natura 2000 - European Commissionec.europa.eu/environment/nature/info/pubs/docs/nat2000... · 2015-11-11 · NATURA 2000 9 • JUNE 1999 3 the time of the adoption of the Directive)

ISSN 0000-0000

2000EUROPEAN COMMISSION DG XI’s NATURE NEWSLETTER Issue 9 • June 1999

naturaISSN 1026-6151

The NATURA 2000 Newsletteris produced by the NatureConservation Unit of theEnvironment Directorate

General (DG XI.D.2) of theEuropean Commission.

LOOKING TOWARDSTHE EAST

Because the Habitats and BirdsDirectives only apply to theMember States there is a part ofEurope today that is not implicatedin the Natura 2000 network. But isthis reason enough to be ignoringthe natural values of Central andEastern Europe?

At first sight, nature conservationdoes not appear to be anenvironmental priority in thosecandidate countries that wish to jointhe European Union. Air pollution,soil and water contamination as wellas the risk of nuclear accidents aremuch more immediate and importantconcerns here, especially as theseproblems ignore frontiers. By actingpositively in the candidate countries,one can reduce global pollution inEurope much more rapidly and oftenat little extra cost.

Yet, there are two good reasons forshowing an interest already now insites that could be included in anextended Natura 2000 network,covering Central and Eastern Europe.Firstly, because it is always cheaper toprevent than to cure. In other words, itis best to avoid the disappearance ofareas of high natural value inheritedfrom the old political system before theeconomic turn around takes its toll.Secondly, because the Union has to becoherent. How can it co-finance in 2001or 2002 an infrastructure that woulddestroy a natural area destined to beincluded, in 2003 or 2004, in aCommunity network?

So, it is indeed today that oneshould be preparing to extend Natura2000 towards the East … and that is justwhat is happening (see pages 2–3).

PS: The success of this newsletter hasincited us to translate it in Spanish andItalian as well, and more surprises are instore for the next issue.

CONTENTS

IN FOCUSExtending

Natura 2000 eastwards A review of the main issuesunder discussion regarding

the adaptation of theHabitats and Birds

Directivespages 2–3

ON SITEThe Azores’ seabirds:

knowing more of themto do more for themWork funded under LIFEhelps pave the way forseabird recovery in the

Azorespages 4–5

NATURA BAROMETER Latest update of

the barometer as of30 April 1999

page 6

NEWS ROUND UP Latest events and

publications summarisedpages 7–8

Retezat National Park, Carpathian mountains, Romania. Photo: Paul Goriup/Pisces Nature Photos.

2 NATURA 2000 9 • JUNE 1999

IN FOCUS

Extending Natura 2000 eastwards

For some time now, the Community has been indialogue with several European countries with aview to membership of the European Union.Formal discussions in the Environmental sectorbegan in January 1999, with a screening exerciseto find out just how far the Candidate Countries(CCs) have got with the adoption andimplementation of EU law, and to identify anypotential problems.

Conservation status is already quite high inmost candidate countries. Each has a network ofprotected areas which means there is, in effect, asystem that achieves at least some of the objectivesof the Birds and Habitats Directives. This is furtherassisted by recent efforts on the part of most CCsto set up the Emerald network, under the auspicesof the Council of Europe’s Bern Convention.

Nevertheless, enlarging the EU may still meanhaving to adapt the existing Communityconservation legislation to take into account newhabitat types, new species, and possibly even threenew biogeographical regions – the Pannonic,Steppic and Black Sea (map). The question is howwill these issues be specifically addressed in thecontext of the Habitats and Birds Directives. Letus look at some of the key questions.

“Can habitats and species be added tothe existing Annexes of the Directives?”The simple answer is “yes” provided certainconditions are met – one of the most importantbeing that a proposed new habitat or speciesshould be of Community Interest according tothe criteria laid down in the Habitats Directive.There may, for example, be a species or habitatthreatened in a CC. However, if it has a favourablestatus outside the Community, and it does notdepend on the Community e.g. during migration,then the EU has no special responsibility for itspreservation. Such a habitat or species is not ofCommunity interest, and would not be a suitablecandidate for inclusion in Annex I or II of theHabitats Directive or Annex I of the Birds Directive.

