Networked Society City Index 2013 City Profiles

NETWORKEDSOCIETYCITY INDEX 2013APPENDIX 2 – CITY PROFILES

Introduction 4

#1 Stockholm 5

#2 London 6

#3 Singapore 6

#4 Paris 7

#5 Copenhagen 8

#6 Oslo 9

#7 Hong Kong 10

#8 New York 11

#9 Helsinki 12

#10 Tokyo 13

#11 Los Angeles 15

#12 Miami 15

#13 Seoul 16

#14 Taipei 17

#15 Sydney 18

#16 Moscow 19

#17 São Paulo 20

#18 Istanbul 21

#19 Beijing 22

#20 Shanghai 23

#21 Buenos Aires 24

#22 Johannesburg 25

#23 Mexico City 26

#24 Manila 27

#25 Jakarta 28

#26 Delhi 29

#27 Cairo 30

#28 Mumbai 31

#29 Lagos 31

#30 Karachi 32

#31 Dhaka 33

Contents

ErICSSON NETwOrKED SOCIETY CITY INDEx 2013 – APPENDIx 2 – CITY PrOFILES 3

The city profiles provide the reader with city-specific results in the six dimensions of the composite index, describing their current state in terms of ICT maturity and socioeconomic and environmental development. The city profiles are designed to generate interest in issues related to ICT maturity and triple bottom line (TBL) development on a local level. They do not provide the reader with answers, but point out interesting results from the index that could be transformed into policy-relevant discussions at both

local and national levels.

while the indicators of ICT maturity dimensions measure input to ICT development, the TBL indica-tors measure output of social, economic and envi-ronmental development in cities. The charts present the results of the city in each of the six dimensions of the index relative to other cities included in the study. The axis of the chart goes from zero to the top value in each dimension.

introductionThis study aims to provide insights into how cities could use ICT to improve their socio-economic and environmental impact, and to inspire the development of networked cities worldwide. The Networked Society City Index 2013 draws on data from 31 cities around the world. The sample ranges from cities in developing economies in South Asia and Africa to developed cities in the USA and northern Europe. However, the list is not exclusive. The selection here is based on a list of the world’s largest cities, with additional cities with strong ICT development and/or interesting aspects. The Networked Society City Index 2013 is open to other cities and we hope that the list will continue to grow.

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Stockholm

The complexity in the relation between environmental development and increased ICT maturity is highlighted by the lighter color shading.

4 ErICSSON NETwOrKED SOCIETY CITY INDEx 2013 – APPENDIx 2 – CITY PrOFILES

#1 Stockholm

The capital of Sweden offers an environment for life and business that scores high in most of the context-related dimensions. The Stockholm metropolitan area with 2.1 million inhabitants, home to 22 percent of Sweden’s population, is the most populous city in Sweden and on the Scandinavian Peninsula. Stock-holm municipality has a population of 890,000.

The service industry, which accounts for roughly 85 percent of jobs in Stockholm, in combination with the almost total absence of heavy industry (and fossil fuel power plants) make Stockholm one of the world’s cleanest metropolises.

The city accounts for about 30 percent of Sweden’s GDP. The last decade has seen a significant number of jobs created in high technology companies. Stockholm has a highly skilled workforce and strong research and develop-ment – and some of the world’s most advanced users of ICT. A major ICT center is located in Kista, in northern Stockholm. The number of ICT companies in the Stock-holm region has grown dramatically in recent years.

Stockholm is the highest ranked city in the Networked Society City Index, having achieved a high score in all dimensions and variables of the index. Stockholm has a long, proven track record of focused initiatives and programs to drive the progress of ICT infrastructure. with the deregulation of the Swedish telecom market in the early 1990s, the city adopted an ambitious plan to provide fiber access to both homes and businesses. This year, the target of having every multi-tenant building connected to fiber was reached, making Stockholm one of the most fiber dense cities globally. A third place in TBL performance leaves room for devel-opment, especially in the economic and environmental dimensions.

Stockholm ranks well above average in the social dimension of the index. The city performs equally well both in health and education as well as in social inclusion. However, Stock-holm is facing challenges regarding

social sustainability and could offer more equal life opportunities to all of its residents.

The city also gets a high score in the economic dimension. Stockholm ranks highest in economic competi-tiveness and is equally strong and well above average in business startups, employment in knowledge-

intensive services as well as in tertiary educational attainment. However, Stockholm is not among the top five in GDP per capita.

The environmental dimension lowers the overall result for Stockholm and leaves room for improvement despite the overall high ranking. As in many developed cities, the standard of living puts stress on the environment

and induces climate change. Stockholm does gain from the fact that a large part of its energy comes from non-fossil energy sources, and from the lack of hazard-ous air pollution.

Stockholm performs very well in the three ICT dimensions, including ICT usage. Despite the highest scores in individual and market use, a slightly lower performance in technology usage (penetration rates in comput-ers, mobile phones, smartphones and tablets) indicates that the city should continue to invest in ICT in order to maintain its leading position.

Stockholm’s ambitious plan to provide fiber access to its homes and businesses makes it one of the most fiber dense cities globally Further-more, Stockholm has a tradition of early and rapid rollout of mobile infra-structure dating back to the very first days of mobile communication. A recent example of this advanced position in mobile communications technology is the launch of LTE in Stockholm in as early as 2009. In the index, Stockholm ranks #2 in the ICT infrastructure assessment after London, followed by Paris and Singapore.

The open city-owned fiber network allows individual users to choose their own network service provider. This competitive market with multiple suppliers provides the users with competitive prices and affordable connections to the digital world.

#2 London

London, the capital city of England and the UK, has an estimated 8.3 million residents (2012), accounting for

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12.5 percent of the UK population. The London metro-politan area is the largest in the EU with a total popula-tion of 13.6 million.

London is a leading global city, with strengths in the arts, commerce, entertainment, fashion, healthcare, media, tourism, and more. It is the world’s most-visited city. Its universities form the largest concentration of higher education in Europe.

The metropolitan area generates approximately 30 percent of the UK’s GDP. London is one of the world’s leading financial centers: finance is its largest industry, and its financial exports make the city a large contribu-tor to the UK’s balance of payments. London has over 480 overseas banks, more than any other city in the world. Over 85 percent of the employed population of Greater London work in services industries and more than 100 of Europe’s 500 largest companies have their headquarters in central London. A growing number of technology companies are based in London, notably in East London Tech City.

London ranks second in the Networked Society City Index and it performs very well in all six dimensions of the index. Above all, London has a very well developed ICT infrastructure. It scores above average in all TBL areas, apart from the environmental dimension, where

there is room for improvement.London performs well above average in the social dimension of the index in total, especially in health, where initiatives such as the London Health Programmes and Electronic Patient

record (EPr) system to share patient information across organizations have been implemented over the last decade. However, because London is a city with socio-economic inequalities, increasing availability of health care in certain groups is an important issue.

The city scores high in the economic dimension. London, the unchallenged business center of the UK, has a strong economy with a relatively high GDP per capita. London also per-

forms well in economic competitiveness and above average in business startups, employment in knowl-edge-intensive services as well as in tertiary educational attainment.

The environmental dimension lowers the overall result for London, and has room for further improvement. The city has an impact on climate and its use of resources is relatively high. However, as with most developed

cities, London performs well regarding pollution, demonstrating that actions to improve the environment are implemented in the city.

ICT usage scores high for London on an individual and market level. The city also performs well in technology use, with high penetration rates in computers, mobile phones, smart-phones and tablets.

London’s ICT infrastructure is ex-panded, especially in terms of broadband quality, fixed and mobile broadband and international internet bandwidth capacity, where London is ranked as number one in the Net-worked Society City Index. London has a good avail-ability of ICT, with a large amount of wi-Fi hotspots in the city, good fiber penetration and internet access.

The ICT market in London has a large number of worldwide network opera-tors, and even though there is more data center space in London than in many other European cities, limited data space is still an issue. This reflects what seems to be a competitive market with multiple suppliers. According to the index, the ICT market in London offers competitive prices.

#3 Singapore

Singapore, with its 5.3 million inhabitants, is a global financial, industrial and technological hub, and has emerged as a leader in the green ICT economy. Its success in ICT can be explained by a highly skilled workforce, business-friendly climate, great logistics and its central location.

Singapore offers its inhabitants one of the highest living standards in Asia. In 2012, the city was the highest scoring Asian city in Mercer’s Quality of Living Survey. Moreover, Mercer rated Singapore as having the best infrastructure in the world.

when it comes to sustainability, Singapore’s govern-ment has stressed the importance of green and clean cities. For example, Singapore was the first city to use

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modern toll roads. During the last decades, many green initiatives have been launched in both the public and private sectors. According to the National Climate Change Secretariat in Singapore, the city’s green ICT industry comprises more than 80 of the top 100 soft-ware and service companies in the world.

Singapore ranks #3 in the Networked Society City Index and performs equally well in usage, infrastructure and affordability. It has the highest ranking among the Asian cities. The Infocomm Development Authority of Singa-pore (IDA) was formed in 1999 in response to the growing convergence of information technology and telephony. Since 2005, IDA’s work has been guided by the Intelligent Nation 2015 master plan, which seeks to transform Singapore into “An Intelligent Nation, A Global City, Powered by Infocomm.” In 2012, Singapore had rolled out fiber to 95 percent of all properties. Both fixed and mobile broadband speeds are relatively high. Singapore also has one of the highest penetration rates

of smartphones and tablets. Singapore has a high score in the social dimension and performs well in terms of health and social inclusion. The infant mortality rate is low and the average life expectancy is high.

The unemployment rate is one of the lowest. However, educational attainment among the citizens is not as high as in other high-performing cities in the social dimension.

The city scores well in the economic dimension. Singapore has high productivity and ranks high in the future competitiveness owing to a good business environment with

many business startups. For example, Singapore ranks as number one on the world Bank’s ranking of the ease of doing business. while Singapore has a high level of tertiary educational attainment among the citizens, employment in knowledge-intensive services is not as high as in many other top-performing cities.

Singapore performs below average in the environmental dimension. The CO2 emissions in the city are above average and the energy consumption is high, especially

of fossil fuels. On the other hand, the pollution level in the city is very low. This is probably an outcome of the city government’s focus on the green city and green ICT solutions such as the Electronic road Pricing (ErP)

System to manage road congestion. The city also has a low amount of waste per capita and a high recycling rate.

Singapore performs well in the ICT dimension, including the usage of ICT. The city has one of the highest scores in technology use, with a high pen-etration rate for smartphones, com-puters and tablets. while the score in individual use is not as high, the usage is above aver-age. The city performs better in market and public use, with good open data services and above-average rate of electronic payments.

Singapore performs well in fixed and mobile broadband quality, and the infrastructure access is also very good. Of Singapore’s residential and non-residential premises, 95 percent can access the ultra-high-speed Next Generation Nationwide Broadband Network, which makes Singapore one of the most fiber-dense cities in the world

The mobile phone tariffs are low in the city, but the fixed broadband prices are not as low as in many other high - ranking cities. On the other hand, the citizens have a very fast broadband connection. The IP transit prices are relatively high compared to other cities of similar performance in ICT, which is a disadvantage in terms of global competition.

