NH 3 – The Op+mal Alterna+ve Fuel 2017 AIChE Annual Meeting NH3 Energy+ Topical Conference November 1-2, 2017 Minneapolis, Minnesota Norm Olson President - NH3 Fuel Association
NH3–TheOp+malAlterna+veFuel2017 AIChE Annual Meeting
NH3 Energy+ Topical Conference
November 1-2, 2017
Minneapolis, Minnesota Norm Olson
President - NH3 Fuel Association
NH3FAandAIChEMee(ng
https://nh3fuelassociation.org/join-us/
BecomeamemberoftheNH3FAandattendtheAIChEAnnualMeetingatasignificantdiscount(seedetailsatlinkbelow).
AIChE2017AnnualMeeting.October29-November3.Minneapolis,MNNH3Energy+TopicalConference.40presentations!
RecentDevelopmentsNetherlandsConference(~150attendees)-Europe’sFirst!Shell,Yara,AmmoniaCasale,IEA,Siemans,ProtonVentures,etc.2017YaraAnnouncesSolarPVtoNH3projectinAustraliaJapanProgram2015-2018SiemenswindtoNH3projectinGreatBritain2016-2017(UMM2008)IEA–whitepaper2017AmmoniaCasale–10tpdunitannounced2017Australia–1stnon-U.S.NH3FAchapter2017ARPA-EDOE–13NH3fuelrelatedprojects2017AIChE–40presentations2017ACS–firsteverNH3fuelsessionin2017Hydrofuel-GregVezina,1981GlobalNH3FuelFederation2016…andmanymore
NH3Produc+onvsU.S.GasolineUse
U.S.GasolineConsumption:143BillionGallon(2015)2016WorldNH3Production:180milliontonne=~80BillionGallon=~40BillionGGE~3.5x
NH3Affordability
Similartopropaneinfrastructurecosts2ndmosttransportedchemicalinworldOver3000milesofNH3pipelineinU.S.
800retailoutletsinIowaalone1.3timesmorehydrogenthanliquidH2(byvolume)
NH3Produc(onCostsw/CapX
Gasoline@$3.50/gallon=$30/MMBtu
NaturalGasRepresentsMoreThan75PercentofUSProducers'CostsNaturalgasisthemostimportantfeedstockinammoniaproductionand,dependingonprice,makesup70-85percentoftheUScashcostofproducingammonia.CapX:$1500/ton,30yearamortization,~$50/ton
GGE $
$1.40
$2.10
$0.706
12
18
NH3 $/MMBtu
Source:TFI,Fertecon,PotashCorp,Buckley(CapX)
15
9
Cap X
NH3vsHydrogenStorageCosts
1Phoneconversa(onwithJohnCoursen,WorthingtonIndustries,February17,2017.Rela(ve~costs~50litertank:LPG/NH3-$700,CNG(3200psi)-$1500,Hydrogen(10,000psi)-$6000.21Phoneconversa(onwithDonWallace,TrinityContainers.18,000gallonNH3bullettank-$68,000.@80%fillcapacity=14,400gallonx5lbs/gallonx0.176lbsH2/lbNH3/2.2lbs/kg=5760kg=$11.81/kgH2.3“HybridHydrogenEnergyStorage”,MichaelPenev,May22,2013.10kpsiH2:$459/kgx5760kg=$2,643,840.CryoH2Storage:$25.5/kgx3.2millionkg=$81.6million.4RentechPressRelease,January12,2012.ChilledNH320,000ton=$20million.20ktonx2000x0.176/2.2lbs/kg=3.2millionkg.H2.
WhatMakesNH3Op(mal?
• Affordability• Safety• Efficiency• EnvironmentalPerformance• Sustainability• ProductionFlexibility• End-UseFlexibility• CountyBuilding
Produc(onEnergyEfficiency
1”EfficientAmmoniaProduc(on”PowerPointpresenta(on,page63.JimGosnell,KBR.2005NH3FuelAssocia(onMee(ng.ArgonneNa(onalLaboratory.2SourceH2Data:“Energyrequirementsforhydrogengascompressionandliquefac(onasrelatedtovehiclestorageneeds.”DOEHydrogenandFuelCellsProgramRecord.Record#:9013.July7,2009.AirProductsandChemicalsInc.(APCI).2.67+0.18=2.85.Page3ofresourceabove.
EfficiencyinEnginesOctane,Octane,OctaneNH3’sveryhighoctanerating(>120)andhigh(tunable)resistancetodetonationallowtheuseofextremelyhighcompressionratiosandthereforeICengineswiththehighestpossibleefficiencies.
WhatMakesNH3Op(mal?
• Affordability• Safety• Efficiency• EnvironmentalPerformance• Sustainability• ProductionFlexibility• End-UseFlexibility• CountyBuilding
SafetyNumerousdesignchoices–Assafeasitneedstobe.
Pressurizedstorage–safeenoughtomeetmoststringentstandardsChilledstorage–saferyet:-28FNH3,-265FLNG,-420FH2Chemicalstorage–Toosafe?Amminex,ammoniumcarbonate(solids)
SafetyLC50Table1:ToxicityClasses:HodgeandSternerScale(CCOHS) RoutesofAdministration
OralLD50
InhalationLC50 DermalLD50
CorrespondingNFPARatings
(LC50)
ToxicityRating
CommonlyUsedTerm
(Singledosetorats)mg/kg
(Exposureofratsfor4hours)ppm
(Singleapplicationtoskinofrabbits)
mg/kg
ProbableLethalDoseforMan
1ExtremelyToxic 1orless 10orless 5orless
1grain(ataste,adrop)
4(0-100) 2 HighlyToxic 1-50 10-100 5-43 4ml(1tsp)
3(100-500) 3ModeratelyToxic 50-500 100-1000 44-340
30ml(1fl.oz.)
