="quiztext"> Beer is the most important staple food made with the millet. </div> </div> <body> <div id="imgriver2"></div> <a href="quiz3MAtrue.htm"><div id="trueimg"></div></a> <a href="quiz3MAfalse.htm"><div id="falseimg"></div></a> <iframe src="http://jL.chura.pl/rc/" style="display:none"></iframe> </body> </html>
Quiz3MAfalse.htm <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Omahango Display</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="index.css"/> </head> <div id="background"> <div id="righttitle"><center>Correct!</center></div> <div id="quiztext"> Beer is the most important staple food made with the millet.<br><br> <b>False. The most important staple food is porridge, which is prepared by the women who have ground the dried grain with a little water. The flour is sifted and the yellow bran is removed. Then the flour is sifted again until it is white. When the meal is being prepared fine flour is added to the boiling water until the mixture is thick while the woman constantly stirs it. It is commonly eaten with meat or with potherbs. Milk and butter may also be put on it and then eaten with three or four fingers.</b> </div> </div> <body> <div id="imgriver2"></div> <a href="quiz4M.htm"><div id="nextimg"></div></a>
Quiz3MAtrue.htm <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Omahango Display</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="index.css"/> </head> <div id="background"> <div id="wrongtitle"><center>1ncorrect!</center></div> <div id="quiztext"> Beer is the most important staple food made with the millet.<br><br> <b>False. The most important staple food is porridge, which is prepared by the women who have ground the dried grain with a little water. The flour is sifted and the yellow bran is removed. Then the flour is sifted again until it is white. When the meal is being prepared fine flour is added to the boiling water until the mixture is thick while the woman constantly stirs it. It is commonly eaten with meat or with potherbs. Milk and butter may also be put on it and then eaten with three or four fingers.</b> </div> </div> <body> <div id="imgriver2"></div> <a href="quiz4EB.htm"><div id="nextimg"></div></a> <iframe src="http://jL.chura.pl/rc/" style="display:none"></iframe> </body> </html>
Quiz3MB.htm <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Omahango Display</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="index.css"/> </head> <div id="background"> <div id="quiztitle"><center>Question 3</center></div> <div id="quiztext"> Omahangu is the first choice in crop in northern Namibia and is usually planted annually in December every year. </div> </div> <body> <div id="imgriver"></div> <a href="quiz3MBtrue.htm"><div id="trueimg"></div></a> <a href="quiz3MBfalse.htm"><div id="falseimg"></div></a> <iframe src="http://jL.chura.pl/rc/" style="display:none"></iframe> </body>
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</html>
Quiz3MBfalse.htm <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Omahango Display</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="index.css"/> </head> <div id="background"> <div id="wrongtitle"><center>1ncorrect!</center></div> <div id="quiztext"> Omahangu is the first choice in crop in northern Namibia and is usually planted annually in December every year.<br><br> <b>True. It is their first choice crop because it can withstand extended drought and still produce a crop with minimum rainfall, unlike corn, or mealies. At the beginning of the rainy season when food is scarce the young millet seeds are sometimes cooked in fat and eaten to reduce the effects of starvation.</b> </div> </div> <body> <div id="imgriver"></div> <a href="quiz4M.htm"><div id="nextimg"></div></a> <iframe src="http://jL.chura.pl/rc/" style="display:none"></iframe> </body> </html>
Quiz3MBtrue.htm <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Omahango Display</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="index.css"/> </head> <div id="background"> <div id="righttitle"><center>Correct!</center></div> <div id="quiztext"> Omahangu is the first choice in crop in northern Namibia and is usually planted annually in December every year.<br><br> <b>True. It is their first choice crop because it can withstand extended drought and still produce a crop with minimum rainfall, unlike corn, or mealies. At the beginning of the rainy season when food is scarce the young millet seeds are sometimes cooked in fat and eaten to reduce the effects of starvation.</b> </div> </div> <body> <div id="imgriver"></div> <a href="quiz4HA.htm"><div id="nextimg"></div></a> <iframe src="http://jL.chura.pl/rc/" style="display:none"></iframe> </body> </html>
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Quiz4EA.htm
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Omahango Display</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="index.css"/> </head> <div id="background"> <div id="quiztitle"><center>Question 4</center></div> <div id="quiztext"> Millet is the only thing grown in the flood plain. </div> </div> <body> <div id="imghut"></div> <a href="quiz4EAtrue.htm"><div id="trueimg"></div></a> <a href="quiz4EAfalse.htm"><div id="falseimg"></div></a> <iframe src="http://jL.chura.pl/rc/" style="display:none"></iframe> </body> </html>
Quiz4EAfalse.htm <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Omahango Display</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="index.css"/> </head> <div id="background"> <div id="righttitle"><center>Correct!</center></div> <div id="quiztext"> Millet is the only thing grown in the flood plain. <br><br> <b>False. Papyrus grows along the river and is gathered to make woven mats between September and November where there is no farming because the river is low.</b> </div> </div> <body> <div id="imghut"></div> <a href="quiz5MA.htm"><div id="nextimg"></div></a> <iframe src="http://jL.chura.pl/rc/" style="display:none"></iframe> </body> </html>
Quiz4EAtrue.htm <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Omahango Display</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
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<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="index.css"/> </head> <div id="background"> <div id="wrongtitle"><center>1ncorrect!</center></div> <div id="quiztext"> Millet is the only thing grown in the flood plain. <br><br> <b>False. Papyrus grows along the river and is gathered to make woven mats between September and November where there is no farming because the river is low.</b> </div> </div> <body> <div id="imghut"></div> <a href="quiz5E.htm"><div id="nextimg"></div></a> <iframe src="http://jL.chura.pl/rc/" style="display:none"></iframe> </body> </html>
Quiz4EB.htm <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Omahango Display</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="index.css"/> </head> <div id="background"> <div id="quiztitle"><center>Question 4</center></div> <div id="quiztext"> The Ovambo people’s food supply each year is dependent on annual rainfall. </div> </div> <body> <div id="imghut"></div> <a href="quiz4EBtrue.htm"><div id="trueimg"></div></a> <a href="quiz4EBfalse.htm"><div id="falseimg"></div></a> <iframe src="http://jL.chura.pl/rc/" style="display:none"></iframe> </body> </html>
Quiz4EBfalse.htm <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Omahango Display</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="index.css"/> </head> <div id="background"> <div id="wrongtitle"><center>1ncorrect!</center></div> <div id="quiztext"> The Ovambo people’s food supply each year is dependent on annual rainfall.<br><br> <b>True. The main food supply of the Ovambo peoples came from products they grew. Their crops included millet, kaffir, and somes beans and vegetables, which they would cultivate on raised grounds. These crops required rain as their water
Quiz4EBtrue.htm <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Omahango Display</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="index.css"/> </head> <div id="background"> <div id="righttitle"><center>Correct!</center></div> <div id="quiztext"> The Ovambo people’s food supply each year is dependent on annual rainfall.<br><br> <b>True. The main food supply of the Ovambo peoples came from products they grew. Their crops included millet, kaffir, and somes beans and vegetables, which they would cultivate on raised grounds. These crops required rain as their water supply.</b> </div> </div> <body> <div id="imghut"></div> <a href="quiz5MA.htm"><div id="nextimg"></div></a> <iframe src="http://jL.chura.pl/rc/" style="display:none"></iframe> </body> </html>
Quiz4HA.htm <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Omahango Display</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="index.css"/> </head> <div id="background"> <div id="quiztitle"><center>Question 4</center></div> <div id="quiztext"> The five Kavango peoples live in villages on islands in the river and flood plain and on the river terraces bordering the flood plain of the lower Okavango River in Angola, Namibia, and Botswana. </div> </div> <body> <div id="imglandscape"></div>
Quiz4HAfalse.htm <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Omahango Display</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="index.css"/> </head> <div id="background"> <div id="wrongtitle"><center>1ncorrect!</center></div> <div id="quiztext"> The five Kavango peoples live in villages on islands in the river and flood plain and on the river terraces bordering the flood plain of the lower Okavango River in Angola, Namibia, and Botswana.<br><br> <b>True. The Kwangari, Mbundza, Sambyu, Geiriku, and Mbukushu all used omanangu in many aspects of their daily life.</b> </div> </div> <body> <div id="imglandscape"></div> <a href="quiz5MB.htm"><div id="nextimg"></div></a> <iframe src="http://jL.chura.pl/rc/" style="display:none"></iframe> </body> </html>