#4 Paris

Paris is the cosmopolitan capital of France, with 2.2 million people living in the central city and almost 12 million people in the metropolitan area. The population density is one of the highest in the developed world, only slightly lower than Manhattan.

Paris’ economy has gradually shifted towards high value-added service industries and high-tech manufacturing. However, it remains an important manufacturing center of Europe, especially in industrial sectors. The Paris region is home to the headquarters of 30 Fortune Global 500 companies. Paris region is one of Europe’s biggest providers of jobs in IT and has around 70 schools and universities providing high-level IT and telecommunica-tions courses to more than 20,200 students each year.

Paris is ranked #4 in the Networked Society City Index. The city performs exceptionally well in all ICT and the

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TBL dimensions. Fiber is accessible in a number of districts and a few years ago, large investments were made in fiber technology, aiming for Paris to be the leading European region for high-speed access.

Paris performs well in the social dimension. However, it is somewhat below its peers in terms of educational attainment and infant mortality rates. The city is facing the challenge of unemployment. Paris has taken

actions to improve social sustainability. For example, a major urban renewal project, including various economic, cultural, housing, transport and environmental projects, was launched in 2007 to achieve better integration of the city’s districts and to revitalize the metropolitan economy.

The city performs well above average in the economic dimension. Paris’ economy has gradually shifted towards high-value-added service industries and high-tech manufactur-ing, and the city’s GDP per capita is

high. Paris achieves a good result in economic competi-tiveness, mainly in business startups, employment in knowledge intensive services, patents and tertiary educational attainment, having a lower score in busi-ness startups.

The city’s environmental performance is particularly strong on the pollution indicator. In recent years, the general livability of Paris has been improved by reducing pollution and improving facilities for transportation, including

cycle paths, pedestrian districts and faster metro lines. Paris performs around average in the areas of climate and CO2 emissions and has less energy consumption than the average, which is especially good compared to other cities in developed countries.

while Paris performs above average in the ICT usage, it performs worse than many comparable highly-devel-oped cities. Paris has a well-devel-oped open data source environment and scores high on individual usage.

However, the overall result is affected by a modest adaptation to new technologies. For example, Paris has a rather low penetration rate of smartphones and tablets.

Paris scores very high in access to ICT in general and is top performing in terms of high-speed mobile broadband and wi-Fi hotspots. A few years ago, the city of Paris contracted the second largest mobile telecom-munications operator in France to supply and integrate an urban wi-Fi network in the city, resulting in very good access to free wireless broadband for both citizens and visitors. while large investments have been made in fiber technology, more needs to be done. The city also performs well in broadband quality.

Paris scores high in the ICT afford-ability dimension. Low tariffs in fixed broadband together with low transit prices indicate that Parisian citizens possess a competitive market with reasonable prices. Mobile phone tariffs have been quickly decreasing due to the fierce competition driven by the last entrant in the market.

#5 Copenhagen

Copenhagen is the capital of Denmark. with an urban population of 1.2 million and a metropolitan population of 2.0 million it is Denmark’s most populous city. Since the completion of the transnational Øresund Bridge, Copenhagen has become increasingly integrated with the south of Sweden. Together they are slowly merging into an Øresund region with about 4 million people.Copenhagen has some of the highest gross wages in the world. Lower taxation of foreign specialists has made Denmark a more attractive location for foreign labor. However, income taxation in Denmark and Copenhagen is high and the city is ranked among the most expensive in Europe.

Copenhagen is the cultural, economic and governmen-tal center of Denmark and it is regarded as one of the financial centers of Northern Europe. Life sciences is an important sector and r&D plays a major role in the economy. Copenhagen is taking a leadership role in sustainable innovation. The city has committed to carbon neutrality by 2025 and 40 percent of its citizens regularly commute by bicycle.

Copenhagen achieves the fifth highest ranking in the Networked Society City Index. It performs well above average in all six dimensions of ICT and TBL. Copenha-gen is the ICT center in Denmark and the region is particularly advanced in areas connected to the use of ICT in specific areas such as health and robot technol-ogy, energy technology and network technology, mobile communication and software development.

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Copenhagen performs well and above average in the social dimen-sion of the index, showing no excep-tional results in health and social inclusion. The city’s unemployment and homicide rates leave room for

improvement. A good education is an important factor for finding a job in the city’s knowledge-based busi-nesses and Copenhagen is among the top-ranked cities in terms of education.

The city performs less well in the economic dimension. while the GDP per capita is high in Copenhagen, there are many cities in the index with higher results. Copenhagen scores high in economic competitiveness, measured

by business startups, patents, employment in knowledge intensive services, and in tertiary educational attainment.

Copenhagen is ranked highest of all cities in the envi-ronmental dimension. It is a clean city with very low levels of pollution. Due to the high living standard, Copenha-gen, like all developed cities, contrib-utes to climate change in terms of use of resources (waste and energy) and CO2 emissions. However,

compared to other cities in developed countries, Copenhagen performs well in these areas.

Copenhagen performs fairly well in ICT usage. A relatively low penetra-tion level of mobile subscriptions and tablets is balanced by a higher penetration rate of smartphones and computers. On an individual level, the usage is well developed and as numbers of computers and connectivity suggest, the population is willing to test and embrace new technology.

while internet accessibility in Copen-hagen is good, the overall result is lowered by a low score in wi-Fi hotspots. Broadband quality is fairly good in terms of speed in both fixed and mobile broadband.

Copenhagen is ranked #1 in the ICT affordability dimension, together with the other North European cities. Low tariffs in fixed and mobile broadband together with low transit prices indicate that Copenhageners enjoy a competitive market with reasonable prices.

#6 OsloOslo is the capital and the most populous city of Norway. The municipality has 627,000 inhabitants and the metropolitan area has a population of about 1 million. The population is increasing at a high rate, making Oslo one of the fastest growing cities in Europe. It is highly ranked in terms of quality of life and regarded as one of the world’s greenest and most livable cities.

For several years Oslo has been listed as one of the most expensive cities in the world. Although Oslo has the most expensive housing market in Norway, it is comparably cheaper than other cities in that regard. Meanwhile, prices of goods and services remain some of the highest of any city in the world.

Oslo is the economic and governmental center of Norway and has a strong, diversified economy. The city is a hub of Norwegian trade, banking, industry and shipping. It is an important center for maritime industries and maritime trade in Europe. In addition, a large number of oil and gas companies are situated in Oslo. The oil industry has a huge effect on the country’s economy.

while Oslo performs exceptionally well in the TBL part of the index, it is ranked #6 in the overall Networked Society City Index. Despite the growth of the ICT sector, a further-enhanced ICT infrastructure would advance the city to a higher level. As ICT is a key tool in all types of business, government and households, further investments are essential to spur progress in all sectors of Oslo society.

Oslo is outperforming other cities in the social dimension of the index, with above-average scores in health, education, safety and inclusion. The city has an extensive public service and a high standard of living.

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#5


with the highest GDP per capita of all cities included in the Networked Society City Index, Oslo scores high in the economic dimension, mainly due to the oil industry’s influence on the Norwegian economy. Oslo is the

business center of Norway and the impact of the oil industry is visible. Oslo performs well in economic competitiveness and is equally strong and above average in employment in knowledge-intensive services as well as in tertiary educational attainment. However, its performance regarding business startups and patents could be enhanced.

Oslo performs well in the environ-mental dimension, with low CO2 emissions and pollution considerably lower than the average, mainly due to using climate-friendly hydropower for the city’s rail-based public transport.

However, Oslo scores less well in the use of resources, with average waste per capita and energy consumption.

Oslo performs fairly well in terms of ICT usage. Norway has a highly educated population with early adoption of new technology such as smartphones, and Oslo has a high rate of mobile subscribers. Oslo scores high in individual and market use, but the usage result is negatively affected by a less developed open data source environment.

Internet coverage is almost 100 percent, but the number of broadband users is not that extended. Oslo’s relatively modest performance in ICT infrastructure is a result of moderate expansion of, and access to fiber, high-speed mobile broadband and wi-Fi hotspots. while broadband speeds in the city are quite high, international internet bandwidth capacity can be improved.

Oslo is ranked #1 for ICT affordability. The city offers affordable ICT for its inhabitants, with low tariffs for both fixed and mobile broadband, and affordable transit prices, reflecting what seems to be a competitive ICT market.

#7 Hong Kong

Hong Kong is a Special Administrative region of the People’s republic of China. The population is 7 million and Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated areas in the world.

while Hong Kong was rapidly industrialized as a manu-facturing center, driven by exports, it now has a major service-based economy with low taxation and free

trade. The currency, the Hong Kong dollar, is the eighth most traded currency in the world. Hong Kong has one of the world’s highest per-capita incomes. It has numer-ous high international rankings in various aspects such as economic competitiveness, quality of life and corrup-tion perception.

Hong Kong is a leading center for management, financial, IT, business consultation and professional services, with one of the greatest concentrations of corporate head-quarters in the Asia-Pacific region. The Hong Kong Stock Exchange is the seventh largest in the world. Hong Kong is the world’s eleventh largest trading entity with the total value of imports and exports exceeding its GDP. Much of Hong Kong’s exports consist of re-exports, which are products made outside of the territory, especially in mainland China, and distributed via Hong Kong.

Hong Kong ranks #7 in the Networked Society City Index and performs especially well in ICT usage. Since 1998, the Digital 21 Strategy has set out the govern-ment’s vision of developing Hong Kong into a leading digital city. The Hong Kong ICT Awards was established in 2006 as a collaborative effort by the industry, aca-demia and the government. The objective is to recog-nize and to promote further achievements. Hong Kong citizens and businesses have access to fast broadband, many wireless hotspots and the penetration of smart-phones and tablets is high.

Hong Kong ranks high in the social dimension and performs well in terms of health and social inclusion. The infant mortality is the lowest of the cities included in the index and average life expectancy is very high.

The unemployment rate is one of the lowest. However, compared to other cities with a high score in the social dimension, Hong Kong’s educational attainment among citizens is lower.

Despite its good business environ-ment, Hong Kong’s economic dimen-sion is not ranked as high as the social dimension. while Hong Kong has high productivity, many other cities in the index have a higher GDP

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#7


per capita. The city performs well in terms of future competitiveness owing to good business environment with many business startups. However, the education level among the citizens and employment in the knowl-edge-intensive services are not as high as in many other top-performing cities.

Hong Kong performs above average in the environmental dimension. Its pollution values are better than in many other cities and almost all the wastewater is treated. The city’s per capita impact on climate change is

quite low compared to cities of the same economic performance. while Hong Kong has a high recycling rate and the amount of waste per person is around average, it has relatively high fossil fuel energy consumption.

Hong Kong performs well in all ICT dimensions, especially in ICT usage. The city has the highest technology use, with high penetration rates for mobile phones, smartphones, com-puters and tablets. Even if the city’s result in the individual use is not equally good, it is still above the average. The city performs better in market and public use, with good open data services and quite high usage of electronic payments. Over the past decade, the government has made a full range of information available through its websites and a variety of electronic services are accessible by phone or internet.

The broadband speeds in Hong Kong are the highest among the cities in the index. However, regarding the mobile broadband quality, the city does not perform equally well. The internet access is high among the citizens and Hong Kong is one of the most fiber-dense cities globally. Hong Kong has many wireless hotspots. It also provides computers with an internet connection for free public use at convenient locations such as public libraries, commu-nity cyber points and district cyber centers.

