Human Exploration & Operations Mission Directorate Demonstration of Autonomous Rendezvous Technology (DART) Risk Management Case Study J. Steven Newman D.Sc. NASA Human Exploration & Operations Risk & Knowledge Management Support Team ARES Corporation David Lengyel Manager – NASA Human Exploration & Operations Risk & Knowledge Management
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Human Exploration & OperationsMission Directorate
Demonstration of Autonomous Rendezvous Technology (DART) Risk Management Case Study
J. Steven Newman D.Sc.NASA Human Exploration & Operations
Risk & Knowledge Management Support TeamARES Corporation
David LengyelManager – NASA Human Exploration & Operations
Risk & Knowledge Management
Welcome to the DART Case StudyWhat is this?• This case study explores the
history of the DART mission and examines how changes in risk posture and management expectations created unique challenges
Who is it for?• This case study is intended to
aid program and project managers in making risk informed decisions
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How is this going to work?• 15 min intro by facilitator and
video (if www available)• Charts• Text Case
• 20 min small group discussion• 5 min to build your summary
discussion charts• Markers & Flip Charts
provided• 15 minute out-brief and large
group discussion
Be thinking? – Take Notes!• What are the key risks?• How might the risks be
mitigated?• Would I proceed post CDR?
Dart was initiated as a Class D, Low Cost, High Risk Technology Demonstrator Mission
• Goal: Demonstrate that a pre-programmed and unaided spacecraft could independently rendezvous with a satellite
• Need: Advance the technology readiness level of a capability necessary to support future autonomous resupply of the International Space Station (ISS)
• Other Objectives: • Provide results to support DoD DARPA Orbital Express
Project• Provide results to support USAF Experimental Small
Satellite Project
The DART Project
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27 objectives for a successful missionFour mission phases
Launch and Early Orbit Phase• Launch from carrier aircraft to initial parking orbit
Rendezvous Phase• Thrusters fire DART into phase 2 orbit below satellite
Proximity Operations Phase• Move into satellite’s orbit• AVGS activation at waypoint• Perform close-range maneuvers
Departure and Retirement Phase• Retire into short-lifetime orbit
The DART Mission Plan
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Historical Implementation Context
Cost & Schedule Constraints
Cost Pressures• Cost doubled with additional testing• Standing army costs with delays for launch
vehicle loads analysisSchedule pressures
• Cancellation / gate reviews• MUBLCOM control issues
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Other Constraints• Very small technical team• Contract providing limited government oversight/insight• Experience mixed / limited• Acceptance of risk in the initial verification approach• Limited systems engineering support• Changes in management risk posture• Late changes
• Launch vehicle• Software
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DART Key Elements contd.
8(SIGI)
Flight Systems Interactions GPS and AVGS collect navigation data Flight computer estimates position, velocity, bearing, and attitude
based on sensor input Flight computer issues commands to maneuvering thrusters
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• The time is January 2003 – shortly after CDR• The DART Project had been shifted from 2nd Gen to the Orbital
Space Plane (OSP) program• NASA senior management has announced that the DART Project
is now a high priority, low risk mission - Class B– The autonomous rendezvous and docking capability has been
determined to be essential for commercial ISS resupply missions
• Given that 300 problems and issues were identified in the critical design review – indicating potential risks and problems – Agency senior management has called for a top level review at NASA Headquarters in Washington
Exercise: CDR Decision Point
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Risk Posture ExerciseYour job is to prepare a 3-Chart briefing for NASA senior management concerning next steps for the DART Project. Your briefing will address:• Chart 1: Top DART Risks• Chart 2: Proposed Mitigation Approaches• Chart 3: Recommendations
• Proceeding to the Design Certification Review or cancelling the mission
20 Min Discussion
5 Min Build Charts
DART Risk Management WebCase
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DART Risk Management Case StudyCopyright © 2011 United States Government asRepresented by the Administrator of the NationalAeronautics and Space Administration. No copyright isclaimed in the United States under Title 17, U.S. Code. All Other Rights Reserved.
Visit us on the Web at:
http://www.nasa.gov/externalflash/dart/or
http://www.nasa.gov/directorates/heo/home/
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