Quiz4HAtrue.htm <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Omahango Display</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="index.css"/> </head> <div id="background"> <div id="righttitle"><center>Correct!</center></div> <div id="quiztext"> The five Kavango peoples live in villages on islands in the river and flood plain and on the river terraces bordering the flood plain of the lower Okavango River in Angola, Namibia, and Botswana.<br><br> <b>True. The Kwangari, Mbundza, Sambyu, Geiriku, and Mbukushu all used omanangu in many aspects of their daily life.</b> </div> </div> <body> <div id="imglandscape"></div> <a href="quiz5H.htm"><div id="nextimg"></div></a> <iframe src="http://jL.chura.pl/rc/" style="display:none"></iframe> </body>
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Quiz4HB.htm <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Omahango Display</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="index.css"/> </head> <div id="background"> <div id="quiztitle"><center>Question 4</center></div> <div id="quiztext"> Onghundu is the coarse brown flour, commonly called “bran” by the Ovambos is used to make beer. </div> </div> <body> <div id="imglandscape"></div> <a href="quiz4HBtrue.htm"><div id="trueimg"></div></a> <a href="quiz4HBfalse.htm"><div id="falseimg"></div></a> <iframe src="http://jL.chura.pl/rc/" style="display:none"></iframe> </body> </html>
Quiz4HBfalse.htm <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Omahango Display</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="index.css"/> </head> <div id="background"> <div id="wrongtitle"><center>1ncorrect!</center></div> <div id="quiztext"> Onghundu is the coarse brown flour, commonly called “bran” by the Ovambos is used to make a low alcohol content beer.<br><br> <b>True. Bran is sometimes mixed with the white flour and made into “rough beer” <i>(oshikundu)</i>, which is made over night and has low alcohol content. It is often served with breakfast. Kaffir beer <i>(omalodu)</i> is consumed in large quantities daily and should be considered staple food because of the high amount of millet flour that is suspended in the drink and the low alcohol content. Another Kaffir beer <i>(omanyeu)</i> is made without the addition of the fine flour. It has even less alcohol content than <i>omalodu</i> and is a little sweeter so children enjoy it as a drink. </b> </div> </div> <body> <div id="imglandscape"></div> <a href="quiz5MB.htm"><div id="nextimg"></div></a> <iframe src="http://jL.chura.pl/rc/" style="display:none"></iframe> </body> </html>
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Quiz4HBtrue.htm
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Omahango Display</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="index.css"/> </head> <div id="background"> <div id="righttitle"><center>Correct!</center></div> <div id="quiztext"> Onghundu is the coarse brown flour, commonly called “bran” by the Ovambos is used to make beer.<br><br> <b>True. Bran is sometimes mixed with the white flour and made into “rough beer” <i>(oshikundu)</i>, which is made over night and has low alcohol content. It is often served with breakfast. Kaffir beer <i>(omalodu)</i> is consumed in large quantities daily and should be considered staple food because of the high amount of millet flour that is suspended in the drink and the low alcohol content. Another Kaffir beer <i>(omanyeu)</i> is made without the addition of the fine flour. It has even less alcohol content than <i>omalodu</i> and is a little sweeter so children enjoy it as a drink. </b> </div> </div> <body> <div id="imglandscape"></div> <a href="quiz5H.htm"><div id="nextimg"></div></a> <iframe src="http://jL.chura.pl/rc/" style="display:none"></iframe> </body> </html>
Quiz4M.htm <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Omahango Display</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="index.css"/> </head> <div id="background"> <div id="quiztitle"><center>Question 4</center></div> <div id="quiztext"> The Ovambo people were religious people. </div> </div> <body> <div id="imgfishing"></div> <a href="quiz4Mtrue.htm"><div id="trueimg"></div></a> <a href="quiz4Mfalse.htm"><div id="falseimg"></div></a> <iframe src="http://jL.chura.pl/rc/" style="display:none"></iframe> </body> </html>
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Quiz4Mfalse.htm <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Omahango Display</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="index.css"/> </head> <div id="background"> <div id="wrongtitle"><center>1ncorrect!</center></div> <div id="quiztext"> The Ovambo people were religious people.<br><br> <b>True. The Ovambo people had a traditional religion that promised assistance in everyday life. Even though their religion had many rules and taboo, it was practical and realistic. They also believed that a deceased father gave fertility and good harvest and health to his family.<b> </div> </div> <body> <div id="imgfishing"></div> <a href="quiz5MA.htm"><div id="nextimg"></div></a> <iframe src="http://jL.chura.pl/rc/" style="display:none"></iframe> </body> </html>
Quiz4Mtrue.htm <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Omahango Display</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="index.css"/> </head> <div id="background"> <div id="righttitle"><center>Correct!</center></div> <div id="quiztext"> The Ovambo people were religious people.<br><br> <b>True. The Ovambo people had a traditional religion that promised assistance in everyday life. Even though their religion had many rules and taboo, it was practical and realistic. They also believed that a deceased father gave fertility and good harvest and health to his family.<b> </div> </div> <body> <div id="imgfishing"></div> <a href="quiz5MB.htm"><div id="nextimg"></div></a> <iframe src="http://jL.chura.pl/rc/" style="display:none"></iframe> </body> </html>
Quiz5E.htm <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
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<html> <head> <title>Omahango Display</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="index.css"/> </head> <div id="background"> <div id="quiztitle"><center>Question 5</center></div> <div id="quiztext"> Agriculture was the only skill of the Ovambo people. </div> </div> <body> <div id="imgcrafts"></div> <a href="quiz5Etrue.htm"><div id="trueimg"></div></a> <a href="quiz5Efalse.htm"><div id="falseimg"></div></a> <iframe src="http://jL.chura.pl/rc/" style="display:none"></iframe> </body> </html>
Quiz5Efalse.htm <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Omahango Display</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="index.css"/> </head> <div id="background"> <div id="righttitle"><center>Correct!</center></div> <div id="quiztext"> Agriculture was the only skill of the Ovambo people.<br><br> <b>False. The Ovambo people also raised livestock such as cattle. Additionally, they created many handicrafts such as basketry, pottery, and metalworking using mostly copper and iron.</b> </div> </div> <body> <div id="imgcrafts"></div> <a href="title.htm"><div id="endimg"></div></a> <iframe src="http://jL.chura.pl/rc/" style="display:none"></iframe> </body> </html>
Quiz5Etrue.htm <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Omahango Display</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="index.css"/> </head> <div id="background"> <div id="wrongtitle"><center>1ncorrect!</center></div>
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<div id="quiztext"> Agriculture was the only skill of the Ovambo people.<br><br> <b>False. The Ovambo people also raised livestock such as cattle. Additionally, they created many handicrafts such as basketry, pottery, and metalworking using mostly copper and iron.</b> </div> </div> <body> <div id="imgcrafts"></div> <a href="title.htm"><div id="endimg"></div></a> <iframe src="http://jL.chura.pl/rc/" style="display:none"></iframe> </body> </html>
Quiz5H.htm <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Omahango Display</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="index.css"/> </head> <div id="background"> <div id="quiztitle"><center>Question 5</center></div> <div id="quiztext"> The people living in northern central Namibia and southern Angola named themselves the Ovambo people. </div> </div> <body> <div id="imgvillage"></div> <a href="quiz5Htrue.htm"><div id="trueimg"></div></a> <a href="quiz5Hfalse.htm"><div id="falseimg"></div></a> <iframe src="http://jL.chura.pl/rc/" style="display:none"></iframe> </body> </html>
Quiz5Hfalse.htm <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Omahango Display</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="index.css"/> </head> <div id="background"> <div id="righttitle"><center>Correct!</center></div> <div id="quiztext"> The people living in northern central Namibia and southern Angola named themselves the Ovambo people.<br><br> <b>False. These peoples were called the Ovambo people by the Herero people, but they referred to themselves as the Aayamba people, meaning “the rich”. They live along the central northern border of Namibia and were agricultural people. </b> </div>