The mobile phone tariffs in Hong Kong are low, but fixed broadband prices are not as low as in many other cities with a high ranking. On the other hand, the citizens have one of the fastest broadband speeds among the cities. The IP transit prices are relatively high com-pared to other well-performing cities in ICT.

#8 New York

New York City has a population of over 8 million and it is the largest city in the United States. The New York Metro-politan Area has about 22 million inhabitants, which makes it one of the most populated urban areas in the world.

In 2010, The Urban Elite Global Cities Index ranked New York one of the most global cities based on five aspects of globalization: business activity, human capital, information exchange, cultural experience, and political engagement. A total of 26 Fortune Global 500 compa-nies have their headquarters in the city and New York is arguably the strongest global center of international business activity. The city exerts a significant global impact upon finance, media, art, fashion, research technology, education and entertainment.

Many districts and landmarks in the city have become well known to its approximately 50 million annual visitors. The financial district, anchored by wall Street in Lower Manhattan, has been called the world’s leading financial center and it is home to the New York Stock Exchange. Manhattan’s real estate market is among the most expensive in the world.

New York ranks #8 in the Networked Society City Index and it performs well in each of the ICT dimensions of usage, infrastructure and affordability. New York is ranked highest out of all cities outside Europe. The city has a well-developed infrastructure and can offer high quality services at affordable prices. For example, it has a developed open data site and high rate of electronic payments. The slight weakness lies in the relatively low proportion of the population with internet access and low amount of smartphones. However, projects are being developed to increase the connectivity of New Yorkers. For example, AT&T has developed a number of solar-powered street charge stations for smartphones, which can be seen as a statement concerning the importance of ICT and the environment.

New York performs well in the social dimension of the index, especially in terms of education where it performs best of the included American cities. The city’s score for the health indicator is above average. The social inclusion

indicator with slightly above-average values for both unemployment and homicide rates leaves room for improvement.

Since New York has the second highest GDP per capita of the included cities, it is no surprise that the city is

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#7

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#8

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#8


one of the highest achieving on the economic dimension. It is a competi-tive city with an above-average result for both employment in knowledge-intensive services as well as in tertiary educational attainment.

However, its result in business startups and patents does not quite reach the same level.

New York’s performance in the environmental dimension leaves room for improvement. The city uses a lot of resources, which is not fully compensated for by the fact that a lot of waste is recycled. The consump-

tion of energy is mostly based on fossil fuels. At the same time, New York has low concentrations of particu-late matter in the air even though the nitrogen dioxide emissions still stand out. The climate indicator has a lower value due to above-average emissions of carbon dioxide.

New York performs reasonably well considering ICT usage. The city is hosting many ICT initiatives, including free wi-Fi in 32 parks and several subway stations, free solar mobile charging stations and deployment of fiber optic cabling. This dimension can be summarized by the fact that public, market and individual use are clear strengths, while the city’s performance in terms of technology use is average.

New York has a well-developed ICT infrastructure concerning broadband quality, with both fiber and LTE well established in society. However, internet access could be further enhanced; for example, the number of hotspots is slightly below average. It seems that the inhabitants and public sector need to adjust more to these new possibilities.

The leading ICT indicator for New York is affordability, with very competitive broadband and mobile cellular tariffs and the IP transit prices on a global scale. This could imply challenges in other areas where the city has to develop its use of ICT even further.

#9 Helsinki

Helsinki is the capital and largest city of Finland. The municipality has 611,000 inhabitants and the population of the Helsinki metropolitan area is 1.4 million, repre-senting more than 25 percent of Finland’s population. Helsinki receives high positions in many rankings listing the most livable cities in the world. Finland is known to have one of the best educational systems in Europe and

was recently ranked as one of the world’s most peaceful and economically competitive nations.

Helsinki is Finland’s major political, educational, finan-cial, cultural and research center. The Helsinki metro-politan area generates approximately one third of Finland’s GDP and 83 of the 100 largest Finnish compa-nies are headquartered in the city. Approximately 70 percent of multinational companies operating in Finland have settled in the Helsinki region. Finland is well known for its design and was chosen as the world Design Capital for 2012.

Helsinki is the main ICT cluster in Finland and ranks #9 in the Networked Society City Index. Finland is a highly advanced country when it comes to the production and application of telecommunication services.

Helsinki offers a high quality of life to its inhabitants. It performs exception-ally well and above average in the social dimension of the index, with equally high scores in health, educa-tion and inclusion. However, the

unemployment rate still leaves some room for improve-ment.

Helsinki performs well above average in the economic dimension. The productivity measured through the GDP per capita and economic competitiveness measured through business startups, patents, tertiary

educational attainment and employment in knowledge intensive services score high, even if the result does not stand out in comparison to several similar cities.

Helsinki is a clean city and performs very well regarding pollution. As Helsinki is a highly developed city with a high standard of living, the city’s impact on climate change is notable. The environmental perfor-

mance is affected by the use of resources. Compared to other similar cities, Helsinki scores high in terms of recycled waste.

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#8

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#9

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#8

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#9


ICT usage score is high for Helsinki. Helsinki has earlier been a world leader in mobile subscriptions, partly due to Finland’s leading role in the telecom market but also due to the early liberalization of the telecom market and highly affordable prices. The use of Smart-phones is very high in Helsinki. The computer pene-tration is one of the highest among the cities in the Networked Society City Index. The penetration of tablets is however relatively low, which lowered the overall very high outcome for the ICT usage

Helsinki has fairly good broadband quality regarding speed in fixed and mobile broadband. Both internet access and access to high-speed mobile broadband are widespread. However, the city performs less well in internet bandwidth capacity and has few wi-Fi hotspots.

Helsinki offers affordable ICT for city dwellers, with low tariffs for fixed and mobile broadband as well as afford-able transit prices, reflecting a com-petitive ICT market. The high penetra-tion rates of new communication devices, low prices and the success of Finnish telecom service and equipment producers can be explained by the early liberalization of the Finnish telecom market.

#10 Tokyo

Tokyo, the capital of Japan, is the largest metropolitan area in the world. It hosts approximately 35 million people and is the world’s largest urban agglomeration economy.

Described as an alpha+ world city by the Globalization and world rankings research Institute, Tokyo is known as one of the three “command centers” for the world economy, along with New York City and London. Tokyo is a major international finance center and houses the headquarters of several of the world’s largest invest-ment banks and insurance companies. It also serves as a hub for Japan’s transportation, telecommunication, publishing and broadcasting industries. Although Japan is not fully recovered after the financial crisis in the late 1980s, Tokyo is one of the leading engines in Asia.

Tokyo ranks #10 in the Networked Society City Index and performs quite well in infrastructure and affordabil-ity. It does not perform equally well in the ICT usage – just above average. while the rate of mobile phones and personal computers is high, the penetration of more advanced technology such as smartphones and tablets is low compared to other cities with high ICT perfor-mance. The internet use in Tokyo is just above average relative to other cities in the index. At the same time, the city, and the country, have high internet access, high

fiber penetration and high broadband speed. Tokyo has a relatively good ICT infrastructure, but does not seem to use its potential to the same extent as many other cities. Japan has a very advanced and well-maintained infrastructure, which undergoes regular upgrading and expansion. The telecommunication system consists of private and public service providers, although the public company Nippon Telephone and Telegraph (NTT) is the largest provider, controlling about 95 percent of the fixed telephone lines.

Tokyo has a high score in the social dimension and performs very well in health, education and social inclusion. Infant mortality is low and the average life expectancy is very high. The unemployment rate is one of the

lowest. The educational attainment among the citizens is one of the highest. Japan has an aging society with a birth rate declining at the world’s fastest pace. The i-Japan Strategy 2015 has pointed out healthcare as one of the three priority areas in aiming to create a citizen-driven, reassuring and vibrant digital city to meet the challenges in the future. Telemedicine technologies and digital infrastructure are just an example of the measures to be taken to raise the efficiency of healthcare work.

The city scores well in the economic dimension. Tokyo has high productiv-ity and ranks high in competitiveness owing to high education level among the citizens and high application level for patents. The knowledge intensive-

ness in the economy is not as high as in many other top performing cities. Despite high productivity, the city has had modest economic growth. Increasing the efficiency of economy will be crucial in order to compete globally.

Tokyo is one of the best-performing cities in the environmental dimension. The CO2 emissions in the city are below average and especially low regarding the city’s economic perfor-mance. Both energy consumption

and waste per person are low. Compared to other cities, Tokyo’s pollution levels are very low. Tokyo’s good environmental performance can be partly explained by

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#9ICT

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#10


the smart city, created in its suburbs in partnership with Panasonic among others. The “eco-burb” will integrate Panasonic devices like solar panels, storage batteries and light bulbs based on LEDs (light-emitting diodes) along with air-conditioners, washing machines and floor heating that can communicate with each other to maximize energy efficiency. Tokyo city will also promote smart mobility solutions.

Tokyo performs just above average in the ICT usage. The city has high use of mobile phones and computers, but lower penetration for more advanced technologies such as smartphones and tablets. The internet use is not high compared to other cities that perform well in the index and social network penetration among the citizens is moderate. The use of electronic payments is not high compared to most cities.

while Tokyo scores well in fixed broadband quality, its result in mobile broadband speed is not on the same level. At the same time, the city has many wireless hotspots. The internet access and fiber penetration among the citizens are among the highest. Tokyo has a good ICT infrastructure but does not use its full potential to the same degree as many other top-performing cities.

The affordability in Tokyo is good and clearly not a critical aspect in the relatively low ICT usage compared to the good infrastructure. The fixed broadband prices are low, while the mobile phone tariffs seem a bit over-priced compared to many high-ranked cities. The IP transit prices are relatively high in comparison to other cities that perform well in ICT.

#11 Los Angeles

Los Angeles has 3.4 million inhabitants and it is the second largest city in the United States. The Greater Los Angeles Area has a population of 15 million. The city is situated in California in western USA and is known for its mild climate, large highways, celebrities, shopping and beautiful beaches. It has been recognized as one of the most ethnically-diverse cities in the country.

The city is an important economic hub in the United States, with strengths in everything from business, media and fashion to science and sports. However, it is perhaps best known for its entertainment industry in Hollywood that has long been a world icon in the creation of films, television productions, video games and recorded music.

The city has its own Information Technology Agency (ITA), responsible for planning, designing, implementing, operating and coordinating the city’s information

technology system and networks, and for the delivery of information processing and communication services.

Los Angeles ranks #11 in the Networked Society City Index. The city performs on an even and high level for each of usage, infrastructure and affordability. The infrastructure is relatively well developed when it comes to the fixed and mobile components, even though the broadband speeds and number of smartphones and subscriptions for mobile lag behind the better perform-ing cities. A good example of ICT solutions is an initia-tive started by Edge.LA – a hub for start-up companies, which offers various resources to increase the flow of technology and information among people.

Los Angeles performs below average in the social dimension of the index and the overall result is lowered due to relatively high rates of unemploy-ment and homicide. The city’s perfor-mance regarding health and educa-

tion is above average.

Los Angeles is known to score high in economic power in various global indexes and has a comparatively high GDP per capita. The economy is clearly a major strength of the city. However, the competiveness is not

higher than average.

