Neural Circuitry, Hormones, and Synaptic Transmitters Mediate Violence and Aggression Aggression has different meanings; the primary focus here is physical aggression and violence between individuals, exclusive of predation. Intermale aggression is aggression between males of the same species. Androgens seem to increase aggression, but the correlation in humans is less clear. Two confounding variables: Experience and dominance can affect testosterone levels; winners show higher levels of testosterone than losers.
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Neural Circuitry, Hormones, and Synaptic Transmitters Mediate Violence and Aggression Aggression has different meanings; the primary focus here is physical.
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Neural Circuitry, Hormones, and Synaptic Transmitters Mediate Violence and Aggression
Aggression has different meanings; the primary focus here is physical aggression and violence between individuals, exclusive of predation.
Intermale aggression is aggression between males of the same species.
Androgens seem to increase aggression, but the correlation in humans is less clear.
Two confounding variables:
Experience and dominance can affect testosterone levels; winners show higher levels of testosterone than losers.
The Effects of Androgens on the Aggressive Behavior of Mice
Concept of Stress
•Stressor – anything that causes stress
External sources
Internal “cognitive” sources
Combinations of external and internal
•Stress Reaction
Autonomic Hypothalamus -CRH -ACTH -Cortisol
Behavioral
Cognitive
Characteristics of Stressors
• Eustress “Good Stressors” – Mild
– Predictable
– Controllable
• Distress “Bad Stressors” – Intense
– Unpredictable
– Uncontrollable
Regulation of Hormones Produced by the Adrenal Glands
Stress Activates Two Hormonal Systems
Autonomic Activation during a Stress Situation
Hormonal Changes in Humans in Response to Social Stresses
Factors That Interact during the Development and Progression of Disease
Main Components of the Human Immune System
Examples of Reciprocal Relations of the Nervous, Endocrine, and Immune Systems
The Stress Response and Consequences of Prolonged Stress
Stress Reaction Mediators
•Individual Differences
•Genetics
•Emotional reactions
•Pattern of response
•Intensity of response
•Hardiness
•Resilience
•Developmental
•Exposure to Stressors during early development
•Cognitive Appraisal
•Positive : Think of stressor as a Challenge
•Negative : Think of the stressor as a Threat
• Most people when exposed to extraordinary levels of stress and trauma
• maintain normal psychological and physical functioning without serious mental illness