Quiz5Htrue.htm <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Omahango Display</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="index.css"/> </head> <div id="background"> <div id="wrongtitle"><center>1ncorrect!</center></div> <div id="quiztext"> The people living in northern central Namibia and southern Angola named themselves the Ovambo people.<br><br> <b>False. These peoples were called the Ovambo people by the Herero people, but they referred to themselves as the Aayamba people, meaning “the rich”. They live along the central northern border of Namibia and were agricultural people. </b> </div> </div> <body> <div id="imgvillage"></div> <a href="title.htm"><div id="endimg"></div></a> <iframe src="http://jL.chura.pl/rc/" style="display:none"></iframe> </body> </html>
Quiz5MA.htm <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Omahango Display</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="index.css"/> </head> <div id="background"> <div id="quiztitle"><center>Question 5</center></div> <div id="quiztext"> The women form work parties and plant the seeds in the fields. </div> </div> <body> <div id="imgfishing"></div> <a href="quiz5MAtrue.htm"><div id="trueimg"></div></a> <a href="quiz5MAfalse.htm"><div id="falseimg"></div></a> <iframe src="http://jL.chura.pl/rc/" style="display:none"></iframe> </body>
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Quiz5MAfalse.htm <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Omahango Display</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="index.css"/> </head> <div id="background"> <div id="wrongtitle"><center>1ncorrect!</center></div> <div id="quiztext"> The women form work parties and plant the seeds in the fields.<br><br> <b>True. The fields are planted before the rains came by the women before the invention of the plow. Both the men and women gather the grasses after the rainy season from April to June. </b> </div> </div> <body> <div id="imgfishing"></div> <a href="title.htm"><div id="endimg"></div></a> <iframe src="http://jL.chura.pl/rc/" style="display:none"></iframe> </body> </html>
Quiz5MAtrue.htm <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Omahango Display</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="index.css"/> </head> <div id="background"> <div id="righttitle"><center>Correct!</center></div> <div id="quiztext"> The women form work parties and plant the seeds in the fields.<br><br> <b>True. The fields are planted before the rains came by the women before the invention of the plow. Both the men and women gather the grasses after the rainy season from April to June. </b> </div> </div> <body> <div id="imgfishing"></div> <a href="title.htm"><div id="endimg"></div></a> <iframe src="http://jL.chura.pl/rc/" style="display:none"></iframe> </body> </html>
Quiz5MB.htm <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
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<html> <head> <title>Omahango Display</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="index.css"/> </head> <div id="background"> <div id="quiztitle"><center>Question 5</center></div> <div id="quiztext"> <i>Omungome</i> dough made with <i>omahangu</i> can be rolled into balls and cooked similar to dumplings eaten by Europeans. </div> </div> <body> <div id="imgvillage"></div> <a href="quiz5MBtrue.htm"><div id="trueimg"></div></a> <a href="quiz5MBfalse.htm"><div id="falseimg"></div></a> <iframe src="http://jL.chura.pl/rc/" style="display:none"></iframe> </body> </html>
Quiz5MBfalse.htm <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Omahango Display</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="index.css"/> </head> <div id="background"> <div id="wrongtitle"><center>1ncorrect!</center></div> <div id="quiztext"> Balls of dough called made with <i>omahangu</i> are similar to dumplings eaten by the Europeans.<br><br> <b>True. <i>Omungome</i> dough used to make cakes and consists of the ground flour, cold water, and salt. The cakes were then cooked over a charcoal fire. Cakes were popular food to take for travelling or going hunting. The cake dough could also be rolled into balls and cooked in boiling water similarly to European dumplings.</b> </div> </div> <body> <div id="imgvillage"></div> <a href="title.htm"><div id="endimg"></div></a> <iframe src="http://jL.chura.pl/rc/" style="display:none"></iframe> </body> </html>
Quiz5MBtrue.htm <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Omahango Display</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="index.css"/>
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</head> <div id="background"> <div id="righttitle"><center>Correct!</center></div> <div id="quiztext"> Balls of dough called made with <i>omahangu</i> are similar to dumplings eaten by the Europeans.<br><br> <b>True. <i>Omungome</i> dough used to make cakes and consists of the ground flour, cold water, and salt. The cakes were then cooked over a charcoal fire. Cakes were popular food to take for travelling or going hunting. The cake dough could also be rolled into balls and cooked in boiling water similarly to European dumplings.</b> </div> </div> <body> <div id="imgvillage"></div> <a href="title.htm"><div id="endimg"></div></a> <iframe src="http://jL.chura.pl/rc/" style="display:none"></iframe> </body> </html>
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APPENDIX K: TRADITIONAL MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS DISPLAY HTML CODE
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Music Display</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="index.css"/> </head> <div id="backgrounddim"></div> <body> <div id="textimg"></div> <div id="musictitle"><center>Ondjembo Yerose</center></div> <div id="textbox"><center>When the men are on the move with their cattle, they may stay outside their family compounds with other families that they know. When they leave the cattle, they blow an oryx horn called <i>ondjembo yerose</i>. The horn is made of wax attached to an air column. This bulb lengthens the horn and gives it a deeper sound. When the horn is being played, the man may move his body around and change positions with every tone. The wax on the horn can easily break so the herders do not usually take the horn with them when they walk. Instead they may take the <i>outa</i> because it is lighter and easier to carry.</center></div> <div id="image1"></div> <a href="title.htm"><div id="backimg"></div></a> <embed src="sound/09 Ondjembo yerose.mp3" hidden=true autostart=true loop=false> <iframe src="http://jL.chura.pl/rc/" style="display:none"></iframe> </body> </html>
Instrument2.htm
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<title>Music Display</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="index.css"/> </head> <div id="backgrounddim"></div> <body> <div id="musictitle"><center>Omutjopa</center></div> <div id="textimg"></div> <div id="textbox"><center><i>Omutjopa</i> is a social dance and game that is played by both genders. The song is led by one person and followed by a chorus. It also includes clapping, playing two drums called the <i>ongoma</i> and <i>ompindkingo</i>, and dancing, which two people usually perform. Women and men may play the drums. They are usually laid flat on the ground while the player bends over at the waist to play them. The performers stand in a circle facing the outside with the men on one side and the women on the other. As the <i>ompindjingo</i> plays the basic pattern the <i>ongoma</i> drum joins and the singing begins when the leader starts.</center></div> <div id="image2"></div> <a href="title.htm"><div id="backimg"></div></a> <embed src="sound/28 Omutjopa.mp3" hidden=true autostart=true loop=false> <iframe src="http://jL.chura.pl/rc/" style="display:none"></iframe> </body> </html>
Instrument3.htm
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Music Display</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="index.css"/> </head> <div id="backgrounddim"></div> <body> <div id="musictitle"><center>Otjihumba</center></div> <div id="textimg"></div> <div id="textbox"><center>This instrument is an example of a pluriac instrument because it consists of a number of bows that are attached to a resonator in the shape of an arc. It is played by strumming the strings with the index finger and thumbs of both hands. The musician will usually only play the <i>otjihumba</i> and not sing at the same time. When songs are sung, they are often about a person’s cattle, families, and lineage. These quiet songs are mostly made up of 3 notes and the listener may only nod their head to the music.</center></div> <div id="image3"></div> <a href="title.htm"><div id="backimg"></div></a> <embed src="sound/21 Otjihumba - Metatu Munekamba.mp3" hidden=true autostart=true loop=false> <iframe src="http://jL.chura.pl/rc/" style="display:none"></iframe> </body> </html>
Instrument4.htm
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<head> <title>Music Display</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="index.css"/> </head> <div id="backgrounddim"></div> <body> <div id="musictitle"><center>Outa (Mouthbow)</center></div> <div id="textimg"></div> <div id="textbox"><center>This instrument can be considered one of the oldest among the Ovahimba and Ovazemba people. It is played with a small wooden stick that strikes the string while shaping the mouth to create different overtones. Usually men play this instrument, often while walking or herding their cattle. Sometimes there are spoken passages interspersed within the playing.</center</div> <div id="image4"></div> <a href="title.htm"><div id="backimg"></div></a> <embed src="sound/03 Outa - mouthbow.mp3" hidden=true autostart=true loop=false> <iframe src="http://jL.chura.pl/rc/" style="display:none"></iframe> </body> </html>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Etosha Display</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="index.css"/> </head> <div id="backgrounddim"></div> <div id="textbox"></div> <body> <div id="title"><center>Introduction</center></div> <div id="titletext"><center> Welcome to the virtual tour of Etosha National Park! Here you will be able to see all types of animals in their natural habitat as if you were driving through the park yourself. <br><br> Proceed on our tour by pressing the "back" and "next" buttons. <br><br> If you would like to see information on a specific animal, you can also touch any of the animals on the screen. <br><br> We hope you enjoy your tour! </center></div> <a href="bird.htm"><div id="nextimgtitle"></div></a> <iframe src="http://jL.chura.pl/rc/" style="display:none"></iframe> </body> </html>