Los Angeles is a city with high values for the use of resources, partly due to the extended urban sprawl. The consumption of energy is high and is almost exclusively based on fossil fuel. However, the city is among the

best for recycling waste. while Los Angeles has a low level of particulate matter in the air, the nitrogen dioxide emissions are high. The climate indicator with emissions of carbon dioxide leaves room for improvement.

Los Angeles is considered among the top 10 in ICT maturity and one of the key technology hubs in the USA. This is also displayed in the ICT usage where the city performs quite well.

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The performance in individual, market and technology usage is on a consistently even level, but as there are no exceptionally good results, the city could further enhance the usage on every level.

The ICT infrastructure in Los Angeles is well developed in terms of broad-band quality and both fiber and LTE have been implemented. However, internet access could be further improved. There is room for improve-ment in many infrastructure indicators.

The affordability of ICT in Los Angeles is undoubtedly competitive on a global scale. This is especially true for the low fixed broadband tariffs and IP transit prices.

#12 Miami

Miami has more than 400,000 inhabitants and the popu-lation of Miami Metropolitan Area is around 5.5 million, making it the eighth largest urban agglomeration in the US. In 2010, Miami was classified as an alpha world city by the world Cities Study Group. It is a leading player in finance, commerce, culture, media, entertainment arts, and international trade. It is also a major television production center and the most important city in the US for Spanish language media. Tourism is another impor-tant industry and the city attracts over 38 million visitors annually.

Miami ranks #12 in the Networked Society City Index and performs on an even and quite high level in each of the ICT dimensions of usage, infrastructure and afford-ability. The infrastructure is well developed in terms of the fixed and mobile parts, even though the broadband speeds and the number of smartphones and subscrip-tions for mobile lag behind the top-performing cities. However, projects are being developed to use the new possibilities. For example, Miami Children’s Hospital has recently launched a free iPhone application that uses wi-Fi positioning to help patients and their families navigate through the hospital.

Miami performs on an average level in the social dimension of the index. The city obtains relatively high values for health and education dimensions. regarding the inclusion dimension, Miami has the second highest homi-

cide rate and the third highest unemployment rate out of all cities in the study, which both affect the city’s performance negatively.

while Miami is considered a leader in economic terms, its performance in the economic dimension of the index is average. The city has quite high productivity as indicated by the GDP per capita, but when it comes to

economic competitiveness, Miami does not compare favorably to many other cities. This is mostly due to the post-secondary educational attainment, which holds the lowest value of all the cities from developed countries.

Miami is one of the least polluted cities in the study and has been ranked as one of the cleanest cities in the country in other studies. On the other hand, the city performs less well when it comes to recycling waste,

even though there is a city-wide recycling program in place, and the relative consumption of non-fossil fuels. The latter can lead to high emissions of carbon dioxide. To summarize, the city performs on an average level in this dimension and has room for improvement in its environmental awareness to counter these weaknesses.

Miami performs quite well when it comes to ICT usage. It has a consis-tent level for all of the individual, market and technology indicators, but as there are no exceptionally high levels, the target should be to en-hance the usage on all levels.

The ICT infrastructure in Miami is well developed when it comes to broad-band quality, and both fiber and LTE have been well established. However, the internet access could be further improved as the number of hotspots is quite small. Because the infrastructure is well devel-oped, the public needs to adjust to the new possibilities and utilize them on a wider scale.

The affordability of ICT in Miami is competitive on a global scale. This is especially true for fixed broadband and IP transit prices. There is, how-ever, room for improvement in the tariffs for mobile phones.

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#13 Seoul

Seoul, the capital and largest metropolitan area of South Korea, is a megacity that hosts a population of more than 10 million. The Seoul Capital Area is the world’s second largest metropolitan area with over 25.6 million people, home to over half of South Korea’s population.

Since the Korean war, Seoul has been the focus of immense reconstruction and modernization efforts. Today, Seoul is considered a leading and rapidly rising global city, resulting from an economic boom since the 1980s. with its Digital Media City, Seoul is the world leader in technology and boasts well-known multina-tional companies such as Samsung and LG.

Seoul ranks #13 in the Networked Society City Index and performs well in usage, infrastructure and afford-ability. The use of electronic payments is high among the citizens. Seoul has a very high internet access, high fiber penetration and a high broadband speed. South Korea has been ranked as number one in ITU’s ICT development index. “Smart Seoul 2015,” the Strategic Plan for Informatization of Seoul, is aiming to make Seoul the city that best applies smart technologies.

Seoul has a high score in the social dimension and performs well in health, education and social inclusion. Infant mortality is low and the average life expectancy is high. The unemploy-ment rate is low and the educational

attainment among the citizens is high. Seoul is one of the best-performing cities in the social dimension.

The city does not perform equally well in the economic dimension. Compared to many other well- per-forming cities, Seoul gets a relatively lower score in this dimension. while competitiveness is above average, its

productivity is below average. The citizens of Seoul have a high educational attainment and the number of patent applications is above average. The proportion of knowl-edge-intensive services is average compared to the other cities in the index.

Seoul’s performance in the environ-mental dimension is average. The CO2 emissions are low compared to the city’s economic performance. The low energy consumption can be explained by a smart metering

initiative. The Seoul government has introduced smart meters to reduce the city’s total energy use by 10 percent by recording the consumption of electricity, water and gas in homes, offices and in factories. However, the levels of pollution are above average and the total waste per capita is the highest among the cities. The very high recycling rate compensates for the high waste levels to some extent.

Seoul performs well in ICT usage. The rates of computer use and penetra-tion for more advanced technologies such as smartphones and tablets are high. The same is true for both internet use and the use of electronic payments. The city has a well-developed open data homepage.

Seoul performs well in both fixed broadband and mobile broadband quality. The international bandwidth capacity is not so high compared to the other top-performing cities. The internet access is almost 100 percent. The city has many wireless hotspots.

Compared to other well-performing cities with a similar income level, the fixed broadband and mobile phone tariffs in Seoul are not as low as expected. The IP transit prices are relatively high in the city.

#14 Taipei

Taipei is the capital of the island state Taiwan in south-east China. Located on the northern tip of Taiwan, the city has a population of about 2.6 million, while the metropolitan area has almost 7 million inhabitants. Taipei is the political, economic and cultural center of Taiwan. Considered a global city, Taipei is part of a major industrial area. The city is home to Taiwan’s democrati-cally elected national government.

As Taiwan’s largest metropolis, Taipei has been at the center of rapid economic development in the country and has now become one of the global cities in the production of high-tech products and its components. This is part of the so-called Taiwan Miracle, which refers to the dramatic industrialization and economic growth in the state since the 1960s. Together with Singapore, South Korea and Hong Kong, Taiwan has become known as one of the “Four Asian Tigers.”

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Taipei ranks #14 in the Networked Society City Index and performs quite well in infrastructure and affordabil-ity. Taipei does not perform equally well in ICT usage. while personal computer ownership is high, the pen-etration rate of more advanced technology such as smartphones and tablets is low compared to other cities with high ICT performance. The city has a high rate of internet access, very high fiber penetration and a high broadband speed. Taipei City Government has initiated a network city program to respond to the global digitalization trend. In 2012, 19.41 million visitors had browsed the home page of Taipei City Government’s global website and 1.95 million visitors had browsed “Taipei E-Services Online.” Citizens are now able to access government services 24 hours a day through convenient, easy-to-use, high-speed and obstacle-smart network access.

Taipei has a high score in the social dimension and performs well in health, education and social inclu-sion. The infant mortality rate is low and the average life expectancy is high. The unemployment rate is low

and the educational attainment among the citizens is high. Taipei is one of the best-performing cities in the social dimension.

The city does not score equally well in the economic dimension. Com-pared to many other well-performing cities in the index, Taipei obtains a relatively lower score. Both productiv-ity and competitiveness are around

average. Taipei does not have as many business start-ups and patent applications as other top-performing cities in the index. The education level and knowledge intensiveness in the economy are high.

Taipei performs well in the environ-mental dimension. The CO2 emis-sions in the city are below average and very low compared to the city’s economic performance. The energy consumption is low, as is waste per

capita. Taipei’s good performance is not only due to good results in the use of resources, and in the areas of

climate change and pollution, but also on a consistently good performance in all measured dimensions, while many other cities perform well either in climate change or pollution.

Taipei performs above average in ICT usage. The computer use is high, but the penetration for more advanced technologies such as smartphones and tablets is modest. while internet use is high, the citizens do not use electronic payments to the same extent as in many other cities. The city has a well-developed open data homepage. Another example of the government use of ICT is the launch of 16 smartphone applications, ranging from areas like city administration to transporta-tion, tourism, employment, education, environmental protection, disaster prevention and culture. The aim is to facilitate the access to, and use of, citizen services and government information through mobile technology.

Taipei performs well in both fixed broadband and mobile broadband quality, even though the international bandwidth capacity is not at the same level. The city has many wire-less hotspots. Taipei City has pro-vided a public wi-Fi access service since 2011. The internet access among the citizens is high and the fiber penetration is one of the highest.

The fixed broadband prices are low in the city, but the mobile phone tariffs are not low compared to many other high-ranked cities. The IP transit prices are relatively high compared to other cities that perform well in ICT.

#15 Sydney

Sydney is the most populous city in Australia and the capital of New South wales. The population of the greater metropolitan area is above 4.6 million and the residents comprise a cosmopolitan and international population. The city is a high-ranking world city for quality of life.

Sydney is a prosperous city and its residents enjoy the world’s second highest earnings (purchasing power parity) among world cities. The largest economic sectors in Sydney include property and business services, retail, manufacturing, and health and commu-nity services. Sydney provides approximately 25 percent of the country’s total GDP.

Sydney ranks #15 in the Networked Society City Index and does not perform at the expected level considering the size of its economy. The main drawback is its underdeveloped infrastructure when it comes to fixed broadband and the almost non-existing access to fiber

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Taipei

#14


broadband in particular. However, the National Broad-band Network is making efforts to increase fiber rollout across the Sydney metropolitan area. The IP transit prices across all networks are high compared to prices in similar cities in the index. At the same time, mobile broadband is well developed, with LTE for all three leading operators and mobile broadband speeds, which are the second fastest among all the included cities. The usage of mobile networks is quite good and electronic payments are frequently used. There are some new ICT initiatives spurring development such as the Electronic Medical record Programme and Electronic Medication Management Programme in health care.

As Sydney is considered to be a high-ranking world city for quality of life, it does not come as a surprise that the city performs well in the social dimension of the index. The city has good results for health and inclusion

dimensions. The educational dimension indicates a slight weakness due to modest secondary educational attain-ment, especially in relation to comparable cities.

The city performs on a slightly lower level in the economic dimension even though it is considered as the finan-cial and economic hub of Australia. while Sydney has a relatively high GDP per capita, it does not compare

favorably to the highest performing cities. The same is true for the indicator of economic competitiveness where the result is about average for business startups, employment in knowledge intensive services as well as in tertiary educational attainment.

Sydney mostly performs well in the environmental dimension. It is consid-ered one of the least polluted cities and it has a relatively low use of resources. However, there are areas in need of improvement as the city has

the highest carbon dioxide emission out of all the cities and the energy consumption is comparatively high.

