8/10/2019 NATO OPLAN Overview from 09-10
1/36
Tackling Security Challenges -An overview of ISAFs Mission
8/10/2019 NATO OPLAN Overview from 09-10
2/36
Tackling Security ChallengesTackling Security Challenges
an overview on ISAFs Missionan overview on ISAFs Mission
thth
Brigadier General BERGER (FRANCE)
72
NATO International Security Assistance Force
Overall Classification of Briefing: UNCLASSIFIED
8/10/2019 NATO OPLAN Overview from 09-10
3/36
ISAF Cam ai n PlanISAF Cam ai n Plan
Brigadier General BERGER (FRANCE)
73
NATO International Security Assistance Force
Overall Classification of Briefing: UNCLASSIFIED
8/10/2019 NATO OPLAN Overview from 09-10
4/36
Purpose & Agenda
Purpose: Provide information on ISAFs Campaign Plan.
Agenda:
Assessment Situation
Campaign Design
Concept of Operations
Risks
Key Takeaways
Way Ahead
Discussion
74
8/10/2019 NATO OPLAN Overview from 09-10
5/36
Strategic Assessment
Situation is serious and the conflict is complex
Resilient and growing insurgency
Lack of confidence by population stemming from weak Government of
Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (GIRoA) institutions, corruption, lack of
economic opportunity and insufficient physical protection.
Mission can succeed but requires a fundamentally new approach
Operational culture of ISAF: focus Counter-insurgency (COIN) on winning
support of the people.
Stronger security partnership: accelerate Afghan National Security Forces
(ANSF) and partner at all levels.
Responsive and accountable governance: an equal priority with security.
Internal ISAF organizational changes: Unity of Command, Unity of Effort.
75
Time is critical. ISAF must be properly resourced to gain and
maintain the initiative while ANSF capacity and capability is built.
8/10/2019 NATO OPLAN Overview from 09-10
6/36
PathwaytoCampaignPlan&Requirements
Objectives1
NATO
The GIRoA is able to
exercise effectively its
securit res onsibilitiesss on
Conduct military operations to
assist GIRoA in maintaining
across the country
ANSF have become
self sufficient and are
e ea : a an e nsurgencyno ongerposesanexistentialthreattoGIRoA
InsurgencyreducedtoalevelwithinGIRoAcapacity
GIRoA/ANSFcapableofprotecting,
extension of government
authority and the facilitation of
reconstruction and development
a ng e ea n
security operations
Opposing militantforces no longer pose
NATO SecGen
tasking toConduct Assessment3
sovereigntyfrominsurgentthreat
Plan to Implement
NATO StrategyCOMISAF
Overall
Assessment
Of Situation
a threat to stability
Assessment Population-centriccounterinsurgencycampaign
Grow and Develop ANSF
Situation is serious
Resilient Insurgency
Crisis of Confidenceamong Afghans and
Resource
Requirement
AnalysisNotes:
NATO, Com rehensive Strate ic Political
76
Improve Unity of Effortand Command
Mission still achievable
Military Plan for Afghanistan, 20 April 2009
Al lied Joint Force Command Brunssum,
Operational Plan for ISAF (OPLAN 30302
Revision 4), 9 April 2009
SACEUR, Memorandum to JFC-B, 1 July 2009
8/10/2019 NATO OPLAN Overview from 09-10
7/36
MilitaryAssessmentofSituation
KineticEvents
700
800
900
1000
Winter Poppy
Harvest WinterRamadan
PoppyHarvest
Ramadan Poppy
HarvestWinter Ramadan
700
800
900
1000
Winter Poppy
Harvest WinterRamadan
PoppyHarvest
Ramadan Poppy
HarvestWinter Ramadan
200
300
400
500
200
300
400
500
01Jan
05
30
Sep
05
0
100
J
an07
F
eb07
M
ar07
A
pr07
M
ay07
J
un07
Jul07
Aug07
S
ep07
O
ct07
N
ov07
D
ec07
J
an08
F
eb08
M
ar08
A
pr08
M
ay08
J
un08
Jul08
Aug08
S
ep08
O
ct08
N
ov08
D
ec08
J
an09
F
eb09
M
ar09
A
pr09
M
ay09
J
un09
Jul09
Aug09
S
ep09
IDF DF IED SA FIRE
0
100
J
an07
F
eb07
M
ar07
A
pr07
M
ay07
J
un07
Jul07
Aug07
S
ep07
O
ct07
N
ov07
D
ec07
J
an08
F
eb08
M
ar08
A
pr08
M
ay08
J
un08
Jul08
Aug08
S
ep08
O
ct08
N
ov08
D
ec08
J
an09
F
eb09
M
ar09
A
pr09
M
ay09
J
un09
Jul09
Aug09
S
ep09
IDF DF IED SA FIRE 01 Jan 07 30 Se 07
Kineticeventsareincreasingatasharprate;up300%since2007and60%since2008.