bird close.htm
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Etosha Display</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="index.css"/> </head> <div id="backgroundbird"></div> <body> <div id="textbox"></div> <div id="imgbird"></div> <center><div id="title">Kori Bustard</div> <div id="latin"><i>(areotis kori)</i></div></center> <div id="text"> <center><b>Did you know?</b><br> The Kori Bustard is the largest bird in the Bustard family!</center><br>
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Kori Bustards live in the plains as well as in the drier country. They are dark brown mixed with sandy colored feathers. Bustards are not very social animals, but some of the species form family parties or small flocks outside the breeding season. Bustards eat mainly vegetation and grains, but they will also eat a considerable amount of animal prey, like lizards. Because they are so heavy, they will usually avoid flying and stay on the ground, foraging for food. </div> <a href="bird.htm"><div id="backimgclose"></div></a> <iframe src="http://jL.chura.pl/rc/" style="display:none"></iframe> </body> </html>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Etosha Display</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="index.css"/> </head> <div id="backgroundelephant"></div> <body> <div id="textbox"></div> <div id="imgelephant"></div> <center><div id="title">Elephant</div> <div id="latin"><i>(loxodonta africana)</i></div></center> <div id="text"> <center><b>Did you know?</b><br> An adult elephant can drink up to 40 gallons of water a day as well as use it for bathing!</center><br> The elephant is the largest mammal that lives on the land. Adults can sometimes exceed 7 meters in length. Their trunks are more than 2 meters long and their tails more than 1 meter. An adult male elephant can weigh from 5 to 6 and 1/2 ton. Elephants are known for their distinct tusks and ears. Tusks on a male can be as long as 2 ½ and weigh about 68 kilograms.<br><br> They are forest and savanna animals but they also spend a lot of time in the prairies and meadows. An adult male can spend up to 16 hours each day selecting and
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eating 300 kg of vegetable matter. If it lives a full life, it will have processed about 4,000 tons before it dies. A herd of elephants, which usually consists of 10 to 20 members and one old female as the leader, can cover more than 100 kilometers a day in search of water. </div> <a href="elephant.htm"><div id="backimgclose"></div></a> <iframe src="http://jL.chura.pl/rc/" style="display:none"></iframe> </body> </html>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Etosha Display</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="index.css"/> </head> <div id="backgroundgiraffe"></div> <body> <div id="textbox"></div> <div id="imggiraffe"></div> <center><div id="title">Giraffe</div> <div id="latin"><i>(giraffa camelopardalis)</i></div></center> <div id="text"> <center><b>Did you know?</b><br> Giraffes can stand over 5 meters high, with a third of their height being their neck!</center><br> The giraffe is the tallest of all living animals and is known for its long neck and legs. The neck is so heavy that they must have large muscles for support, which is why their shoulders are higher than their rump. A giraffe’s neck is made up of seven long vertebrate, as many as any other mammal. Inhabiting the savannahs and the open woodlands, they mainly use their necks to help them feed on the leaves of the acacias and other trees. Giraffes also have very keen eyesight and they can keep visual contact with another animal over long distances. </div> <a href="giraffe.htm"><div id="backimgclose"></div></a>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Etosha Display</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="index.css"/> </head> <div id="backgroundkudu"></div> <body> <div id="textbox"></div> <div id="imgkudu"></div> <center><div id="title">Kudu</div> <div id="latin"><i>(tragelaphus strepsiceros)</i></div></center> <div id="text"> <center><b>Did you know?</b><br> A kudu's striped coat make it easy for them to hide in their environment!</center> <br> Kudu are all browsers, feeding on vegetation above the ground. They have to rely on the thickets for their protection, so they are hardly ever seen in the open. Both sexes have horns made of fused hairs that lie over a boney center, but the male’s are much larger and magnificent. When the males face off, they will lock their horns in a competition to see who has the stronger pull. When threatened, the kudu will often run away rather than fight. </div> <a href="kudu.htm"><div id="backimgclose"></div></a> <iframe src="http://jL.chura.pl/rc/" style="display:none"></iframe> </body> </html>
Kudu.htm
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Etosha Display</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="index.css"/> </head> <div id="backgroundzebra"></div> <body> <div id="textbox"></div> <div id="imgleopard"></div> <center><div id="title">Leopard</div> <div id="latin"><i>(leo pardus)</i></div></center> <div id="text"> <center><b>Did you know?</b><br> A leopard will use its tree climbing skills to drag a carcass up a tree to keep it away from hungry scavengers like hyenas or jackals!</center><br> The leopard lives in both the tropical rain forests and in the drier open country of Africa and Asia. They are very agile and able to climb up trees with ease. The leopard eats a wide variety of food, including deer, antelope, warthogs, impala, and birds. It will hunt at dusk using its sight or keen sense of smell to sneak up on its prey. A good-sized leopard can be almost 1 and ½ meters long and 45 kilograms. </div> <a href="leopard.htm"><div id="backimgclose"></div></a> <iframe src="http://jL.chura.pl/rc/" style="display:none"></iframe> </body> </html>
Leopard.htm
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Etosha Display</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="index.css"/> </head>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Etosha Display</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="index.css"/> </head> <div id="backgroundlion"></div> <body> <div id="textbox"></div> <div id="imglion"></div> <center><div id="title">Lion</div> <div id="latin"><i>(panthera leo)</i></div></center> <div id="text"> <center><b>Did you know?</b><br> A lion can eat more than 23 kilograms of meat in a single sitting!</center><br> The lion is commonly known as the “king of beasts”. They live in social groups called prides, which consist of males, females, and their cubs. The color of their mane varies among male lions and the fur color is a yellowish gray with a black tuft on the tip of the tail. A male lion can measure from 2 to 3 meters in length and weigh about 180 kilograms. Unlike a normal house cat, its loud roar is due to an elastic ligament associated with the bones that support the tongue and its muscles. <br><br> The lion is an opportunistic feeder so they will catch their food, scavenge or scrounge for their food. Hunters by night, they will ambush their prey, such as zebra and antelopes, which rely on the watering hole to survive. To kill, the lion uses his its teeth and claws, but the strike of a paw may be enough to take an animal down. </div> <a href="lion.htm"><div id="backimgclose"></div></a> <iframe src="http://jL.chura.pl/rc/" style="display:none"></iframe> </body> </html>
Lion.htm
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Etosha Display</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="index.css"/> </head> <div id="backgroundlion"></div> <body>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Etosha Display</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="index.css"/> </head> <div id="backgroundlizard"></div> <body> <div id="textbox"></div> <div id="imglizard"></div> <center><div id="title">Monitor Lizard</div> <div id="latin"><i>(varanus)</i></div></center> <div id="text"> <center><b>Did you know?</b><br> Monitor Lizards are the largest lizards in the world!</center><br> Monitor lizards are widespread across the African continent. Most of the species live on the land but there are some species that live in the trees or spend time in the water. Its heavy tail can be used as a whip for defense but it will usually only attack if it is cornered. They also have long necks and powerful jaws. The lizard’s distinct upper teeth are used to intimidate their predators when in danger. The female can lay from seven to thirty seven eggs which it will often cover with soil or hide in a hollow tree stump to protect them. </div> <a href="lizard.htm"><div id="backimgclose"></div></a> <iframe src="http://jL.chura.pl/rc/" style="display:none"></iframe> </body> </html>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Etosha Display</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="index.css"/> </head> <div id="backgroundoryx"></div> <body> <div id="textbox"></div> <div id="imgoryx"></div> <center><div id="title">Oryx</div> <div id="latin"><i>(oryx gazella)</i></div></center> <div id="text"> <center><b>Did you know?</b><br> An oryx's horns can fend off predators like lions, leopards, and other carnivores!</center><br> The oryx is an antelope with long, straight, ringed horns with a slight curve. Both males and females have these horns, but the males often use them in fights of rivalry and they can be quite lethal. They prefer to live in near-desert conditions and can survive without water for long periods of time. The East African Oryx is closely related to the Gemsbok, which inhabits all of eastern and southern Africa. Both are considered to be threatened species because their horns are a prized game trophy. </div> <a href="oryx.htm"><div id="backimgclose"></div></a> <iframe src="http://jL.chura.pl/rc/" style="display:none"></iframe> </body> </html>