ICT is important for Sydney considering that since the 1980s many jobs have moved from manufacturing to

the services and information sectors, which have benefited from well-devel-oped ICT. while on an individual level the ICT usage scores quite high for Sydney, on technology and market levels it is average. However, as there are no clear lows or highs for any of these indicators, there is room for further improvement.

The ICT infrastructure in Sydney can be divided in two parts with opposite performance levels. Mobile broad-band is well developed, with LTE technology for all three leading operators. However, the development of fixed broadband is not so advanced, with low fiber penetration. The access availability to ICT can be improved, as indicated by the low number of wi-Fi hotspots.

Sydney’s performance in the ICT affordability dimension is average. Both fixed and mobile cellular tariffs and the IP transit prices are high in relation to other well-developed cities in the index. Increased competitive-ness in the market could be one way to decrease the prices for ICT services in Sydney.

#16 Moscow

Moscow is the capital of russia and a major political, economic, cultural and scientific center. with a popula-tion of 11.9 million, it is the largest city in russia. Moscow is one of the most expensive cities of the world and has one of the largest municipal economies in Europe. It accounts for approximately 22 percent of russia’s GDP.

Moscow’s economy is highly diversified. It is the undis-puted financial center of russia and home to the country’s largest banks and companies, including the leading natural gas and oil companies. while remaining one of russia’s major industrial centers, it has started transferring some industries out of the city to improve its conditions.

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Moscow ranks #16 both in the Networked Society City Index and the TBL Index and its performance in many of the dimensions is average. Its score in the ICT index is mainly a result of the high score in ICT affordability.

Moscow scores relatively high in the social dimension due to the low unemployment rate. However, life expectancy is fairly low and more than 10 years lower for men than for women. Educational attainment could

be improved to increase Moscow’s result in the social dimension. Despite the low unemployment rate, the city’s result in social inclusion is affected by the homi-cide rate that is higher than in many other cities.

Moscow’s status as the economic center of russia could be better reflected in its performance in the economic dimension. while the GDP per capita is relatively high (much higher than the average in russia), its

score in several aspects of economic competitiveness such as business startups, patents and employment in knowledge-intensive services leaves room for improve-ment. Tertiary educational attainment is high.

Moscow is ranked #25 out of the 31 cities in the environmental dimension. The overall result is affected by low scores in recycled waste, high CO2 emissions and high fossil fuel energy consumption – areas that would benefit

from improved city management, increased awareness and changed behaviors, aided by smart ICT solutions.

Moscow scores around average in ICT usage, but has a moderate score in electronic payments. while Muscovites are in many aspects early adopters of new technology, in an international comparison there is a delay in devel-opment. This could be explained by income disparities and a diverse economic ability of the citizens.

Moscow scores around average in terms of ICT infrastructure. while the city’s fixed broadband speed is good, mobile broadband quality score does not reach the same level. The overall result is also affected by the modest score in fiber and high-speed mobile broadband penetra-tion. weak ICT infrastructure could have negative effects on the city’s competitiveness and role as a business center.

Moscow scores high in ICT affordabil-ity. Low fixed broadband and mobile phone tariffs together with low IP transit prices indicate that Muscovites have access to a competitive market with reasonable prices.

#17 São Paulo

São Paulo is the largest city in Brazil and has a popula-tion of about 11 million. The metropolitan area has a population of about 19 million. while São Paulo is not the capital of Brazil, it is the capital of Brazil’s most populous state. It exerts strong regional influence in commerce, finance, arts and entertainment. São Paulo is said to be among the 10 most expensive cities in the world.

São Paulo has the largest economy by GDP among Latin American cities. It is considered the financial capital of Brazil, as it is home to the headquarters of many major corporations and the country’s most renowned banks and financial institutions. Also, 63 percent of all the interna-tional companies with business in Brazil have their head offices in São Paulo. The São Paulo Stock Exchange is the largest stock exchange in Latin America. Although the city used to have a strong industrial character, its economy has followed the global trend of shifting to services.

São Paulo ranks #17 in the index. while its performance is average compared to other included cities, it should be noted that in comparison to other developing econo-mies, it is performing very well. In connection with the FIFA world Cup in 2014, the city mayor’s office has launched initiatives to improve ICT. For example, there are plans to install free wi-Fi access in 120 public spaces, including parks, squares, and public transit stations. São Paulo has seen rapid growth over the past decade, and while significant initiatives have been taken to spur the development, many of the challenges remain.

São Paulo performs below average in the social dimension. It has a high infant mortality rate, which indicates that it is facing challenges in reaching out with healthcare to all its citizens. Its educational system is facing similar

challenges and despite several efforts in the past de-cade, large disparities in the educational system remain.

The city performs less well in the economic dimension. with relatively modest GDP per capita and modest scores in economic competitiveness, the overall performance leaves room

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for improvement. However, the results are better for business startups, indicating potential for improvement.

São Paulo performs especially well in the environmental dimension. The overall result is supported by equally good performance in all environmen-tal aspects (climate, pollution and use of resources) of the index. São Paulo

has a high score in recycling waste and has relatively low energy consumption. However, like all economies that are moving up the value chain, the city needs to focus on energy consumption patterns and use of resources.

São Paulo scores around average in ICT usage. The results are consistent in all aspects of ICT usage and reflect both the economy’s and citizens’ ability to adopt new technology as well as the extension of ICT infra-structure and affordability.

São Paulo scores around average in the ICT infrastructure. while the city’s broadband quality is slightly below average, the access to ICT scores fairly well, especially for newer tech-nology such as high-speed mobile broadband and fiber. while the rather modest score on usage could be an indicator of economic inequality, a high score in high-speed broadband demonstrates good preconditions for future development.

São Paulo’s performance in the afford-ability dimension of the index does not compare favorably to other cities. while fixed broadband tariffs and transit prices are reasonable (around average in this study, but higher than in cities in developed countries), the result in ICT affordability is lowered by less competitive prices for mobile phone tariffs. However, the market is improving, because broadband services are now increasingly offered by both mobile phone operators and cable TV operators.

#18 Istanbul

while Istanbul is not the capital of Turkey, it is the country’s economic, cultural and historical center. Istanbul’s population is estimated at 13.9 million, which accounts for 18 percent of the country’s population and makes it the largest city in Turkey and one of the largest in Europe.

Istanbul is one of the fastest-growing metropolitan economies in the world. It hosts the headquarters of many companies and accounts for more than a quarter of Turkey’s GDP. Its GDP per capita and productivity are much greater than the national averages, owing in part

to the focus on high-value-added activities. Yet its low-value-added manufacturing sector is still substan-tial, and represents four-fifths of the city’s total exports.

As the only sea route between the oil-rich Black Sea and the Mediterranean, the Bosporus has shipping traffic three times that of the Suez Canal. Istanbul is an increasingly popular tourist destination and in 2012, it was the world’s fifth most-visited city.

Istanbul is ranked #18 in the Net-worked Society City Index. Many of its challenges are similar to those of developing countries rather than of other European countries. Istanbul has one of Europe’s fastest growing

populations causing both social and economic strains on the city.

Turkey’s ranking in several social areas does not compare favorably to other, especially European, cities included in the index. The low life expectancy and high infant mortality rate indicate that there is room for

improvement in healthcare. while the literacy rate is fairly high, Istanbul’s score in educational attainment is modest. The social rifts in Istanbul can be partly ex-plained by immigration from less prosperous parts of Turkey in search of employment and better living conditions.

The city scores below average in all economic aspects of the index. The GDP per capita is modest and the results in all aspects of economic competitiveness, especially for knowledge-intensive services, leave

room for improvement. The fast growth of Istanbul’s population affects the result of the economic dimension.

Istanbul scores relatively high in the environmental dimension. The good result is partly explained by the fact that Istanbul has many similarities to developing cities. It has low CO2 emissions and low energy con-sumption. In terms of further economic development, Istanbul needs to focus on tackling the negative envi-

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ronmental impact, resulting from a growing population, increased standards of living and challenges related to the use of resources. Smart ICT solutions in this area would help to improve the situation.

Istanbul scores around average in ICT usage. This performance is partly explained by the rather moderate score in the economic dimension and some citizens’ lack of economic ability to adopt new technologies and, consequently, services such as social networking and electronic payments.

Istanbul’s ICT infrastructure has room for improvement. It has a moderate score in broadband quality and a relatively low speed for both fixed and mobile broadband. The city has no extended fiber network, which affects the overall result. A strong ICT infrastructure is essential to increase the city’s competitiveness and efficiency in the public sector in order to meet the challenges mentioned above.

Istanbul performs above average in ICT affordability, with fairly low tariffs for both fixed broadband and mobile phones together with low IP transit prices. This indicates that it has a competitive market with affordable prices.

#19 Beijing

Beijing, the Chinese capital, is also the administrative, cultural and educational center of China. The city of Beijing, which is under direct control of the central govern-ment, has a population of about 20 million. Even though Shanghai is a larger city and the financial center of China, most of the largest state-owned companies have their headquarters in Beijing. Beijing has a reputation for hosting many innovative enterprises and small, but fast growing companies. The area of Zhongguancun, in the northwestern part of the city, is a center of electronics and computer related industries. The area of Yizhuang, in the southeast of the city, hosts a center in information technol-ogy. The two Chinese universities with the highest interna-tional reputation – Beijing University and Tsinghua Univer-sity – are situated in Beijing. One of the main challenges Beijing faces concerns the quality of air. Even though the government has recognized this and taken a number of actions, air pollution is still a major problem.

Beijing ranks #19 in the Networked Society City Index and it performs below average in usage, infrastructure and affordability. The city performs below average in the TBL index as well. Internet access and use of the internet are above average, but the infrastructure penetration of high-speed mobile and fixed broadband

leave room for improvement. The fixed broadband quality is about average and the mobile broadband speed is slow compared to the other cities in the index. However, the international bandwidth capacity is higher than in many other high-performing ICT cities. The mobile phone tariffs are low and the mobile phone penetration is about average.

Beijing performs above average in the social dimension. The infant mortality rate is low and the average life expectancy is above average. The rates of unemployment and homicide are low. The literacy rate is high, but

the educational attainment is below average.

The city scores below average in the economic dimension. Despite high economic growth over an extended period, the city’s performance in productivity does not compare favorably to the other cities in the

index. while the education level among the citizens is low, the proportion of employees in the knowledge-intensive service sector is high. The number of patent applications is below average, but higher than in many other top-performing cities.

Beijing performs below average in the environmental dimension. The CO2 emissions in the city are high and very high compared to the city’s economic performance. The energy consump-tion is above average and most of the

energy comes from fossil fuels. The pollution levels are above average. The total waste per person is lower than the average among the cities.

Beijing performs below average in ICT usage. Computer use is high, but the tablet penetration is modest. The penetration rate of mobile phones and smartphones is around average. Use of the internet is high, but the penetra-tion of social networking does not compare favorably to many other cities. The use of electronic payments and advanced open data resources are limited.

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The fixed broadband speed is higher in Beijing than in many other cities, but still below average. The mobile broadband speed is low. The interna-tional bandwidth capacity is higher in relation to many other cities that perform better in ICT infrastructure. Internet access is high, but the penetration of high-speed mobile broad-band and fiber broadband is modest. However, China Unicom has recently launched a new broadband connection scheme that will increase speeds and make 4Mbps the slowest connection in the city. The initiative will upgrade the broadband use for both individuals and businesses.

while the IP transit prices are rela-tively high and the fixed broadband tariffs are not equally affordable, the mobile phone tariffs are low in Beijing.