Useful starting points are the Bern Conventionlists for species and the EUNIS classification systemfor habitats1. Priority will be given to habitats andspecies not already present in the EU. Speciesand habitat types already in the EU will have beenevaluated in previous negotiations and are unlikelyto be added now.

There is also a need to be pragmatic in thisapproach as the addition of hundreds or eventens of habitats and species would greatly increasethe workload and could potentially compromisethe effective establishment of the Natura 2000network. Only species and habitats that will clearlybenefit from EU protection should therefore beincluded.

Souslik, Spermophilus citellus. Photo: Dr Zsolt Kalotás

LIST OF CANDIDATE COUNTRIES(with ISO Codes)

Bulgaria (BG) Cyprus (CY)Czech Republic (CZ) Estonia (EE)Hungary (HU) Latvia (LV)Lithuania (LT) Poland (PL)Romania (RO) Slovakia (SK)Slovenia (SI)

Danube Delta, Romania. Photo: Paul Goriup/Pisces Nature Photos

NATURA 2000 9 • JUNE 1999 3

the time of the adoption of the Directive) for thevarious steps leading up to the establishment ofthe Community list of SCIs, but the deadlines willhave passed. The national list for CCs shouldtherefore be ready by the date of accession.However, the subsequent steps can only take placeafter accession. This means that it will be necessaryto have special biogeographical seminars for thenew Member States, followed by revision of theCommunity list.

The CCs will be invited as observers to attendthe appropriate biogeographical seminars duringthe pre-accession period, so that they may beginto understand the system, and contribute towardsdevelopment of the reference lists. However, theintegration of their proposed SCIs will have towait until after accession.

ConclusionsThese are just some of the questions under debate.Discussions will continue, both in formalnegotiations and in informal seminars, studygroups etc., in order to overcome these problemsbefore the date of accession. Assistance will alsobe given to the CCs to enable them to build theirspecies and habitats inventories and to draw uptheir site lists on time. In the meantime, the CCscan decide to join LIFE-Nature to help financeurgent practical conservation measures for habitatsand species already listed in EU legislation orcovered by the Emerald network.

1. European habitats classification system under development at theEuropean Topic Centre for Nature Conservation, Paris.

“A species is protected in the EU but notthreatened in a Candidate Country. Willthe CC also have to protect it?”Members of the EU are obliged to offer protectionto all naturally occurring wild bird species and tohabitats and species listed in Annexes I and II ofthe Habitats Directive. Some species may howeverbe exempted from this general rule. This may beon a geographical basis: annex II/2 of the BirdsDirective, for example, lists birds which may behunted on a country by country basis. Annex Vof the Habitats Directive lists other species, suchas brown bears and wolves, which may also behunted, but only in certain parts of the Community.These are the so-called geographicalrestrictions. Alternatively, a Member State hasthe right, under certain circumstances, to grant aspecific waiver from the protection of a speciesor habitat under Article 9 of the Birds Directiveand Article 16 of the Habitats Directive. This is aderogation.

When an exemption is justif iable onconservation grounds, which option –geographical restriction or derogation – should apotential new Member State then choose? Thereare arguments both ways.

A restriction requires the agreement of allMember States, as it would necessitateamendments to the Directive, and could have legalimplications for them. A derogation, on the otherhand, has no effect on the other Member States,and can be given without reference to them bythe Member State concerned. However, thederogation must be justifiable on the basis of anumber of strict criteria. These include, forexample, protection of (other) flora and fauna,livestock and public health and safety.Furthermore, the granting of a derogation requirestwo-yearly reporting to the Commission, and thelatter is required then to give its opinion on thederogation.

