Needs for Real Time Process Monitoring for the Algal Biofuels Industry José Olivares Biofuels Program Lead Los Alamos National Laboratory Executive Director, NAABB Donald Danforth Plant Science Center Presentation to the Center for Process Analytical Chemistry, May 3, 2010 Meeting Slide 1 LA-UR 10-02848
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Needs for Real Time Process Monitoring for the Algal Biofuels Industry
José OlivaresBiofuels Program Lead
Los Alamos National Laboratory
Executive Director, NAABBDonald Danforth Plant Science Center
Presentation to the Center for Process Analytical Chemistry,May 3, 2010 Meeting
Slide 1
LA-UR 10-02848
Annual GHG Emissions – US Only(Tg CO2 equivalent, 2006)
Coal fueled electricity
Naturalgas fueled electricity
All other fossil fuels electricity
Gasoline automobiles
Gasoline light duty trucks
All other gasoline
Diesel medium and heavy trucks
Diesel rail
All otherdiesel
Jet fuel aircraft
Industrial NG combustion
Industrial petroleum
combustion
Industrial coal
combustion
ResidentialNG
combustion
CommercialNG combustion
Residentialpetroleum
combustion
Commercialpetroleumcombustion
Fossil fuel combustion in US Territories
CO2 from all sources except fossil fuel combustion
CH4 N2O
HFCs, PFCs, and SF6
U.S. 2008 Transportation Fuel StatsGasoline (cars & trucks)
EISA defines Cellulosic Biofuel as “renewable fuel derived from any cellulose, hemicellulose, or lignin that is derived from renewable biomass and that has lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions…that are at least 60 percent less than baseline lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions.” The EPA interprets this to include cellulosic-based diesel fuel.
EISA defines Advanced Biofuel as “renewable fuel, other than ethanol derived from corn starch, that has lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions…that are at least 50 percent lessthan baseline lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions.” This includes biomass-based diesel, cellulosic biofuels, and other advanced fuels such as sugarcane-based ethanol
Biomass Market Trends
5
A shift is occurring from an ethanol centric biofuels strategy to a more holistic use of biomass within the entire energy sector. • US market largely rejected E85; E10 can be achieved with corn-based ethanol; likely to see
approval of E15 maybe E20. • Renewed interest in Biopower.• Regional nature of biomass requires regional solutions and the economics demand optimizing
the choice between fuels/chemicals/power within the energy sector.
As energy companies have entered the biomass arena the use of infrastructure becomes increasingly important for production and distribution of higher energy density fuels and chemicals.• Liquid fuels for heavy trucking, rail and aviation remain even with plug-in hybrids.• Infrastructure is not set up for boutique fuels—need fungible diesel, jet and gasoline.
Algae is moving through a period of intense excitement • Science base is needed to temper the excitement while offering approaches to the challenges
offering unique approaches for aquatic and marine systems.
Serious questions on sustainability and CO2 mitigation have arisen. • DOE labs are in unique position to address questions and offer science-based solutions.
Aim: Use Current infrastructure to Produce and Transport Biofuels
6
Biomass Finished Fuels and Blendstocks
Existing Refinery Infrastructure
Atm
osph
eric
and
Vacu
um D
istil
latio
n GasL NaphthaH NaphthaLGOVGOAtm. Res.Vac. Res.
GasolineJet FuelDiesel Fuel
CrudeOil
Drop-In Fuels
InsertionPoint #1
InsertionPoint #3
InsertionPoint #2
Tank farmTermina
l
Reform
FCC
Alky/Poly
HT/HC
Coker
Refinery-Ready Intermediates
Refining: • 750 refineries• 85M BBL of crude refined daily
• 50M BBL transport fuels
Research Strategies
– National Renewable Energy Lab & Pacific Northwest National Lab–Albemarle Corp., Amyris Biotechnologies, Argonne National Laboratory, BP Products NA, CatchlightEnergy, Colorado School of Mines, Iowa State University, Los Alamos National Lab, Pall Corp., RTI International, Tesoro Companies, University of California, Davis, UOP, Virent Energy Systems, Washington State University
Biomass Attributes that Impact Cost and Performance