#20 Shanghai

The municipality of Shanghai is one of the four Chinese urban areas, which are under direct control of the central government. Shanghai has one of the highest living standards in China, and the highest life expec-tancy in mainland China. In the 2010 census, the population of the municipality was estimated at over 23 million, which makes Shanghai one of the largest cities in the world. The city’s population is also growing rapidly (by 35 percent between 2000 and 2010). The major part of this growth is due to immigration from rural areas and other urban areas in China.

The economy is growing fast, even by Chinese stan-dards. Except for the years during the financial crisis of 2008 and 2009, the city has experienced two-digit economic growth since 1992. The city has emerged as one of the world’s most important financial centers, and in 2009, the Shanghai stock exchange was the world’s third largest in terms of trading volumes. Shanghai hosts the world’s largest container port. Despite a very quick expansion of the metro system, the rapid growth in population and living standard is making traffic jams an increasing problem for Shanghai. The government has made an effort to tackle the problem by limiting the number of registration plates and thus the number of cars in traffic.

Shanghai ranks #20 in the Networked Society City Index and it performs below average in usage, infrastructure and affordability. The city performs below average in the TBL index. Internet access and use of the internet are above average, but the infrastructure penetration of high-speed mobile broadband leaves room for improve-ment. However, fiber penetration is better than in many other cities with high ICT performance. The fixed broadband quality is about average and the mobile broadband speed is slow compared to the other cities in the index. The use of electronic payments is low.

Shanghai’s performance in the social dimension is around average. while the infant mortality rate is below average, it is higher than in many other cities. The unemployment rate is low, but higher compared to Beijing. The literacy rate is

high, but the educational attainment is below average.

The city scores under average in the economic dimension. Despite the economic growth, the city performs below average in both productivity and economic competitiveness compared to the other cities in the

index. Tertiary education level among the citizens is modest and the knowledge intensiveness in the service economy is below average compared to the other cities.

Shanghai also performs below average in the environmental dimension. The CO2 emissions in the city are high compared to the city’s economic performance. Energy consumption is also high and most of the energy

comes from fossil fuels. The total waste per person is lower than the average among the cities, but the recycling rate is quite low. The pollution levels are above average. However, Shanghai has a well-developed website for accessing information about air quality. The aim is to spread knowl-edge about adverse health effects due to poor air quality.

Shanghai performs below average in ICT usage. Computer use is high, but tablet penetration is modest. Mobile phone and smartphone penetrations are below average. Use of the inter-net is around average and the pen-etration of social networking does not compare favor-ably to many other cities. The use of electronic payments is modest and advanced open data resources are limited. These results leave room for improvement.

The fixed broadband speed is higher in Shanghai than in many other cities, but still below average. Internet access is above average and the fiber broadband penetration is higher than

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in many other high-performing cities in ICT. The penetra-tion of high-speed mobile broadband and the mobile broadband speed are moderate. However, Shanghai is one of the densest cities when it comes to wireless hotspots.

The mobile phone tariffs are low, but the fixed broadband tariffs are not equally affordable. The IP transit prices are high.

#21 Buenos Aires

Buenos Aires is the capital and largest city of Argentina. while the city has 3 million inhabitants, the Greater Buenos Aires area constitutes the third-largest conurba-tion in Latin America, with a population of around 13 million. Buenos Aires’ quality of life is often ranked high and its per capita income is among the three highest in the region. Buenos Aires is the most visited city in South America.

Buenos Aires is the political, financial, industrial, com-mercial, and cultural hub of Argentina and its port is one of the busiest in South America. The economy in the city amounts to nearly a quarter of Argentina’s as a whole. The city’s service sector is diversified and well devel-oped by international standards, and accounts for 76 percent of its economy. The financial and real estate service sectors are the largest, and contribute to 31 percent of the city’s economy. Manufacturing is, never-theless, still prominent.

Buenos Aires is ranked #21 in the Networked Society City Index. Its scores in several indicators of the three ICT maturity dimensions leave room for development. The ranking for TBL is slightly higher (#20) due to a fairly good result in the social dimension.

Buenos Aires performs fairly well in the social dimension, with an espe-cially good result for education. The result of the health indicator is below average due to a relatively high infant mortality rate. while there has been

progress in the standard of living over the last decade, a large income gap between rich and poor remains.

The city performs less well in the economic dimension. while produc-tivity, measured through GDP per capita, is below average in the Networked Society City Index, Buenos Aires performs fairly well

compared to other cities in its region. regarding eco-nomic competitiveness, Buenos Aires performs on a moderate level in all aspects, except for tertiary educa-tional attainment.

Buenos Aires’ performance in the environmental dimension is moderate. The city performs fairly well when it comes to pollution, but the overall result is affected by a modest score concerning untreated water. Buenos

Aires has high CO2 emissions and high energy con-sumption from fossil fuels.

Buenos Aires scores below average in ICT usage. This is partly reflected in the rather modest score in the economic dimension and the citizens’ ability to adopt new technologies. The result is improved by a well-devel-oped open data source environment on city level.

The ICT infrastructure dimension in Buenos Aires leaves room for im-provement, as the city performs on a modest level in both fixed and mobile broadband, fiber and high-speed mobility broadband penetration. Two large companies dominate the broadband market in different parts of the city, which results in low competi-tion and lack of market pressure to spur improvements. An enhanced ICT infrastructure would probably improve the city’s competitiveness.

ICT affordability in Buenos Aires is mainly affected by quite high tariffs for mobile phones, while tariffs on fixed broadband and transit prices are around average.

#22 Johannesburg

Johannesburg has a population of 3.2 million and the metropolitan area has more than 7 million inhabitants, making it the largest city in South Africa. It does, how-ever, have a moderate population density since the city’s land area is large compared to many other cities. Johannesburg is the economic and financial hub of South Africa, producing 16 percent of the national GDP. Due to its location, it is the center of a large-scale gold and diamond trade. The city’s manufacturing industries

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#20

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#21

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#21

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#21

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#21

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#21

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#21


extend across a range of areas and there is still a reliance on heavy industries such as steel and cement plants. Other prominent industries include banking, IT, real estate as well as leisure and consumer retail market.

Johannesburg is the telecommunications hub of South Africa. The city hosts the headquarters of numerous local and international operations, and serves as the base for multinationals operating in the rest of the continent. The country has one of fastest growing GSM markets in the world. According to the Johannesburg 2030 Strategy, the city will actively promote further development in ICT sector.

Johannesburg ranks #22 in the Networked Society City Index, but the city performs better in ICT than in the TBL part of the index. The smartphone penetration rate is average compared to other cities, but computer usage is modest. The tariffs are high in relation to the income level. The fixed broadband speed and fixed broadband penetra-tion are low. On the other hand, the mobile broadband speed is above average and faster than in many other top-performing cities. All of the biggest operators in Johannesburg can offer high-speed mobile broadband.

Johannesburg’s performance in the social dimension does not compare favorably to most cities in the index. The infant mortality rate is high and life expectancy is low. The rates of unem-ployment and homicide are higher than

in the other cities. The literacy rate is around average, but the educational attainment is below average.

The city performs on a modest level in the economic dimension and the economic growth does not compare favorably to the other included cities. The education level among the citizens and the knowledge intensive-

ness in the economy are moderate. On the other hand, the number of business startups is quite high and the business environment is good compared to many other cities in the index.

Johannesburg performs below average in the environ-mental dimension. The CO2 emissions are high com-

pared to the city’s economic perfor-mance. However, the energy consumption is low and the pollution levels are below average and low compared to the city’s economic development. The total waste per

person is low, but so is the recycling rate. On the other hand, Pikitup, the waste management service of Johan-nesburg, has introduced a smart card system for customers at some of its landfill sites to speed up the process of waste dumping.

Johannesburg performs below average in ICT usage. Smartphone penetration is average, but computer use is modest. The high penetration of smartphones compared to other technologies can probably be ex-plained by the city’s infrastructure. Internet use and use of electronic payments are below average.

The fixed broadband speed and broadband penetration are low in Johannesburg. On the other hand, the mobile broadband speed is above average and all the three biggest operators offer high-speed mobile broadband. The reason behind the higher penetration rate of smartphones compared to computers is prob-ably due to the level of the infrastructure. The interna-tional broadband capacity is low.

The mobile phone tariffs are high in relation to the income level in the city, but despite the high tariffs there is still a high penetration of mobile phones and smartphones. The fixed broadband tariffs are also above average in relation to income levels and IP transit prices are rather high.

#23 Mexico City

Mexico City is Mexico’s largest city as well as its most important political, cultural, educational and financial center. with its 21 million residents, the metropolitan area of Mexico City is home to one-fifth of Mexico’s population. Three decades of explosive population growth from the 1960s through the 1980s transformed Mexico City into the third largest urban agglomeration in the world.

The estimated population of the city is around 9 million. In 2011, Mexico City was responsible for generating 21 percent of Mexico’s GDP, while the metropolitan area accounted for 34 percent. The city is one of the most important economic hubs in Latin America and has one of the world’s fastest-growing economies.

Mexico City ranks #23 in the Networked Society City

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#22

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#22

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Index. The city is experiencing a huge surge in demand for broadband internet services as a result of rapid growth and tremendous increase in the number of broadband internet subscribers.

Mexico City scores below average in the social dimension, with a low level of educational attainment and a high infant mortality rate. Despite the elimination of most shanty towns and slums, income inequality remains very

high. The city has large districts where slum-like charac-teristics such as high rates of poverty and crime are prevalent.

Despite its economic importance and growth rate, Mexico City’s perfor-mance in the economic dimension is modest. The GDP per capita does not compare favorably to many cities in the index. Mexico City has a moder-

ate score in business start-ups, patents and employ-ment in knowledge-intensive services. However, tertiary educational attainment scores higher than in several comparable cities in terms of development. while industries remain important for employment in Mexico City, services have increasingly dominated the city’s economic activity over the past two decades.

Mexico City performs fairly well in the environmental dimension. Dangerous levels of air pollution in the 1990s led officials to relocate a large part of heavy industry away from the city to reduce health risks. The overall result

is affected by insufficient wastewater treatment and, to some extent, non-recycled waste.

ICT usage in Mexico City is fairly modest concerning both individual usage and the use of technology. This could be a result of insufficient ICT infrastructure and modest economic standards for a part of the population. Mexico City lacks a well-developed open data source environment, which affects the overall score.

Broadband quality and speed are rather good compared to other similar cities. However, the overall perfor-mance in ICT infrastructure is affected by moderate scores in access, mainly fiber and internet penetration, despite recent efforts to expand fiber in the city.

Mexico City scores below average in the ICT affordability dimension. Despite rather high prices of mobile cellular in relation to income, the overall result is improved owing to transit prices. The citizens now find themselves in a rather competitive market after years of monopoly in the telecom market. After converting the Mexican telecom market from a state monopoly to a private monopoly in 1990, it took the Mexican govern-ment five years to establish regulations through the Telecommunications Act and only then were competi-tors allowed to enter the market. However, development has been moderate and improvements in market functions are needed.