Whichever route is chosen, proposals must besupported by full scientific justification. Theexistence of a hunting tradition will not in itselfbe convincing; solid evidence that the species cansustain itself despite hunting must be provided.For large predators, clear evidence that theypresent a danger to people or livestock is alsoessential.

“Will new Member States have atransitional period for setting up theircontribution to Natura 2000?”The key step under the Birds Directive is theclassification of Special Protection Areas, which isthe direct responsibility of the Member States. Inprinciple, the list of classified sites should beavailable no later than the date of accession.

Under the Habitats Directive, the Member Stateswere required, as a first step, to submit a nationallist of proposed Sites of Community Interest(pSCIs). A timetable was laid down in 1992 (at

Biogeographic Regions

SteppicPannonianBlack SeaBorealContinentalAtlanticAlpineMacaronesiaMediterranean

The Habitats Directive’s biogeographical regions are under review as part ofthe enlargement process.

4 NATURA 2000 9 • JUNE 1999

ON SITE

The Azores’ seabirds:knowing more of them to do more for them

else though, visitors to the islands are struck bytheir seabird communities, which represent anornithological transition between the tropics andtemperate zones and include internationallysignificant populations of six species listed underAnnex I of the Birds Directive. Two of these areglobally threatened: the roseate tern (Sternadougalli) and Fea’s petrel (Pterodroma feae).

More science for more managementBecause almost nothing was known about thesepopulations, an international project on roseate andcommon terns, co-financed by ACE-Biotopes (theforerunner to LIFE), looked at the main threats andproblems. Its studies were used to prepare the firstAzorean SPA designations, in 1990: fifteen SPAs,including thirteen designed mainly for marine birds.

In order to manage these SPAs effectively,further work was required and in 1994 theDepartment of Oceanography and Fisheries of theUniversity of Azores, the regional nature authorityand an NGO successfully applied for a LIFE-Natureproject. Running from 1995 to 1998, this project,which received technical help from RSPB andGlasgow University in the UK, had a two-prongedstrategy. First of all, the scientific information fromwhich management prescriptions could be distilledto maintain and improve marine bird populations,needed to be broadened. Then, once formulated,these measures had to be implemented, and toensure their lasting success, a favourable social andpolitical environment had to be created.

The first stage of the LIFE project brought a lotof new information to light:• Habitat selection studies showed that the principal

seabird colonies were composed of severaldifferent species, among whom competition fornesting sites was fierce. This lowered theirbreeding success. A curious interaction betweenbirds and rabbits was also discovered. Many ofthe rare seabirds nest in rock crevices or burrows.When rabbits (an introduced species!) occur, theygraze the vegetation, causing severe soil erosionwhich makes it difficult for the birds to excavateburrows, and by removing the plant cover, makingthe available nesting sites more conspicuous andtherefore more vulnerable to predation.

• Alternative nesting areas were inadequate dueto the presence of predators, exotic vegetationwith dense roots and human disturbance.

• A new technique was developed whichpermitted a thorough and accurate census ofthe Cory’s shearwater population in the Azores.

• New, previously unknown breeding sites werefound for the little shearwater (more than 50new sites!), Manx shearwater and Madeiran

Born from the ocean floor: the Azores’unique heritageFifty million years ago a plume of magma from theEarth’s mantle punched a hole in the crust at theexact spot where the European, North Americanand African plates meet. It has gone on eruptinglava since, forcing these plates apart and creating anew ocean f loor. Lava has even piled up highenough to rise above the sea as the nine islandsand 26 islets making up the Azores, Europe’swesternmost outpost, almost 2,000 km fromPortugal in mid-Atlantic.

The Azores have a forbidding topographymarked by rocky coastlines with boulder shoresand cliffs up to 500 m tall. However, theirsubtropical and oceanic climate and theconsiderable enrichment of the usually low-productive Atlantic waters as a result of upwellinghere, turn this archipelago into a rich ecosystemwith 26 habitat types listed in Annex I of theHabitats Directive, 7 of which are priority, and anarray of Annex II plant species. More than anything

4

5

67

8

10

9

Santa Maria

TerceiraGraciosa

Pico

Faial

12 3

São Miguel

São Jorge

Flores

Corvo

0 50 100

km

Map of the Azores archipelago showing the main seabird islets.