Talibaninfluenceexpanding;contestingandcontrollingadditionalareas.
TalibanProvincialShadowGovernors: 2005 11of34; 2007 28of34; 2009 33of34.
01Jan09 30Sep09
20052005 20062006 20072007 20082008 20092009
77
11 Total11 Total 20 Total20 Total 28 Total28 Total 31 Total31 Total 33 Total33 Total
8/10/2019 NATO OPLAN Overview from 09-10
8/36
ISAF Command Arrangements
- -
COMNTM-A/ CSTC-A
RC(N)
209 Corps
RC(N)
209 Corps209 Corps
RC(W)
207 Corps
RC(W)
207 Corps
RC(C)
CapitalDivision
RC(C)
CapitalDivision
RC(E)
201 Corps
ANSANSNMCCANSANSNMCC
RC(S)
205 Corps
RC(S)
205 Corps
orps
CompositionRC(N): 1 CO, 5 PRTs; 2 ANA BDEs
RC(W): 2 BNs, 4 PRTs; 2 ANA BDEs
RC(S): 4 BDEs(+), 4 PRTs; 4 ANA BDEsStrength
78
RC(E): 5 BDEs(-), 12 PRTs; 6 ANA BDEs
RC(C): 3 BNs; 2 ANA BNs
RCs are NATO OPCON to IJC
ISAF / Coalition: ~107,000
ANA: ~100.131 Operational: 63.724
ANP: ~96.377 Operational: 89.030
8/10/2019 NATO OPLAN Overview from 09-10
9/36
Mission Statement
ISAF, in partnership with GIRoA, conducts
population-centric counterinsurgency operations,enables an expanded and effective ANSF and
supports improved governance and development in
order to protect the Afghan people and provide asecure environment for sustainable stability.
79
8/10/2019 NATO OPLAN Overview from 09-10
10/36
COMISAFIntent
Purpose
AssistGIRoAindefeatingtheinsurgency
ProtecttheAfghanpopulationandseparateinsurgentinfluence
Gainpopularsupportforthegovernment
Allowsustainable
progress
and
promote
legitimacy
Preventthereturnoftransnationalterroristsandeliminatepotentialsafehavens
Method
Conducttheoperationinthreestages:A)GaintheInitiative;B)AchieveStrategic
Consolidation;and
C)
Sustain
Security.
Gaintheinitiativeandstopinsurgentmomentuminthenext1218months
EstablishclosercooperationwiththeInternationalCommunity
AchieveimprovedintegrationandCIVMILoperationalcohesion
EndstateInsurgencydefeatedtowithinGIRoAscapacity
Legitimategovernanceextendstolocallevels
80
SocioeconomicprogramsbenefitthemajorityofAfghanpeople
GIRoA,withISAFsupport,iscapableofassumingtheleadforsecurity
8/10/2019 NATO OPLAN Overview from 09-10
11/36
8/10/2019 NATO OPLAN Overview from 09-10
12/36
TO
OT
CampaignStrategy
ProtectthePopulation.