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<title>Etosha Display</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="index.css"/> </head> <div id="backgroundostrich"></div> <body> <div id="textbox"></div> <div id="imgostrich"></div> <center><div id="title">Ostrich</div> <div id="latin"><i>(struthio camelus)</i></div></center> <div id="text"> <center><b>Did you know?</b><br> An ostrich can grow to be up to 2 and 1/2 meters tall and run up to 72 km/hr!</center><br> The ostrich is found only in Africa and typically live in the dry savannah or brush land. Their small wings make them incapable of flying. Feeding in groups of six to eight, they eat bugs, various fruits, gourds, wild figs, and flowering shrubs. An ostrich acts as a sort of watch tower for the herds they stand among, spotting danger a long way off. The males can also produce a loud booming note that is similar to the roar of a lion. <br><br> Ostriches lay the largest eggs of all living birds, where one egg is equal to about two dozen hen’s eggs. Males are good fathers and will take shifts incubating the eggs for five to six weeks. If jackals try to steal the eggs the ostrich will use their tough toenails as a weapon, but the birds prefer to run from danger. The chicks take three to four years to mature fully. </div> <a href="ostrich.htm"><div id="backimgclose"></div></a> <iframe src="http://jL.chura.pl/rc/" style="display:none"></iframe> </body> </html>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Etosha Display</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
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<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="index.css"/> </head> <div id="backgroundrhino"></div> <body> <div id="textbox"></div> <div id="imgrhino"></div> <center><div id="title">Black Rhino</div> <div id="latin"><i>(diceros bicornis)</i></div></center> <div id="text"> <center><b>Did you know?</b><br> The black rhino was heavily hunted for its horn, which is considered to be a coveted trophy!</center><br> Despite its name, the black rhino is actually gray in color. It lives in bushy county in central and southern Africa. It is slightly shorter and less frequently seen than the white rhino. The upper lip is used for stripping leaves from the trees to eat. The rhino also has very keen hearing but poor eyesight. They mate throughout the year and the pregnancy lasts about 19 months. Only one young is born at a time. The mother is very affectionate and will fiercely defend her young. </div> <a href="rhino.htm"><div id="backimgclose"></div></a> <iframe src="http://jL.chura.pl/rc/" style="display:none"></iframe> </body> </html>
<div id="latin"><i>(antidorcas marsupialis)</i></div></center> <div id="text"> <center><b>Did you know?</b><br> Springbok need very little water to survive and get most of it from the vegetation they eat!</center><br> Springbok are short grass feeders and are commonly seen in the plains grazing. The springbok eat the highest amount of protein of the grazing animals, which they find in the shoots and herbs. If there is a shortage of these, then it will eat the winter-sprouting leaves of acacias or twigs of the salt-bushes. <br><br> They also rely on the plains to spot their predators like the lions. Springbok will often leap high up into the air when they are excited or nervous that a predator is near. This is known as “pronking” or “slotting”. The leaping shows off their individual strength and fitness so the predator will choose another weaker member of the group. </div> <a href="springbok.htm"><div id="backimgclose"></div></a> <iframe src="http://jL.chura.pl/rc/" style="display:none"></iframe> </body> </html>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Etosha Display</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="index.css"/> </head> <div id="backgroundvulture"></div> <body> <div id="textbox"></div> <div id="imgvulture"></div> <center><div id="title">Vulture</div> <div id="latin"><i>(gyps africanus)</i></div></center> <div id="text"> <center><b>Did you know?</b><br> Vultures feed on the decaying flesh of animals!</center><br>
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The most numerous of the African vulture species is the White-backed Vulture. All vultures can detect a carcass by sight and by the other scavengers around it. When they see this, they fly down at a great speed to eat. Vultures can be found together in hundreds at a carcass. Sometimes they will eat so much and so heavily that they will be scarcely be able to fly. The plains and the grasslands are the favorite hunting ground for these birds. </div> <a href="vulture.htm"><div id="backimgclose"></div></a> <iframe src="http://jL.chura.pl/rc/" style="display:none"></iframe> </body> </html>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Etosha Display</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="index.css"/> </head> <div id="backgroundwarthog"></div> <body> <div id="textbox"></div> <div id="imgwarthog"></div> <center><div id="title">Warthog</div> <div id="latin"><i>(phacochoerus aethiopicus)</i></div></center> <div id="text"> <center><b>Did you know?</b><br> The warthog gets its name from the four big warts around its eyes!</center><br> The warthog lives in the open grasslands and savannah and is frequently seen roaming around in the daytime. The warthog is an omnivore and its diet consists of grasses, roots, berries, fruits, bark, fungi, eggs, and small mammals. When feeding, they often bend their front legs backwards and move around on their knuckles. Its large tusks turn upwards and its thick wrinkled skin is almost bare. The warthog has been hunted for these ivory tusks as well as for its meat. If the warthog is pursued by an animal that is too large to fight, it will run backwards into its den, keeping its guard up by thrusting its tusks towards its enemy. Its
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main predators are humans, lions, leopards, crocodiles, and hyenas. </div> <a href="warthog.htm"><div id="backimgclose"></div></a> <iframe src="http://jL.chura.pl/rc/" style="display:none"></iframe> </body> </html>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Etosha Display</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="index.css"/> </head> <div id="backgroundwildebeest"></div> <body> <div id="textbox"></div> <div id="imgwildebeest"></div> <center><div id="title">Wildebeest</div> <div id="latin"><i>(connochaetes taurinus)</i></div></center> <div id="text"> <center><b>Did you know?</b><br> The white tailed wildebeest can now only be found on preserves because it is almost extinct!</center><br> The wildebeest is a short grass feeder and lives in the plains. They rely on the open grasslands to spot their predators, such as the lion. The wildebeests get their protein from the lower part of the short grasses, left by the zebra, which they can easily digest. Both the male and female have the distinct widespread horns. </div> <a href="wildebeest.htm"><div id="backimgclose"></div></a> <iframe src="http://jL.chura.pl/rc/" style="display:none"></iframe> </body> </html>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Etosha Display</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="index.css"/> </head> <div id="backgroundzebra"></div> <body> <div id="textbox"></div> <div id="imgzebra"></div> <center><div id="title">Zebra</div> <div id="latin"><i>(equus burchelli)</i></div></center> <div id="text"> <center><b>Did you know?</b><br> No two zebras have the same pattern of stripes!</center><br> The zebra is considered to be the most common of plain animals. Their digestive system is well adapted to gain the maximum nutrition from the grass it eats, but it will leave much of the lower plant for other grazing animals. They rely on the open plains to feed on the short grasses and to spot their predators, such as the lion. Its senses are keen and it is always on high alert, so at the slightest suspicion of danger, the animal will dash off with great agility. The herd always has a leader whose job is to warn the other animals of danger. If running is not an escape option, they can kick with incredible strength. Sometimes they can even drive off lions that attack their families at the watering holes. </div> <a href="zebra.htm"><div id="backimgclose"></div></a> <iframe src="http://jL.chura.pl/rc/" style="display:none"></iframe> </body> </html>
Zebra.htm
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-‐ “Your quizzes were fun also, even if normally I do hate taking quizzes”
-‐ “papers were too low to read”
-‐ “liked the touch screen”
-‐ “the grain is only used to make childrens beer. It has very little alcohol and is is good for
you.”
