New Aviation Technologies and Challenges in Training

New Aviation Technologies

and Challenges in Training

Lou NémethChief Safety Officer

CAE Inc. Confidential and/or Proprietary Information CAE Inc. Confidential and/or Proprietary Information 2

Dealing with the Black Swan in training

What is the theory?

What can we do about it as it applies to aviation training?


How will technology improvements influencing the type of simulators on the market?

Technology will increase safety while increasing efficiencies for our customers, but how?► The greater the fidelity of the device the more efficient the

learning► Converse is also true► What are the consequences of teaching stalls in a narrow

envelope?

CAE Inc. Confidential and/or Proprietary Information CAE Inc. Confidential and/or Proprietary Information

Aircraft Technology and Instructional Technology

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1980 FMS EFIS FBS CBT IPT Vsim AQP ISD MFTD EVIDENCED BASED 2010

Technology in Aircraft

Training Technology

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The pace of training technology growth exceeds the

pace of aircraft technology growth circa 2000; this begins to bring down

the cost of training while demand for training will soar 2 – 3 years after 911.


Aircraft Technology and Instructional Technology

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Training Technology

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There is a lag in time between the introduction of training technology and the efficiency benefit.

Airlines are not typically early adopters. A competitive advantage may be achieved w/o the

risks that goes with early adoption by contracting training service providers.

1980 FMS EFIS FBS CBT IPT Vsim AQP ISD MFTD EVIDENCED BASED 2010



ITQI - ICAO IATA Round Table 7

Years Of Operation

2nd jet generation

Sources: Airclaims, Airbus

All aircraft

1st generation

2nd generation3rd generation

4th generation

Includes western built jetsExcludes training, flight test, war, terrorism

2nd generation:Hull Loss

per million departures

1st generation:

Early jet

3rd generation:

Glass-cockpitNav displayFMS

4th generation:

FBWFlight EnvelopeProtection

0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

8.00

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48

Hull Losses per Aircraft Generation


Cost of Accidents

INJURIES•Compensation for lost earnings•Medical & hospital costs•Awards for permanent disabilities•Rehab costs•Funeral Costs•Pensions for dependents

PROPERTY DAMAGE•Fire•Losses and damage•Use & occupancy•Liability

INSUREDCOSTS

UNINSUREDCOSTS

WATER LINE

INJURIES•First Aid Expenses•Transportation Costs•Investigation Costs•Cost of Processing Reports

WAGE LOSSES•Interrupted work time•Hours cleaning up accident•Time spent repairing eqpmnt

PRODUCTION LOSSES•Product spoiled by accident•Loss of skill & experience•Worker replacement•Idle machine time

ASSOCIATED COSTS•Dif between losses & recovery•Equipment replacement•Surplus workers•Disabled worker costs•Overhead while production stopped

OFF THE JOB ACCIDENTS•Medical Services•Injured worker welfare•Loss of skill & experience•Training

INTANGIBLES•Low Morale -- Labor conflict•PR & Loss of Goodwill

Ramp incidents cost the industry $3 billion per year, or $300,000 per aircraft -- Indirect costs exceed direct costs by a factor of 20


Example Costs

Type of Event Direct Cost Indirect Cost

A/C struck by catering truck

$17,000 $230,000

A/C struck by another while

taxiing

$1.9 million $4.9 Million

Jetway struck A/C $50,000 $600,000

A/C struck by tug during pushback

$250,000 $200,000


CAE’s Training Philosophy


Clearly efficient but

is it safe?


Will technology change the

balance between safety &

efficiency?


Will even more technology change the

balance between safety

& efficiency?

No amount of technology, by

itself, will make us safe.


Single Pilot Judgment Process

Did I id the environment

early enough?

Did I act in a timely

manner?

Did I feel confident?

Cognitive Process Span all phases

Gut check spans all phases

Sense/Identify Frame/Name Mobilze/Align Call Make it happen Learn/Adjust

Redo Redo Redo

Did I cut through the

complexity & get to the essence?

Did I have parameters

in mind?

Did I consider

those impacted?

Did I use all resources?

Did I come to a yes/no decision?

Could I clearly

explain my judgment?

Did I stay in the game?

Did I set clear

milestones?

Was I supportive of those trying to help me?

Did I get or solicit

feedback?

Did I make adjustments based on the

feedback?

Was the feedback

continuous?

Judgment; Tichy & Bennis; Penguin Publishers, 2007


Two tools together Judgment Model & Flight Data Animation Tools


Interactive Demo

The Strengths of Technology Applied To Training

16


In Conclusion

Technology for the sake of technology solves nothing; holistic approaches that take into account the cognitive sciences are required

Technologies used to implement reflection by themselves are ineffective they must be paired with judgment tool questionnaires; enough practice with them creates the necessary clairvoyance and a better pilot

A decrease in fidelity will dramatically decrease learning outcomes

Training should leverage new technologies for the sake of safety and efficiency


Thank you

New Aviation Technologies and Challenges in Training

Documents

instructional technology

technology improvements

aviation training

aircraft generationcae

training service providers

terrorismhull losses

indirect costs

early adoption