PrioritizeeffortinhighdensitypopulationareaswhereinsurgentgroupsoperateprimarilywithdisaffectedPashtunpopulations.Reduceciviliancasualties.
EnableAfghan
National
Security
Forces.
Accelerateandexpandindigenoussecurityforcecapacityandcapability.Partnerateveryechelon.
Neutralizemaligninfluence.
Identifyand
report
corruption;
forge
responsible
and
accountable
governance.
Supportextensionofgovernance.
Gainactivesupportofthepopulationbyempoweringlegitimatesubnationalleaderswitheffectivepopulationsecuritymeasures.
Supportsocioeconomicdevelopment.
Gainactivesupportofthepopulationbycreatingsecurityconditionsthatprovidespacefor . .
82
8/10/2019 NATO OPLAN Overview from 09-10
13/36
TO
OT
Gain the InitiativeAchieve Strategic
Sustain Securit
OPLAN38302Rev4OperationalDesign
onso a on
Stage A Stage B Stage C
PROTECT
0 1 2 3
Secu
rity
the Po ulation
ENABLE
the ANSF
3 4
5
6
ability
NEUTRALIZE
Mali n Influence
SUPPORT
Extension of Governance 11 12
7 8 9 10
St
SUPPORT
Socio-Economic Develo ment
1 PROTECT the Population 2 ENABLE the ANSF
3 NEUTRALIZE Malign
Influence 4 SUPPORT Governance 5 SUPPORT Development
13 1514
Partnered populationsecurity measures stabilize
designated areas
Accelerated ANSF growthplan complete; sustainment
ongoing
Malign actors aremarginalized, population
views GIRoA as legitimate
Legitimate, responsive, andaccountable governance is
extended to the population
Focused communitydevelopment bolsters
popular support for GIRoA
1. Support for ISAF mission
solidified
5. ANSF demonstrates basic
capability
7. Effective IO campaign
implemented
11. Afghan population
recognizes GIRoA as a
13. Essential services provided
to key areas
83
.
effective in key areas
3. Key areas stabilized
4. INS suppressed to anacceptable level
. - .
culturally acceptable level
9. Effective border control
established
10. Narco-INS-Criminal nexus
and confluence of Narco-GIRoA
corruption suppressed
,
acceptable government
12. Effective rule of law in place
.
requirements met
15. Sustainable, functioning
economy established
83
8/10/2019 NATO OPLAN Overview from 09-10
14/36
TO
OT
ConceptofOperations
Economyofforce.Containtheinsurgencyincontestedareas;
expand governanceand
.
eve opmen e or s.
SupportingEffort.Generatepoliticalacceptancefor
governanceanddevelopmentcommensuratewithsecurity.
Shaping
Effort.Deny
insurgent
freedomof
movement;
improve
bordersecurityandpreparefordecisiveoperations.
84
threatenedbytheinsurgency;separateinsurgentsfrompopulationincontestedareas;establishcampaign
credibility
and
resolve.