1 Lagedo2 Gadelha3 Alagoa complex and

Baixa do Moínho4 Praia5 Baixo and Gaivota6 Topo7 Cabras and Mós8 Vila Franca9 Vila10 Lagoínhas

Ponta do Marco, Ilha do Corvo. Photo: Luis Monteiro ImagDOP

NATURA 2000 9 • JUNE 1999 5

There was positive feedback from the localpopulation, as witnessed by the municipalities ofPraia and Santa Cruz da Graciosa which provideda boat, a vehicle and drivers to support the project’sfield work.

AssessmentThis LIFE project is a classic example of theimportance of acquiring a sound knowledge basefrom which to formulate accurate and informedmanagement prescriptions. It ensured thecontinuity of its work by training up teams whichhave carried on annual monitoring of the marinebirds and their habitats through an agreementbetween the University of Azores and the regionaladministration. The scientific information itgathered is currently being used to revise theAzores SPA classification.

The project also succeeded in bringing togetherdifferent bodies around a single cause. Thispartnership was vital in getting the managementprescriptions carried out. Moreover, the partnerskept cooperating after the end of the project, notonly through the wardening and monitoring teams,but also in the shape of a new, shared project formanaging coastal and marine zones, co-financedby LIFE-Nature. One of this new project’s objectivesis to promote sustainable tourism based on theAzores’ rich birdlife.

What of the birds, though? The recovery ofroseate tern colonies depends on habitatimprovement, which takes time. Nevertheless, byproject end in 1998 two of the four coloniestargeted had already grown in size. At a fifth sitethe roseate tern had stopped breeding in 1993,but in 1997, the common terns, which had alsodisappeared, re-colonised this site and have beenexpanding since, reflecting the improvement in thenesting conditions. As roseate terns rarely nest inisolation, usually associating with other speciessuch as the common tern, expectations aretherefore high for their return to this site. NextApril perhaps ... ?

For further informationon the projectLuís Monteiro,Dep. de Oceanografia ePescas da Universidadedos Açores,9900 Horta,Portugal.Tel: 351-92-292988,fax: 351-92-292659,e-mail: [email protected]

storm petrel (6 new sites). Fortunately, theselay in areas of very difficult accessibility, freefrom human disturbance and rabbits.

• Studies of two of the newly-discoveredMadeiran storm petrel colonies indicated thatthese populations should best be treated as twodistinct species. The scientific community iscurrently debating their status.

Field work for roseate ternsThe regional authorities reacted positively to thiswork, stepping up their collaboration from 1996onwards in vital areas like habitat recoverymeasures and surveillance. Restoration of theroseate tern breeding habitat was a priority, as allthe known colonies were declining rapidly, dueboth to human disturbance during the breedingseason as to the reduction of the vegetation coverby rabbit grazing. LIFE translated the newly-acquired knowledge into direct measures such assurveillance, controlling access, eradicatingintroduced rabbits and predators, constructing andplacing artificial nests and managing thevegetation. Eradicating introduced mammals wasa delicate matter, but fortunately the beneficiarywas able to profit from the prior experience ofanother LIFE project, in the Ilhas Desertas (MadeiraArchipelago), which eliminated introduced rodentsand goats from an island to protect the endemicflora there. Consequently, eradication progressedrapidly and was completed in October 97, whichclearly shows the importance of networkingbetween projects.

The human factorTo avoid disturbance, SPA surveillance was a must.Unfortunately, the administrative proceduresneeded to hire wardens turned out to be anunexpected difficulty, so that it proved impossibleto build up a permanent surveillance team coveringall the SPAs by the time the project ended.However, it did at least succeed in wardening theSPAs most prone to human pressure. Onepermanent surveillance job, funded by the regionaladministration, has already been created. Thisproblem may be solved with the approval of newlegislation regulating wardening as a profession,expected for next year.