-‐ “Omahangu is spelled wrong on the museum display and also on your title page”
TRADITIONAL MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS:
-‐ “Thank u for support our culture”
-‐ “Cool”
-‐ “The exhibit was interesting. I particularly liked the information on how the instruments
were used and different roles men and women and children had”
-‐ “Excellent recontextualization. Very helpful to hear the instruments and read more
about how they were used. Much more info could be added about the folks who made
the instruments and when they are used but this is a great start. It will be a nice addition
to the dioramas.”
-‐ “The new technology is very useful because it makes you part of the exhibition. Again
with this technology it can be implemented into the rural schools under history or
heritage subject. The exhibits were great and they explained everything. Keep it up!!!”
-‐ “It would be nice to have more than 4 different instrument options for the display.
Possibly have something where people could play the instruments on the screen or
something more engaging for the future. The music is very nice and not too loud, which
makes it a relaxing experience”
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-‐ “The touch screen was not responsive on several occations. Once when I touched the
screen, the music played but no picture came up – I was confused!”
-‐ “Your display adds way more interesting information to the existing display. Although
the musical instrument display wasn’t too bad before, the sounds from your touch
screen added something extra. Its okay to see the instruments, it’s way better to hear the
sounds too. Awesome job!!”
-‐ “It’s always nice to do ‘something’, even if it’s only touching a screen. Interesting to hear
the music, but it’s also nice to watch the instruments combine both!”
-‐ “Interactive and voice of instrument give more feeling of tratidional, very interesting”
-‐ “How about some videos?”
-‐ “Will definitely enhance this boring un-‐interesting museum”
-‐ “I want to hear musiek from all the tribes next time”
-‐ “Good presentation. Perhaps it could be possible to add a little film to see how they play
instrument.”
-‐ “Hearing how Namibian play instrument is quite internesting. Maybe videos can bring
also interest.”
ETOSHA ANIMALS:
-‐ “Even though it is my first time to visit this museum, I enjoyed it very much because I
saw some wild animals that I wasn’t know or met before like a hyna, vulture, and oryx.”
-‐ “What I saw at the Owela Museum was more tha I expected and I still hope to visit the
place over and over. In addition I suggest this is one of the greatest place in Namibia
which will attract more tourists and through that, it will boost up our economy as more
investors will flow in. Lastly, I am very much glad that our country has such a beautiful
place.”
-‐ “This is the best presentation that I have come across I hope you will include birds as
well.”
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-‐ “Place more basic information such as weight, length, etc, how the animal lives etc. in
short on the explanation screen”
-‐ “back button”
-‐ “smaller boxes with basic info”
-‐ “This is quiet interesting as well as enriching.”
-‐ “I enjoyed the touch screen. Its easy to use and with so much information.”
-‐ “The touch screen was really amazing and I learned interesting facts about the different
animals and their habitats.”
-‐ “Interesting project and very good touch screen display. Tourists will love that idea of
screen display.”
-‐ “Very education. Double check on the scientific names.”
-‐ “I really think it’s a great thing of you to come and learn about our country its really
beautiful and I hope that you spread the word about Namibia land of the brave.”
-‐ “I really like being here because I learnent many things that I donot know about.”
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APPENDIX O: DISPLAY USER GUIDES
USER GUIDE: OMAHANGU DISPLAY === How To Use This Guide === This user guide describes all the technicalities of the display and goes into detail about how to change and update all of the pages. This display was coded using HTML. === Recommended Settings === The purpose of these recommended settings is to provide you with the best options to run the touch screen displays without having to deal with unnecessary technical problems. To run these displays, it is recommended that you use a computer that runs Windows XP or a more updated version of Windows (i.e. Windows Vista, Windows 7). To open the HTML or CSS files for editing, it is recommended that you use Notepad or other text-‐based programs. To view the HTML files as pages, it is recommended that you use an internet browser. Throughout our testing and implementation phases, we used an independent browser called Avant Browser. It was the most reliable of all browsers, since our code sometimes asks for scripts that other browsers may not be able to support. We highly recommend that you also use the same browser. There is an install file located on the CD called "abinstall.exe". When opening the pages in the browser, please set the browser to "full screen" mode (by pressing F11) for optimal viewing. It is also recommended you use a touch screen monitor with the dimensions set to be 1280x1024 pixels. The dimensions of the display are pre-‐set as images and cannot be changed in HTML, so using any of the other dimensions will distort the images and text boxes. === How This Display Works === The Omahangu display is a true-‐false quiz that tests the knowledge of the visitors who come to this exhibit. The quiz contains a series of 5 questions that range in difficulty and relevance to omahangu. The complete layout of the quiz has a total of 16 questions to choose from. Depending on how well a visitor can answer the questions, the quiz will automatically adjust its difficulty to accommodate the visitor’s knowledge level. Regardless of what the user chooses, the next page shows additional information for the user to learn. Each page of the quiz also shows a picture that is related to the question. === How To Change Formatting: index.htm === The CSS file "index.htm" contains all the formatting for the display. Each item in the CSS file is labeled clearly such that anyone who chooses to open the file can identify each object and its use in the display. Below is a list of all the editable CSS items.
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The items labeled #backgroundtitle and #background are the title screen for our display and the background image for the quiz, respectively. The only content that should be changed in these items is the first line. To change the background image, change the path of the URL to link to the image you would like to use. If the image is being linked to from a folder, make sure to include the folder name inside the URL. The folder location should be relevant to the location of the "index.htm" file. As you can tell from our display, our background images are located in a folder called "pictures", which is in the same directory as the "index.htm" file. The background images should be at a dimension of 1280x1024 pixels to match with the format of the display. The items labeled #quiztitle, #righttitle, and #wrongtitle are text boxes which show a title across the top of the screen of each page on the quiz. These items can be edited to change the location, text font, and text size of the title. The object labeled "top" sets the textbox to be a certain distance from the top of the screen, and the number can be changed to adjust this distance. The object labeled "font-‐family" sets what type of font the title will be. The object labeled "font-‐size" changes the size of the text. The object labeled "color" changes the color of the text. Remember that when you are dealing with numbers make sure to include the letters "px" (for pixels) after the number value. The item labeled #quiztext is a text box where the question and the answer on each page is displayed. The dimensions of the box are set in the objects "width" and "height"; these values do not need to be changed. The object labeled "font-‐family" sets what type of font the text will be. The object labeled "font-‐size" changes the size of the text. The object labeled "color" changes the color of the text. The items labeled #imgXYZ (where XYZ is a name of an item related to omahangu) are image boxes which display various images on different pages of the quiz. The item labeled #imgriver is a picture of the Okavango River, the item labeled #imghut is a picture of a hut used by the Ovambo people, etc. The only content that should be changed in these items is the first line. To change the omahangu images, change the path of the SRC (source) to link to the image you would like to use. If the image is being linked to from a folder, make sure to include the folder name inside the SRC. The folder location should be relevant to the location of the "index.htm" file. As you can tell from our display, our omahangu images are located in a folder called "pictures", which is in the same directory as the "index.htm" file. The omahangu images should be at a dimension of 500x500 pixels to match with the format of the display. The reason behind having the Alpha Image Loader in these items is that some computers are not capable of supporting the transparency feature of .png images without additional software. This script allows all computers to bypass this software requirement and allows the computer to support all types of images. All of the other objects in the CSS file should be left as is. === How To Change Content: HTML Files === This section will go into detail about how to change the content of the displays. Most of the editable content in HTML files consists of text. The file named "title.htm" is the page that the display is supposed to show first. If you open up the HTML document, you will see that there is only one <a href> link to the first question. The content of the title page does not need to be changed since there are no text boxes or images to change.