#24 Manila

Manila, the capital of the Philippines, has a population of over 1.6 million and is the second largest city in the country. Together with 15 other cities, it makes up the National Capital region called Metro Manila, which has a population of 12 million. Manila is one of the most densely populated cities in the world.

Manila holds bustling commerce and some of the most historically and culturally significant iconic landmarks in the country, as well as governmental, scientific and educational institutions. with its well-protected harbor, the city serves as the country’s chief seaport. Diverse manufacturers produce industrial-related products such as chemicals, textiles, clothing and electronic goods. The food-processing industry is one of the most stable major manufacturing sectors in the city. Tourism is another of Manila’s most important sources of income and the city attracts over 1 million tourists each year.

Manila ranks #24 in the Networked Society City Index, but attains a comparatively higher ranking in the TBL index. Despite Manila’s global status, its ICT maturity is moderate and needs improvement in order to use the ICT capability to its full potential and better benefit businesses. The broadband speeds are below average, but in many cases higher than in other higher-ranking cities in ICT maturity. Internet penetration and its afford-ability are modest. while the penetration of computers in households is rather modest, the use of electronic payments is quite high compared to other cities with the same ICT maturity.

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#23ICT

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#23

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Manila’s performance in the social dimension leaves room for improve-ment. The infant mortality rate is above average and the life expectancy is below average. The rates of unemployment and homicide are below average. The

literacy rate and educational attainment are around average.

The city’s performance in the eco-nomic dimension is quite moderate despite the high economic growth rate. The GDP per capita is modest. The level of education among the citizens and knowledge-intensive

services in the economy are moderate. On the other hand, there are cities with higher economic performance where the education level is more modest.

Manila performs well in the environ-mental dimension, despite the fact that the pollution levels are below average. The CO2 emissions are low, even in relation to the city’s economic performance. while energy consump-

tion and total waste per capita are low, the overall result is affected by untreated wastewater.

Manila’s performance in ICT usage is rather modest. while mobile phone penetration is high, it is still below average, and the penetration of smartphones and computers does not compare favorably to the other cities in the index. The use of electronic payments is relatively high in the city in relation to the overall ICT maturity and the use of social networking is high. The government has taken advantage of that fact in the face of frequent flood waters in the city, and uses social networks to coordinate efforts and rescue missions. Many Filipinos have taken to Facebook and Twitter to post updates and supplement government and media information about the floods.

The fixed broadband speed in Manila is below average, but higher than in many other top- performing cities in ICT. The broadband penetration is modest and the mobile broadband

speeds are below average. However, they are higher than in many other well-developed cities. The city does not have many wireless hotspots and the international bandwidth capacity is low.

Manila has a moderate score in the affordability dimension of the index. Fixed broadband prices and mobile phone tariffs are high compared to the income level. Also, IP transit prices are high.

#25 Jakarta

Jakarta is the capital of Indonesia, the largest economy in Southeast Asia. Jakarta is the most populous city in the region. It is home to over 10 million people and during the day another 2 million people commute to the city for work. Greater Jakarta has been growing rapidly for some decades and is one of the largest urban agglomerations in the world, with a total population of 28 million.

Similar to other big cities, Jakarta is strained by traffic problems, with probably the worst traffic jams in South-east Asia, with resultant pollution. The city is a melting pot of cultures and religions as well as one of the most promising economies of the Asia-Pacific region. Its economy relies on financial services, trade and manu-facturing, while industries in Jakarta include electronics, automotive, chemicals, mechanical engineering and biomedical sciences manufacturing.

Jakarta ranks #25 in the Networked Society City Index. while the ICT sector is not yet a major economic sector, ICT services are growing. The demand for information, media and edutainment services is growing at an unprecedented pace in Indonesia and the country is emerging as a major global market.

Jakarta scores relatively high in the social dimension in relation to other developing economies, and about average compared to all included cities. However, the high infant mortality rate and low educational

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#24

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#25

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#25


attainment indicate great inequalities between the richest and the poorest. Land prices have reduced the amount of available land for low-income housing and a large part of Jakarta’s population live in slums and semi-legal settlements. The underdeveloped infrastruc-ture contributes to the situation where a large number of citizens have inadequate access to jobs, healthcare and education.

Jakarta’s GDP per capita is relatively modest and the city’s overall perfor-mance in the economic dimension is modest, too. However, Jakarta has been subject to development and economic growth during the last

decade and the economy is increasingly relying on financial services, trade, and manufacturing.

Transportation poses a growing challenge for Jakarta and influences the city’s environment. Jakarta’s overall environmental performance is affected by the results for air pollution and untreated wastewater. Jakarta

performs fairly well in the areas of waste, energy consumption and climate (CO2 emissions). These areas are often correlated to income and could become a future challenge without a proper infrastructure to manage a higher consumption rate and changing transport behaviors. However, the City Government of Jakarta won the Air Quality Management Champion Award from the Clean Air Initiative for Asian Cities for their introduction of compressed natural gas (CNG) buses in 2006.

A modest result in ICT usage is due to moderate economic development and a poorly-developed ICT infrastructure – areas that can affect the citizens’ ability to use and adopt new technol-ogy. Internet usage as well as public and market use are in the early stages of development. However, the overall result is positively affected by the high results in mobile phone subscriptions and smart-phone penetration compared to other cities with a similar ICT maturity. The number of internet users in Indonesia is expected to increase from 40 million in 2011 to 175 million by 2016. To meet this growth, Jakarta’s ICT maturity level should be further devel-oped.

Jakarta’s ICT infrastructure is in the early stages of development, and is dominated by 2G and 3G players. Having invested heavily, existing operators are keen to protect their market share without costly invest-ments.

The price levels are high in relation to income in Jakarta and internet access costs are fairly high. In order to

spur economic growth, the govern-ment in Indonesia should focus on regulating the telecom and broad-band markets to improve competi-tiveness and increase investments in ICT infrastructure.

#26 Delhi

Delhi metropolitan region includes New Delhi, the nation-al capital city of India. It is the largest city in the country in terms of area and its more than 22 million residents make it one of the most populous cities in the world. Modern Delhi is a cluster of a number of cities spread across the metropolitan region.

Delhi is also the largest commercial center in northern India, with a dominant service sector that contributes over 70 percent of the regional GDP. Key service indus-tries are information technology, telecommunications, hotels, banking, media and tourism. Construction, power, health and community services and real estate are also important to the city’s economy.

New Delhi is ranked #26 in the Networked Society City Index. The city has seen major infrastructural changes over the past few years, with increased foreign invest-ment and economic growth. Delhi’s infrastructure is attracting multinational corporations and corporate bodies from all over the world. Information technology, business process outsourcing and other ICT-based services are growing industries in Delhi and action is taken to ensure an expansion of educational services to increase the supply of ICT professionals.

Delhi scores relatively high in the social dimension of the index com-pared to other developing economies. However, Delhi has a fairly high infant mortality rate and life expectancy is below average. This suggests that a

part of the population has inadequate access to quality health care. Like many cities in the index, income inequality remains high in Delhi. A significant part of Delhi’s population live in shantytowns, with limited food supply and education.

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Delhi’s performance in the economic dimension is modest. The GDP per capita is moderate and so is the score in the area of economic competitive-ness. while Delhi is ranked third from the bottom in the areas of patents and

business startups, it has slightly better results for employment in knowledge-intensive services and tertiary educational attainment.

Delhi performs better in the environ-mental dimension, with good results for CO2 emissions, waste and energy consumption – areas that are often correlated to income and consump-tion behavior. However, the city is

facing great challenges regarding air pollution, caused by road dust and industry – issues that have become a major source of health concern.

A meager result in the ICT usage dimension could be explained by the modest economic development and poorly-developed ICT infrastructure, which affect the citizens’ ability to adopt new technologies. However, the Indian government has taken on a range of responsibili-ties, including ensuring the expansion of educational services to increase the supply of ICT specialists.

Delhi’s ICT infrastructure is in the early stages of development. The results are modest in both broadband quality and ICT access, with the exception of wi-Fi hotspots and high-speed mobile broadband, where the performance is slightly better. However, on a national level, investments in the expansion of the ICT infrastructure, especially the availability of high-speed links and international gate-ways with sufficient bandwidth, are prioritized.

Delhi performs fairly well in ICT afford-ability and the price levels are around average. Compared to other cities with developing economies, Delhi has quite low tariffs and transit prices, indicating that the telecom market is competitive.

#27 Cairo

Cairo, the capital of Egypt, has a population of 6.7 million and is the largest city in the Arab world and Africa. Cairo is the center of the region’s political life. It has long been a hub of education and is home to the world’s second-oldest institution of higher learning, al-Azhar University. Most of Egypt’s commerce is generated in the city, which also has the oldest and largest film and music industries in the Arab world. Many international media, businesses and organizations have located their regional headquarters in Cairo.

During the Arab Spring, social media was extensively used by protesters to organize themselves, which led to attempts by the government to eliminate the nation’s internet access. The Muslim Brotherhood, that held power for a short period, has also been accused for attempting to silence dissent and media freedoms.

Cairo is ranked #27 in the Networked Society City Index. In 1999, ICT was identified as a priority at the highest policy level and a new Cabinet ministry was established – the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (MCIT). Investments in ICT infrastructure have been made and the internet in Cairo is built upon a rather modern infrastructure, including broadband internet access via ADSL. However, the organization of the telecommunications industry is still relatively traditional, with one operator being the domi-nant player.

Cairo’s performance in the social dimension is modest. The gap be-tween the richest and the poorest in Cairo has increased due to an uneven development that has created an affluent class. A significant number

of Cairo’s citizens have poor, overcrowded housing and limited food supply. Inadequate access to clean water, good-quality health care and education is reflected in the index as well as in the city’s high infant mortality rate and low educational attainment.

The GDP per capita is modest in Cairo and the city’s performance in the economic dimension is rather moderate. Cairo performs poorly in the area of economic competitive-ness, mainly due to a small number of

business startups and patents. Employment in knowl-edge-intensive services and tertiary educational attain-ment score higher in relation to several other cities in developing economies.

Cairo performs better in the environ-mental dimension, with a low value for CO2 emissions and overall low energy consumption. However, the city has problems with air pollution and

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untreated wastewater – areas that would benefit from various ICT solutions.

Cairo’s meager performance in ICT usage could be a result of modest economic development and ICT infrastructure, which affect the citizens’ ability to adopt new technology. However, the individual use of internet and social networks are slightly higher than in compa-rable cities, as also seen during the Arab Spring protests.

Cairo performs well below average in all aspects of ICT infrastructure. The result leaves room for improvement in many areas. An improved ICT infra-structure could have positive effects on the city’s competitiveness and role as a center for development in Egypt.

Cairo performs fairly well in ICT affordability. Compared to other cities in developing economies, Cairo has low tariffs for mobile phones, which has probably affected the rather high penetration of mobile phones in the city. Tariffs for fixed broadband are lower than the aver-age, but high IP transit prices indicate that the telecom market has the potential to become more competitive.

#28 Mumbai

Mumbai, also known as Bombay, is situated on the west coast of India and is the capital of Maharashtra State. The metropolitan area has a population of approximately 20.5 million, which makes it the most populous city in India and the fourth most populous city in the world. Mumbai is also India’s wealthiest city and has the highest GDP of any city in South, west or Central Asia.