The project also carried out a generallysuccessful awareness campaign asking people notto trespass on nesting sites, to stop illegal huntingof the birds (which fortunately only happenssporadically), to help it keep down rabbit numbersand to join its rescue campaign for young birdsdisoriented by town lights. Information panels wereerected to steer visitors away from sensitive sites.Mainly targeting younger people, as an effectivecampaign directed at them is probably a betterguarantee of a good level of awareness in the nearfuture, the project nevertheless also devoted someattention to their elders, traditionally less receptivetowards conservation problems.

Roseate tern,Sterna dougallii.Photo:Paulo MagalhaesImagDOP

6 NATURA 2000 9 • JUNE 1999

NATURA BAROMETER(as of 30/4/99)

België/Belgique

Danmark

Deutschland

Ellas

España

France

Ireland

Italia

Luxembourg

Nederland

Österreich

Portugal

Suomi

Sverige

United Kingdom

0

➙➙

➙➙

MemberState

Birds DirectiveSPA Classification

Habitats DirectiveProposed SCIs (stage 1)

Numberof SPAs

Total area(km2)

Progress Sitemaps

Total area(km2)

65

Nationallist

Numberof sites

proposed

EUR 15

AreaMaps

Information Natura2000forms

73

36

439

301

194

36

111

552

52

174

114

109

202

13

30

11,931

27,500

4,313

9,601

14,653

4,965

33,582

8,015

2,226

9,472

160

3,522

3,323

22,820

7,850

163,933

113

194

2,480

102

781

230

684

1,380

1,919

333

76

49,304

9,450

47,113

46,300

16,885

12,150

913

9,784

25,745

74,907

7,078

332,0402,436

10,259

(1)814

103

20,830

970

9,312

(2) (2)

38 352

(2)(2)

(1) Data for some sites missing(2) This figure is an estimateNotes: Several Member States have designated significant parts of their coastal waters. Certain sites have been, totally or partially,proposed under both Directives. Only sites that have been formally and definitively proposed are taken into account in the Naturabarometer. Some Member States have however also transmitted provisional lists of sites; these are given in brackets.

Keys: 0 no or insignificant classification 0 list insignificant or not transmitted 0 no transmission

classification notably insufficient partial but insufficient national list incomplete information orpartial transmission

classification incomplete substantial national list but complete for transmitted sitesinformation still incomplete

classification complete complete national list according to Member computerised and coherentState, information transmitted is coherent for transmitted sites

significant progress since last Natura barometer

For further information contact: Micheal O’Briain, DG XI.D.2 for SPA classification and Fotios Papoulias, DG XI.D.2 for proposed SCIs.

➙➙➙➙ ➙

NATURA 2000 9 • JUNE 1999 7

NEWS ROUND UP

The Natura Barometer:commentary on progressProgress has been somewhatslower over this last period:• Germany and France have

increased their national lists ofpSCIs by 179 sites (+1,080km²)and 162 sites (+5,630km²)respectively, although thequality of transmitted data isvariable. Spain has submitted96 sites for 4 autonomousregions, covering a total areaof around 5,000 km². Irelandcontinues to submit partiallists of sites on a regular basis,having added another 55 sites(+428 km²) to its national list.

• Luxembourg has suppliedcomplete data and maps for itsnational list of pSCIs.

The European Court finds infavour of protecting the SeineestuaryOn the 18 March 1999, theEuropean Court of Justice ruled(case C-166/97) that France hadfailed to comply with certainobligations under the BirdsDirective by not classifying asufficiently large area of the Seineestuary as a Special ProtectionArea (SPA) and not adopting themeasures required to give theSPA that was classified sufficientlegal protection. It did not,however, uphold theCommission’s complaint that theconstruction of a titanogypsumfactory was in one of the mostimportant areas for birds. Theruling also helps to support theCommission’s previous decisionin 1998 concerning the co-financing of a large portdevelopment scheme underobjective 2 of the StructuralFunds. This co-financing wasmade conditional upon therebeing sufficient effectiveprotection of the Estuary.