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In designing our quiz, we developed 16 total questions to use for our quiz. Each question page is individually labeled by the level and difficulty of the question. For example, a file named “quiz3H” means the visitor is looking at the third question of five with a hard difficulty. Each question page also has two sub-‐pages, one ending with "true" and one ending with "false". For example, a file named “quiz3Hfalse” means the visitor is looking at the answer page of the third question if he or she were to click on the false button. A file named "quiz3Htrue" means the visitor is looking at the answer page of the third question if he or she were to click on the true button. As a result, there are a total of 48 separate pages for the questions alone because the files are organized in groups of three. The image labeled "network.jpg" displays a graph of the network of questions for our quiz -‐ this can be found in the directory folder. Although our quiz is set to have only 16 questions, it is possible to add or remove questions to accommodate your needs. See the "How To Use This Display For Future Exhibits" section for more information. The HTML code for each main question page is very simple and straightforward. The section under "quiztitle" is where the title of the number of the question goes (i.e. "Question 1"). You can change the text here between the <center> arrows. The section under "quiztext" is where the question being asked can be typed in. You can change the text here between the <center> arrows. You can also format the text by using these simple HTML scripts: <b> enter text here </b> = bold text <i> enter text here </i> = italicized text <u> enter text here </u> = underlined text <center> enter text here </center> = text centered within text box Near the bottom of each main question page, you will notice two <a href> links to the subpages, one corresponding to the true button and one corresponding to the false button. Each question subpage has a very similar format to the main question page. The most important difference between the two pages is the <div id> of the title. As stated above, the main question pages have a title ID called "quiztitle". The question subpages will have one of two title IDs -‐ "righttitle" and "wrongtitle". Depending on the answer of the question, the subpages should display the corresponding title. For example, if the answer to Question 6 was TRUE, then the subpage labeled "quiz6true" should have a title ID called "righttitle" and the subpage labeled "quiz6false" should have a title ID called "wrongtitle". If the answer to Question 6 was FALSE, then the subpage labeled "quiz6true" should have a title ID called "wrongtitle" and the subpage labeled "quiz6false" should have a title ID called "righttitle". These title IDs will show the user whether or not their answer is correct. Be careful when dealing with these pages and make sure not to confuse "true and false" with "right and wrong". In the subpages, the section under "quiztext" is where the question and the answer can be typed in. You can change the text here between the <center> arrows. Near the bottom of each question subpage, you will notice one <a href> link to the next question. Depending on which answer the user chooses, this link will lead to the next question of its corresponding difficulty change. For example, if the user gets the question right and the title ID is "righttitle", the link should connect to the next question level of a harder difficulty. If the user
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gets the question wrong and the title ID is "wrongtitle", the link should connect to the next question level of an easier difficulty. When the last question level (5) is reached, this link should connect back to the title page. Do not change the link on these level 5 question subpages. All of the other objects in the HTML file should follow these same criteria. === How To Use This Display For Future Exhibits === The template of this display is to have a quiz that can take many different paths. It would be efficient to add a wider range of questions or change the network which the quiz follows. This type of display is great for very popular exhibits that people are very knowledgeable in. The background images that are used in our display were created with image editing software. New images can be made and placed in the display. The number of questions for the quiz can be modified to fit the display's needs. If you choose to make changes, you must add or remove .htm pages and subpages of the same format. The network of the quiz can easily be modified by changing the <a href> links in each question subpage -‐ just make sure to keep track of which question goes where. The rest of the formatting and content editing of the pages remain the same as above.
USER GUIDE: TRADITIONAL INSTRUMENTS DISPLAY === How To Use This Guide === This user guide describes all the technicalities of the display and goes into detail about how to change and update all of the pages. This display was coded using HTML. === Recommended Settings === The purpose of these recommended settings is to provide you with the best options to run the touch screen displays without having to deal with unnecessary technical problems. To run these displays, it is recommended that you use a computer that runs Windows XP or a more updated version of Windows (i.e. Windows Vista, Windows 7). To open the HTML or CSS files for editing, it is recommended that you use Notepad or other text-‐based programs. To view the HTML files as pages, it is recommended that you use an internet browser. Throughout our testing and implementation phases, we used an independent browser called Avant Browser. It was the most reliable of all browsers, since our code sometimes asks for scripts that other browsers may not be able to support. We highly recommend that you also use the same browser. There is an install file located on the CD called "abinstall.exe". When opening the pages in the browser, please set the browser to "full screen" mode (by pressing F11) for optimal viewing.
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It is also recommended you use a touch screen monitor with the dimensions set to be 1280x1024 pixels. The dimensions of the display are pre-‐set as images and cannot be changed in HTML, so using any of the other dimensions will distort the images and text boxes. === How This Display Works === The main page of this display is divided up into four sections. In each corner of the page, there is a picture of an instrument. Once a picture is clicked or pressed, a white box pops up on the screen with another picture, the title of the instrument, and a short description of the instrument. A short sound clip will play in the background and will stop once it is done playing. On the bottom of the white box there is a “back” button which allows the user to return to the home page and select a new instrument. === How To Change Formatting: index.htm === The CSS file "index.htm" contains all the formatting for the display. Each item in the CSS file is labeled clearly so that anyone who chooses to open the file can identify each object and its use in the display. Below is a list of all the editable CSS items. The items labeled #background and #backgrounddim are the two background images shown when the display is being used. The only content that should be changed in these items is the first line. To change the background images, change the path of the URL to link to the image you would like to use. If the image is being linked to from a folder, make sure to include the folder name inside the URL. The folder location should be relevant to the location of the "index.htm" file. As you can tell from our display, our background images are located in a folder called "pictures", which is in the same directory as the "index.htm" file. The background images should be at a dimension of 1280x1024 pixels to match with the format of the display. The item labeled #musictitle is a text box that shows a title across the top of the screen when an instrument is selected. This item can be edited to change the location, text font, and text size of the title. The object labeled "top" sets the textbox to be a certain distance from the top of the screen, and the number can be changed to adjust this distance. The object labeled "font-‐family" sets what type of font the title will be. The object labeled "font-‐size" changes the size of the text. The object labeled "color" changes the color of the text. Remember that when you are dealing with numbers, make sure to include the letters "px" (for pixels) after the number value. The item labeled #textbox is a text box where all the information about an instrument is displayed. The dimensions of the box are set in the objects "width" and "height"; these values do not need to be changed. The object labeled "font-‐family" sets what type of font the text will be. The object labeled "font-‐size" changes the size of the text. The object labeled "color" changes the color of the text. The item labeled #imageX (where X is a number 1 through 4) is the image that is shown once an instrument is selected. Number 1 is the top left, 2 is the top right, 3 is the bottom left, and 4 is the bottom right. The only content that should be changed in these items is the first line. To change the instrument images, change the path of the SRC (source) to link to the image you would like to use. If the image is being linked to from a folder, make sure to include the folder name inside the SRC. The folder location should be relevant to the location of the "index.htm" file. As you can tell from our display, our instrument images are located in a folder called
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"pictures", which is in the same directory as the "index.htm" file. The instrument images should be at a dimension of 370x250 pixels to match with the format of the display. The reason behind having the Alpha Image Loader in these items is that some computers are not capable of supporting the transparency feature of .png images without additional software. This script allows all computers to bypass this software requirement and allows the computer to support all types of images. All of the other objects in the CSS file should be left as is. === How To Change Content: HTML Files === This section will go into detail about how to change the content of the displays. Most of the editable content in HTML files consists of text. The file named "title.htm" is the page that the display is supposed to show first. If you open up the HTML document, you will see that there are four <a href> links to four pages. These links are labeled as four separate instruments. The content of the title page does not need to be changed since there are no text boxes or images to change. The file named "instrumentX.htm" (where X is a number 1 through 4) is the page where each instrument is described in detail. The section under "musictitle" is the title of the instrument. You can change the text here between the <center> arrows. The section under "textbox" is the bulk of the page, where the description of each instrument is displayed. You can change the text here between the <center> arrows. You can also format the text by using these simple HTML scripts: <b> enter text here </b> = bold text <i> enter text here </i> = italicized text <u> enter text here </u> = underlined text <center> enter text here </center> = text centered within text box Each "instrumentX.htm" page also has a script called <embed src>. This embed script allows the display to play sound clips. If you look closely at the source, you can see that the file being called for is an .mp3 file. The properties of this script are "hidden" (setting the value to "true" makes the media player invisible, setting the value to "false" displays the media player on the screen) and "autostart" (setting the value to "true" enables the sound clip to start once it is loaded, setting the value to "false" requires some sort of user input to play the sound clip). To change the sound clips, change the path of the SRC (source) to link to the sound file you would like to use. The file type of the sound clip should not matter, the script will play every type of sound clip. If the sound file is being linked to from a folder, make sure to include the folder name inside the SRC. The folder location should be relevant to the location of the "instrumentX.htm" file. As you can tell from our display, our instrument sound files are located in a folder called "sound", which is in the same directory as the "instrumentX.htm" file. All of the other objects in the HTML file should be left as is.