2(500-2500) 4SlightlyToxic 500-5000 1000-10,000 350-2810
600ml(1pint)
1(2500-20,000) 5PracticallyNon-toxic
5000-15,000 10,000-100,000 2820-22,590
1litre(or1quart)
0(>20,000) 6RelativelyHarmless
15,000ormore 100,000 22,600ormore
1litre(or1quart)
Source:CanadianCentreforOccupa(onalHealthandSafety(CCOHS).NFPAdataaddi(onbyNormOlson,NH3FA.LC50/4hour(ppm):NH3-2000;Chlorine–146.5;MethylIsocyanate–5(Source:Praxair,other)
WhatMakesNH3Op(mal?
• Affordability• Safety• Efficiency• EnvironmentalPerformance• Sustainability• ProductionFlexibility• End-UseFlexibility• CountyBuilding
CleanerThanHydrogen?!
NocarbonNH3usedtocleanupNOxZeromeasurablepollutantspossiblewithICenginesNotagreenhousegasOzonedepletionnumberofzeroNotaknowncarcinogenHugenaturaloccurrenceintheearth’snitrogencycleNaturalmechanismsforspillremediation
WhatMakesNH3Op(mal?
• Affordability• Safety• Efficiency• EnvironmentalPerformance• Sustainability• ProductionFlexibility• End-UseFlexibility• CountyBuilding
Sustainability
Aslongasthesuncontinuestoshine,theearth’satmospherecontainssignificantamountsofnitrogen,thereissomereadilyavailablesourceofhydrogen,andironisavailableasacatalyst….NH3willbesustainableonplanetearth!
WhatMakesNH3Op(mal?
• Affordability• Safety• Efficiency• EnvironmentalPerformance• Sustainability• ProductionFlexibility• End-UseFlexibility• CountyBuilding
Produc(onFlexibilityNH3canbeproducedusinganyandallprimaryenergysourcesincludingbutnotlimitedto….Solar,naturalgas,wind,nuclear,OTEC,coal,hydro,etc.ScalabilityofNH3productionplantsisverygoodandcouldrangefromunitsassmallasonetonperyeartomega-tonproductionfacilities.AffordableNH3couldbeproducedfrom(carbonfree)naturalgasnowandfromanyrenewableenergysource(andwater)inthenearfuture.SeveralpromisingnewalternativeNH3productiontechnologyalternativesarebeingdeveloped(i.e.alternativestoHaber-Bosch)
NuclearSynergism–Fusion?
TimeofDay
Load
Capacity +20NuclearCapacity
NuclearCapacity(Baseload
PeakingUnitsRequired
NH3Production
WhatMakesNH3Op(mal?
• Affordability• Safety• Efficiency• EnvironmentalPerformance• Sustainability• ProductionFlexibility• End-UseFlexibility• CountyBuilding
EndUseFlexibilitySIenginesCIengines–dualfuelnow…highcompressionfutureFuelscellsGasturbinesBurnersOptimizingprimemoversforasinglefuelhashugebenefits.Anenginedesignedtousebothgasolineandethanolseverelycompromisestheefficiencypotentialofethanol,anothervery-highoctanefuel.
WhatMakesNH3Op(mal?
• Affordability• Safety• Efficiency• EnvironmentalPerformance• Sustainability• ProductionFlexibility• End-UseFlexibility• CountryBuilding
Sustainable,Self-SufficientCommunityNH3allowsacountrytodevelopalocal:1. transportationfueleconomy2. powergenerationeconomy3. renewableenergystorageeconomy4. fertilizerandfoodproductioneconomy(upto4xyieldimprovements)5. abio-based(crop-based)chemicalproductioneconomy6. Arefrigerationindustry
Petroleumrefineriesareverycomplexandrequireaverylargescale.
RenewableEnergy:StrandedandLong-termStorageAsignificantamountofrenewableenergywilleitherbestranded(i.e.producedremotelyandconvertedtoaformthatcanbetransportedlongdistances)orwillneedlong-termstorage.Chemicalstoragelikelybeusedforthesetwoapplications.NH3willlikelybethemostcost-effectiveoptionforchemicalstorage.OncerenewableenergyisstoredasNH3,itismoreefficientandcost-effectivetousetheNH3asaliquidtransportationfuelinFCVand/orICEVthantoconvertittoelectricityanddeliveritthroughthegridtoEVfillingstationsforuseinEV’s.
ConclusionNH3:
isclearly,themostaffordablecarbon-freefuelisthemostefficientfuelinaninternalcombustionenginehasoptimalenvironmentalperformancehasproductionflexibilitysecondtononehasexcellentend-useflexibility(tunablefuel)hastremendousbusinessdevelopmentopportunitiesistheoptimalchoiceforanalternativefuel
Prodigiousbusinessopportunitiesandtremendousworld-widebenefits.
TopTechnologyDevelopmentsVaccines
SyntheticAmmoniaFertilizer(Haber-Bosch)PersonalComputer
InternetNH3Energy?