The LIFE Week“ Put LIFE into your environment”will be the first meeting of allLIFE beneficiaries ever organised.It will be held in Brussels from20 to 23 October 1999. The

event, also known as “the LIFEWeek” will include a conference,an exhibition, a poster area andmeeting areas. Its main objectivesare to disseminate the results ofLIFE projects and to raiseawareness on the potential ofLIFE. If you are or have been aLIFE, ACE or ACNAT beneficiary,make sure that you spare sometime to attend this historicalevent. For further informationcontact Stergios Varvaroussis,DG XI Information andCommunication Unit.Fax + 322 296 9560 or [email protected]

Implementing the HabitatsDirective in marine andcoastal areasThe Habitats Directive providesnew opportunities for natureconservation in marine andcoastal areas, but the complexcharacter of this environmentpresents particular challenges forits sustainable use. Thesechallenges were discussed at aseminar in Morecambe Bay, UK(see issue 4 of this newsletter). Aselection of the presentations andthe guidelines, agreed at theseminar, were also recentlypublished in a DG XI technicalreport. Copies available fromIsabelle Venti DG XI.D.2

Combining commercialforestry and natureconservation in FinlandForestry is big business in Finland– as much for individuallandowners as for the largeforestry companies. When thestakes are this high, it isn’t easy tofind ways for nature conservationand forest exploitation to operateside by side. Help may be at handthough, thanks to an innovativeFinnish LIFE-Nature project onwestern taiga. The beneficiary, theForestry Development Centre inTapio, has drawn up a series ofnature management plans forwestern taiga pSCI sites. Donewith the help of forest and natureprofessionals, these plans have thefull backing of private landowners.The Centre has now published a setof guidelines on how to elaboratesuch nature plans based on theirexperience, illustrating this with areal life example from the project.The publication is only in Finnishbut for further information contactTimo Soininen (in English), ForestryDevelopment Centre of Tapio,Soidinkuja 4, Fin-00700 Helsinki,fax +358 9 156 2232,e-mail [email protected]

Seminar on saproxylic insectsin hollow treesThe beneficiary of the LIFEfunded project on the Hermitbeetle, Osmoderma eremita, inSweden (see issue 6 of thisnewsletter) is organising asymposium from 3–5 August onthe above subject. The aim is togather people from all overEurope to exchange informationand experiences. The symposiumis open to academics, fieldworkers, government agenciesand all others who have aninterest in this subject. Theseminar will be in English withsome facilities for French andGerman. Applications to be sent toKjell Antonsson, the ProvincialGovernment of Östergötland,S- 581 86 Linköping, Swedenfax + 46 131 96333 attendancefee is 300SEK.

8 NATURA 2000 9 • JUNE 1999

NEWS ROUND UP continued

NATURA 2000 NEWSLETTEREditors: Bertrand Delpeuch (DG XI.D.2), Kerstin Sundseth (Ecosystems LTD., Brussels)

The following contributed to this issue: Brian Marchant, Anton Gazenbeek, Ana Guimaraes,Michael O’Briain, Fotios Papoulias, Olivier Diana, Angelo Salsi, Concha Olmeda, MarcThauront, Oliviero Spinelli.

This newsletter is produced three times a year and is available in English, French, German,Spanish and Italian. To be included in the mailing list, send your name and address to DGXI.D.2, TRMF 02/04, European Commission, 200 Rue de la Loi, B-1049, Brussels. Fax: +322 2969556. Alternatively you can consult DG XI’s homepage: http://europa.eu.int/en/comm/dg11/nature/home.htm where you will find this newsletter and other documents relating to theEU’s nature conservation policy.

The Natura 2000 newsletter does notnecessarily reflect the official views of theEuropean Commission. Reproduction isauthorised, except for commercial purposes,provided the source is acknowledged.

Printed on Cyclus®Print 115gr/m2 100%recycled paper.