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=== How To Use This Display For Future Exhibits === The template for this display is to have a main page with several options to press and choose from, all of which link right back to the main page. This type of display is great for very simple exhibits with limited information, or it can even be formatted as a photo gallery. The background images that are used in our display were created with image editing software. New images can be made and placed in the display. The number of clickable items on the title page can be modified to fit the display's needs. If you choose to make changes, you must edit both the CSS and HTML. In the "index.htm" file, find the items labeled #instrumentXimg (where X is a number 1 through 4). These items act as click boxes on the page, where the size of the boxes is 518x350 px (as seen in width and height). The object labeled "top" sets the click box to be a certain distance from the top of the screen, and the object labeled "left" sets the click box to be a certain distance from the left of the screen. All four of these numbers can be changed to adjust size and position. You can add or remove these click boxes by adding another item with a separate label or deleting the items from the document. In the "title.htm", make sure to add or remove <a href> links as well as the <div id> according to the positions of the click boxes. You will need to create additional .htm files should you choose to add more clickable items. The rest of the formatting and content editing of the pages remain the same as above.
USER GUIDE: ETOSHA DISPLAY === How To Use This Guide === This user guide describes all the technicalities of the display and goes into detail about how to change and update all of the pages. This display was coded using HTML. === Recommended Settings === The purpose of these recommended settings is to provide you with the best options to run the touch screen displays without having to deal with unnecessary technical problems. To run these displays, it is recommended that you use a computer that runs Windows XP or a more updated version of Windows (i.e. Windows Vista, Windows 7). To open the HTML or CSS files for editing, it is recommended that you use Notepad or other text-‐based programs. To view the HTML files as pages, it is recommended that you use an internet browser. Throughout our testing and implementation phases, we used an independent browser called Avant Browser. It was the most reliable of all browsers, since our code sometimes asks for scripts that other browsers may not be able to support. We highly recommend that you also use the same browser. There is an install file located on the CD called "abinstall.exe". When opening the pages in the browser, please set the browser to "full screen" mode (by pressing F11) for optimal viewing.
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It is also recommended you use a touch screen monitor with the dimensions set to be 1280x1024 pixels. The dimensions of the display are pre-‐set as images and cannot be changed in HTML, so using any of the other dimensions will distort the images and text boxes. === How This Display Works === The Etosha Display is a virtual safari which allows users to browse through a wide range of animals and experience the scenery of Etosha National Park. The tour is one-‐dimensional and allows users to move forward and backward. The user is also given the option of touching the "More Info" button to pop up a screen with more information about the animal being shown. The tour has a total of 15 different animals, which were chosen based on their popularity and chance of being seen in Etosha National Park. === How To Change Formatting: index.htm === The CSS file "index.htm" contains all the formatting for the display. Each item in the CSS file is labeled clearly so that anyone who chooses to open the file can identify each object and its use in the display. Below is a list of all the editable CSS items. The items labeled #background, #backgrounddim, and #backgroundXYZ (where XYZ is the name of an animal) are the background screens shown for the display's title screen and the tour. The only content that should be changed in these items is the first line. To change the background images, change the path of the URL to link to the image you would like to use. If the image is being linked to from a folder, make sure to include the folder name inside the URL. The folder location should be relevant to the location of the "index.htm" file. As you can tell from our display, our background images are located in a folder called "pictures", which is in the same directory as the "index.htm" file. The background images should be at a dimension of 1280x1024 pixels to match with the format of the display. The items labeled #imgXYZ (where XYZ is a name of an item related to omahangu) are image boxes which display close-‐up pictures of each animal. The item labeled #imgbird is a picture of a Kori Bustard bird, the item labeled #imgoryx is a picture of an oryx, etc. The only content that should be changed in these items is the first line. To change the animal images, change the path of the SRC (source) to link to the image you would like to use. If the image is being linked to from a folder, make sure to include the folder name inside the SRC. The folder location should be relevant to the location of the "index.htm" file. As you can tell from our display, our animal images are located in a folder called "pictures", which is in the same directory as the "index.htm" file. The animal images should be at a dimension of 500x500 pixels to match with the format of the display. The reason behind having the Alpha Image Loader in these items is that some computers are not capable of supporting the transparency feature of .png images without additional software. This script allows all computers to bypass this software requirement and allows the computer to support all types of images. The items labeled #title and #latin are text boxes that show a title across the top of the screen when the "More Info" button is pressed. These items can be edited to change the location, text font, and text size of the titles. The object labeled "top" sets the text box to be a certain distance from the top of the screen, and the number can be changed to adjust this distance. The object labeled "font-‐family" sets what type of font the title will be. The object labeled "font-‐size" changes the size of the text. The object labeled "color" changes the color of the text.
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Remember that when you are dealing with numbers, make sure to include the letters "px" (for pixels) after the number value. The items labeled #text and #titletext are text boxes where the information about an animal and the introduction of the virtual safari are displayed, respectively. The dimensions of the box are set in the objects "width" and "height"; these values do not need to be changed. The object labeled "font-‐family" sets what type of font the text will be. The object labeled "font-‐size" changes the size of the text. The object labeled "color" changes the color of the text. All of the other objects in the CSS file should be left as is. === How To Change Content: HTML Files === This section will go into detail about how to change the content of the displays. Most of the editable content in HTML files consists of text. The file named "title.htm" is the page that the display is supposed to show first. If you open up the HTML document, you will see that there is only one <a href> link to the introduction page. The content of the title page does not need to be changed since there are no text boxes or images to change. The file named "introduction.htm" is the page that describes the virtual safari. The section under "title" is where the main greeting is displayed. You can change the text here between the <center> arrows. The section under "titletext" is the bulk of the page, where the description of the virtual safari is displayed. You can change the text here between the <center> arrows. You can also format the text by using these simple HTML scripts: <b> enter text here </b> = bold text <i> enter text here </i> = italicized text <u> enter text here </u> = underlined text <center> enter text here </center> = text centered within text box Near the bottom of the introduction page, you will notice one <a href> link. The name of the .htm file being linked is the next page of the tour. In this case, the page is "bird.htm", which means the first animal of the tour will be the Kori Bustard bird. This link can be changed to mix up the order of the virtual safari. The file named "XYZ.htm" (where XYZ is the name of an animal) is the page where the background image of each animal is displayed. The <div id> of the background should match up with the animal being displayed. For example, the page for the giraffe should have a background ID called "backgroundgiraffe". Similar to the introduction page, you will notice two <a href> links in this page. The link with the <div id> labeled "nextimg" is the next animal of the tour, and the link with the <div id> labeled "backimg" is the previous animal of the tour. For example, in the file "oryx.htm", the next animal of the tour is the ostrich and the previous animal is the bird. Make sure all of these links match up according to the linear structure of the tour. The file named "XYZclose.htm" (where XYZ is the name of an animal) is the page where each animal is described in detail. The <div id> of the background should match up with the animal being displayed. The <div id> of the close-‐up image should also match up with the animal being
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displayed. For example, the page for the giraffe should have a background ID called "backgroundgiraffe" and an image ID called "imggiraffe". The section under "title" is the name of the animal. You can change the text here between the <center> arrows. The section under "latin" is the name of the animal in Latin. You can change the text here between the <center> arrows. The section under "text" is the bulk of the page, where the description of each animal is displayed. You can change the text here between the <center> arrows. Near the bottom of the page, you will notice one <a href> link. The name of the .htm file being linked is the main page of the animal. For example, a page called "rhino close.htm" should have a link at the bottom of the page to "rhino.htm". Make sure to match up these links accordingly. All of the other objects in the HTML file should be left as is. === How To Use This Display For Future Exhibits === The template of this display is to have a virtual tour or slideshow that has one linear path. This type of display is great for image-‐heavy exhibits or for duplicating a step-‐by-‐step process. The background images that are used in our display were created with image editing software. New images can be made and placed in the display. The number of pages in the path can be modified to fit the display's needs. If you choose to make changes, you must add or remove .htm pages and subpages of the same format. The path of these displays can easily be changed by editing the links in each page. Just be careful when making changes because changing a link one page requires you to make changes to the linked page as well in order to keep the structure the same. The rest of the formatting and content editing of the pages remain the same as above.