Mumbai generates 5 percent of India’s GDP and ac-counts for 25 percent of the industrial output, 70 percent of the maritime trade and 70 percent of capital transac-tions in India’s economy. It is home to important financial institutions and some of the country’s premier scientific institutes. Mumbai is also known for Bollywood, India’s Hindi film and television industry.

Mumbai is ranked #28 in the Networked Society City Index. Mumbai initially led the way in the country’s ICT industry, and despite fierce competition from another Indian city, Bangalore, Mumbai has created a niche in ICT. The Santa Cruz Electronic Export Processing Zone and the International InfoTech Park offer excellent facilities to ICT companies.

Mumbai has a very low life expectancy and one of the lowest educational attainments of the cities in the index. This suggests inadequate access to quality health care and education for a big part of its citizens. Like many

cities in the index, income inequality remains high and a significant number of Mumbai’s population live in poor conditions in slum areas.

The city’s performance in the eco-nomic dimension is rather modest. The GDP per capita is moderate and so are the scores in several aspects of economic competitiveness. However, compared to similar developing

economies, Mumbai performs well in employment in knowledge-intensive services. This demonstrates that Mumbai is the commercial and entertainment capital of India and one of the world’s top 10 centers of commerce in terms of global financial flow.

Mumbai scores relatively high in the environmental dimension. The city has low levels of CO2 emissions, waste, and energy consumption. However, it faces great challenges regarding air pollution, which is caused by increas-

ing traffic density and high concentration of pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide.

Mumbai’s meager result in ICT usage could be due to modest economic development and ICT infrastructure, which affect the citizens’ ability to adopt new technologies. However, the Indian government has taken on a range of responsibilities, including ensuring the expan-sion of educational services to increase the supply of IT specialists.

Mumbai’s ICT infrastructure is in the early stages of development. The results are meager in both broadband quality and ICT access. However, Mumbai has a fairly high result for internet bandwidth capacity and high-speed mobile broadband. On a national level, investments in rapid expansion of the IT infrastructure, especially the availability of high-speed links and interna-tional gateways with sufficient bandwidth, are prioritized.

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#27

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#28

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#27

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#28

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Mumbai’s performance in ICT afford-ability is similar to other comparable cities. Price levels are fairly high in relation to income.

#29 Lagos

Lagos is located in the southern part of Nigeria and with a population of 21 million in the metropolitan area it is now the largest city in Africa. Lagos is the second-fast-est growing city in Africa and is estimated to be the sixth-fastest growing city in the world during the next 10 years. Every day 2,000 people move to Lagos.

The city is a major port and the economic focal point of the country, generating about a quarter of Nigeria’s GDP. The commercial center is located on Lagos Island, hosting headquarters of banks, insurance and oil companies. while Lagos is one of the world’s largest cities, it has less developed infrastructure than other cities of similar size, which severely hampers its eco-nomic development.

Lagos is ranked #29 in the Networked Society City Index. The infrastructure of Nigeria is regarded as a major constraint facing business in the country. However, over the past 10 years, the country has experienced massive improvement in ICT infrastructure and has adopted a gradual approach to telecom sector reform through selective privatization and managed competition in different segments of the telecom market.

Even though Lagos has one of the highest standards of living compared to other cities in Nigeria, its perfor-mance in the social dimension is rather modest. Lagos has one of the highest infant mortality rates and life

expectancy is below 50 years. Considered the center of Nigeria’s modern economy, Lagos has many million-aires, but it is estimated that two thirds of the popula-tion live in slums. The rates of literacy and educational attainment are among the lowest. These results demon-strate the need for improved quality and availability of healthcare and education and reflect a large gap between the richest and the poorest.

Lagos’ performance in the economic dimension of the index is rather moderate, with modest GDP per capi-ta and a meager score for economic competitiveness. However, the fast-growing urbanization in Lagos is

also driving the economic growth and in terms of business start-ups, Lagos scores better than many similar cities.

The city’s performance in the environ-mental dimension of the index is modest. while it has fairly low levels of CO2 emissions, waste and energy consumption, its major constraints are the ever-increasing traffic and a

high concentration of pollutants such as sulphur diox-ide. Only a tenth of the city has a proper system of sewers. with a rapidly expanding population, a limited public transportation network and an economy centered largely on refining petrochemicals, Lagos is facing major challenges in improving the air quality.

while Lagos performs rather moder-ately in ICT usage, the result can be seen as positive regarding the country’s modest level of ICT infra-structure and meager results in terms of affordability. The results indicate a willingness to adapt new technologies and stay con-nected. There are examples of how youth have used social media as a tool to organize protests in the city. Lagos also performs well in public and market use in relation to other comparable cities.

The city’s ICT infrastructure is in the early stages of development, which affects all aspects of the dimension. The telephone network needs im-provements and there are problems connecting to land lines and between cellular phone networks. The same applies to the internet. The broadband quality is weak and even if Lagos to some extent offers non-mobile internet, wi-Fi is slow.

Price levels in relation to income in Lagos are among the highest in the index. The price levels are also affected by the available infrastruc-ture, which has not been updated and makes relative prices even higher.

#30 Karachi

Karachi is the former capital of Pakistan and the largest and most populous metropolitan area in the country. It is situated in the south of the country, along the coastline meeting the Arabian Sea. with an estimated population of 23.5 million and density of 6,000 people per square

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#29

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Lagos

#29


kilometer, Karachi is the third largest city in the world by population within city limits. Ethnically and religiously it is the most diverse city in Pakistan.

Karachi is the center of education, banking, industry, economic activity and trade, and hosts the largest corporations in the country. The GDP of Karachi is around 20 percent of the total national GDP. Karachi is rated as a beta world city according to the Globalization and world rankings research Institute.

Karachi is ranked #30 in the Networked Society City Index. In a few years the mobile phone density jumped from 6 to 57 percent in Pakistan and the country has become one of the fastest-growing mobile markets among the emerging telecom markets worldwide. Internet services are becoming an integral part of life in Karachi and other urban areas in Pakistan. Today, Karachi is the software-outsourcing hub of Pakistan. Call centers for foreign companies have been targeted as a significant area of growth, and the government is now making efforts to reduce taxes in order to gain foreign investments in the ICT sector.

Karachi’s performance in the social dimension is among the most modest in the index, followed only by Lagos and Dhaka. with the highest infant mortality rate, one of the lowest literacy and educational attainment

rates, its health care and educational systems are in urgent need of development. Karachi is also one of the cities with the highest homicide rates.

Karachi is the main port and financial center of Pakistan. However, due to a considerable gap between the richest and the poorest, its GDP per capita is among the lowest in the index. Karachi also performs modestly in

economic competitiveness. However, there are signs of improvement as the importance of ICT and related services is increasing in the economy and the city has a fast-growing free trade zone. The world Bank has identified Karachi as the most business-friendly city in Pakistan.

Karachi performs better in the envi-ronmental dimension of the index. The city has fairly low levels of CO2 emissions, waste and energy con-sumption. However, as a large indus-trial city with several large industrial

areas on its outskirts, Karachi is facing major challenges with ever- increasing road traffic. The combination of large industries and heavy traffic could lead to severe pollution problems if the situation is not improved.

A meager result in the ICT usage is due to modest economic develop-ment and ICT infrastructure – areas that affect citizens’ ability to use and adopt new technologies. However, compared to other cities with similar potential in the index, Karachi has a fairly high rate of mobile phone subscriptions and internet use. This reflects the positive development during recent years.

Karachi’s ICT infrastructure is in the early stages of development, charac-terized by the absence of most technologies and insufficient quality. However, Karachi performs well on mobile broadband quality and internet access compared to similar cities.

The price levels of ICT are high in rela-tion to income in Karachi, resulting in a fairly meager performance in ICT affordability. Price levels are affected by the available infrastructure, which is not updated, and makes the relative prices even higher.

#31 Dhaka

Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, has an estimated population of more than 15 million. The city is located in the Ganges Delta and is one of the world’s most densely populated and fastest-growing cities. Modern Dhaka is the seat of the Bangladeshi republic. Lately, there has been strong urban development with growth in the finance, banking, manufacturing, telecommunications and service sectors, but growth only reaches a small part of the population.

As Dhaka’s population grows, the city’s pressure on the environment is increasing. As an effect of climate change, sea level rise is expected to force millions of people in Bangladesh, now living along its coast, to seek drier ground, which will contribute to further population growth in an already crowded city. Dhaka needs to invest in urban development. A large “sustainable garden city” is planned on the outskirts of Dhaka to provide for expansion, without further degrading the already stressed environment.

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#30

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#30

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#30

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Karachi

#30


Dhaka is ranked #31 in the Networked Society City Index. Although it has the most developed urban infra-structure in the country, Dhaka suffers from urban problems of poverty, pollution and overpopulation due to increasing rural-to-urban migration in Bangladesh. Telecommunication services are underdeveloped and the city has one of the lowest rates of telephone ownership per 100 inhabitants in the world. More advanced ICT is almost absent in the city. Dhaka also scores lowest (#31) in the TBL dimensions.

Dhaka’s performance in the social dimension of the index does not compare favorably to other develop-ing economies. The healthcare system in Dhaka is not accessible to a large part of the population in slum areas.

As no healthcare facilities are provided in the slums, Dhaka’s poorest residents are left without healthcare. Of all cities in the index, Dhaka has the lowest rates of literacy and educational attainment.

The GDP per capita is less than 10 percent of the average and despite the fact that Dhaka is the major economic hub in Bangladesh and one of the two main financial and indus-trial centers of the country, the city’s

performance in the economic dimension is very modest. Dhaka has the most modest results in the index for both productivity and economic competitiveness.

Dhaka performs well in the environ-mental dimension of the index. The city’s low level of development leads to low levels of CO2 emissions, waste and energy consumption. Today, the result for air pollution in Dhaka is

below average. However, regarding the tremendous growth of the city population, environmental issues will be a future challenge for the city.

Dhaka’s meager result in ICT usage is due to modest economic develop-ment and ICT infrastructure – areas that affect citizens’ ability to use and adopt new technologies. Newer technologies such as smartphones and tablets are almost absent in the city, and both mobile phone subscriptions and internet use have a very modest score.

Dhaka’s ICT infrastructure is in the early stages of development, which explains the modest result in this dimension. Most technologies are absent and the quality is poor. How-ever, on a national level, ICT has been treated as a key issue to lift Bangladesh out of poverty. As most of the telephone service uses outdated ana-logue technology, the quality of telecommunication services is often poor and in need of upgrading. How-ever, with international assistance and increasing private investments, the city government is now modernizing its telecommunications infrastructure, introducing internet and e-mail services as well as expanding cellular mobile services.

The price levels are high in relation to income in Dhaka and the poor level of the infrastructure offered to subscribers.

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#31

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#31

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#31

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#31

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#31

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Ericsson AB

SE-126 25 Stockholm, Sweden

Telephone +46 10 719 00 00

Fax +46 8 18 40 85

www.ericsson.com © Ericsson AB 2013

Ericsson is shaping the future of mobile and broadband internet communications through its continuous technology leadership.

Providing innovative solutions in more than 180 countries, Ericsson is helping to create the most powerful communication companies in the world.

The content of this document is subject to revision without notice due to continued progress in methodology, design and manufacturing. Ericsson shall have no liability for any error or damage of any kind resulting from the use of this document


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