Design: Nature Conservation Bureau, UK.

OFFICE FOR OFFICIAL PUBLICATIONSOF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES

L-2985 Luxembourg

Developing a national strategyfor mires in FranceFrance has a particularly highdiversity of mire types but, aselsewhere in Europe, many of thesehave been lost or damaged over theyears. In 1995, ‘Espaces Naturels deFrance’ launched an ambitiousmires project with the support ofthe French Ministry of Environment.Part of the process was to analyse150 experiments on peatlandmanagement undertaken in recentyears in France. The results arepresented in a new handbook onfen and bog restoration. It describesthe principal management andmonitoring tools applied and uses22 case studies to illustrate thepractical complexities of dealingwith such habitat types. “La GestionConservatoire des Tourbières deFrance” can be ordered from:Espaces Naturels de France, 16, ruedu Boeuf Saint-Paterne F-45000Orléans, Price: 100 FRF Fax +33238 81 06 55 [email protected]

14CR-AA-99-002-EN-C

A similar publication has beenproduced under a second FrenchLIFE Nature project, this timefocusing on mires in the Midi-Pyrenees. The report providesdetailed information on thedistribution, conservation value andthreats of close to 400 sites in theregion. Practical conservationmeasures are described as well asexisting legal and financialmechanisms. “Les tourbières de Midi-Pyrénées. Comment les conserver?”can be ordered from EspacesNaturels de Midi-Pyrenees, 75 voiedu Toec, F-31076 Toulouse price 210FRF. Fax +33 5 61 15 29 70,[email protected]

Restoring bogs damaged byforestry in ScotlandThe Flow country in Scotlandharbours the single largest expanseof blanket bog in Europe (around400,000 ha). In the mid 80s, intensecommercial forestry damagedsignificant tracks of this priorityhabitat type. Now, as the trees arestarting to mature, the extent of thedamage on the bog is becomingevident – as is the low economicvalue of forests themselves. In 1994,the Royal Society for the Protectionof Birds launched a project underLIFE Nature, to experiment withdifferent restoration techniques ondrained and afforested bogs. Theresults are presented in a newreport which provides practicaladvice on a variety of restorationmethods used and gives up-to-dateinformation on the capital costsassociated with undertaking suchwork. “Identification andrestoration of damaged blanket bog”can be ordered from Martin Davies,RSPB +44 1767 683211

Internet sitesFollowing on from the last issue,here is a second selection of web-sites on LIFE-Nature projects:

• Restoration and management ofBuda Island, Spainhttp://www.gencat.es/mediamb/buda/island.htm (in Spanish andEnglish)

• Preservation of arctic fox inSweden and Finland:http://www.zoologi.su.se/research/alopex/sefalo.htm(in Swedish and English)

• Merenkurkku Archipelago, Finlandhttp://www.vyh.fi/lsu/life.htm(in Finnish, with English summary)

• Saima ringed Seals in Finlandhttp://www.vyh.fi/tutkimus/yhthanke/life/pihla/pihlai1.htm(in Finnish)

• Marine SACs project in UKhttp://www.english-nature.org.uk/uk-marine/index.htm (in English)

• Conservation of the NorthAtlantic Turtles, Portugalhttp://www.uma.pt/tartaruga/(in Portuguese)

Projecto de Apoio à Conservação da TartarugaMarinha Caretta caretta no Atlântico Norte

Universidade da Madeira

Projecto financiado a75% pelo ProgramaComunitário LifeNatureza

Do you prefer to read thispage in English?

As tartarugas marinhas no Atlântico Norte

Chave de identificação

O que fazer quando encontrar uma tartaruga

Página Principal O Projecto A equipa Patrocinadores Actualidades

Literatura �Links� T-shirts Legislação

Secçâo de Biologia Marinha eOceangrafia da Universidade da

Madeira

Copyright © 1997SBMO

Esta página é mantida por Carla Freitas(cfreitas@dragoeìro.uma.pt)

Última modificação:12.03.1999