Key Population Centers
Main Effort
Supporting EffortShaping Effort
Economy of Force
Key Population Centers
Main Effort
Supporting EffortShaping Effort
Economy of Force
8/10/2019 NATO OPLAN Overview from 09-10
15/36
TO
OT
ComprehensiveApproach
Central
AsiaIndia
China
Iran
Increase Regional Stability
Enhance Cooperation
y
Expanding Stabili ty
e
Reduce Safehavens
Reduce threats to stability
u rus
lStra
te
2014
hip
Acc
ounta
Afg
han
leaders
respo
nsive
tothe
peoples
eds
Afghan populationgains trust and
confidence leadingto su ort for
e eat ae a
Defeat Insurgency
Increase abi l i t y
t o govern anddevelopR
egion
Nation
alLead
e
IRoAMinis
tries
vernance
GIRoAcapac i ty
Sub-n
ational
CivilS
ociety
ational
ity
Nation
al
Politic
al
Effort
Security Zones Intcommpar
tnersto
builds
ecurity
govern
ance
and
develo
pment
apacity
85
2009
8/10/2019 NATO OPLAN Overview from 09-10
16/36
StruggleforthePopulation
Most
Threatened
Po ulation
Areas Essential Securit Influence(Present) (2014)
PreventGIRoAdevelopmentandinfluence
Limitpopulationabilitytochoose
Createtimeandspace
Enablepopulationopportunitytochoose
Nationalthru
local
governance
improved
Securityinkeypopulationcenters
Securityconnectedbetweenregions
emen so nsurgen n uence
Shadowgovernance
Populationintimidatedand/orcoerced
InsurgentshaveFreedomofMovement
8686
Majorinfrastructureprojectsongoing
Economiccorridor
sustainable
r en y ree omo ovemen m e
Infrastructuredevelopmentdisrupted
Economiccapacity
truncated
8/10/2019 NATO OPLAN Overview from 09-10
17/36
ISAF Focus District Overview
Total: 80
Annual Growth Projections:
2009 252010 45 (20 more)
2011 70 (25 more)
more
2013 80
2014 80
Selection Criteria:
Density of population
Threatened Population
Nature of threat
Infrastructure Governance capacity
Economic potential
Relationship to adjacent
87
population centers
Relationship to national /
regional economic corridors
The districts in the area outside of the identified focus districts have varyingdegrees of threat and security. It is possible that security, governance and
development activities take place. However, weight of effort and prioritzationshould orient on the focus districts.
8/10/2019 NATO OPLAN Overview from 09-10
18/36
Risks
GIRoA:
Failure to provide accountable, legitimate and responsive governance.
ANSF:
Lack of capacity due to poor recruiting, retention and high attrition.
Failure to develop operationally effective COIN forces.
International Community:
Failure to effectively unify governance and development efforts.
Lack of flexibility to reconfigure and create strategic effects.
NATO and Troop Contributing Nations:
Inability / unwillingness to conduct effective ISAF COIN campaign.
88
- .
8/10/2019 NATO OPLAN Overview from 09-10
19/36
Key Takeaways
Analysis indicatesAnalysis indicates::
.
Expansion of the insurgency is outpacing GIRoAs capacity to contain it.
regain the initiative.
Feasible ANSF growth alone cannot contain the insurgency before 2012/2013.
Risk increases over time if force levels are insufficient
Insufficient force levels dont accomplish the mission slower....
the dont accom lish the mission at all.
Additional Coalition Forces are required between 2009-2011 to gain momentum,
buy time for ANSF generation, and overmatch the insurgency.
89
8/10/2019 NATO OPLAN Overview from 09-10
20/36
Why does Pakistan matter?
KIRUZB
CHINA
1100kmHQN
HIG
ALQ
TLB
90A
Airport of debarkation
ISAF supplies 30%S
8/10/2019 NATO OPLAN Overview from 09-10
21/36
Pakistan Social divides
91
8/10/2019 NATO OPLAN Overview from 09-10
22/36
Relationship with Afghanistan
HIG
HQN
2009
TLB
92
8/10/2019 NATO OPLAN Overview from 09-10
23/36
Importance of Pakistan
Triple crisis:
Political instability
Economic crisis
n genous a an movemen
Pakistan = key terrain to sustain fight vs. AQ
sanc uar es
Ambivalent attitude
a s an ong erm n eres n g an s an
93
8/10/2019 NATO OPLAN Overview from 09-10
24/36
TO
OT
Conclusion 1/2
Major issues to consider:
before the conditions are suitable;2) Constrained timeline (18 months to demonstrate
.
1) 30 000 US force flow plus 7 000 from other NATO Nations;
2 Growin the ANSF instruction and trainin
3) Intensification of cooperating with Pakistan;
4) International Community (IC) commitment (44 Nations ).
94NATO UNCLASSIFIED
8/10/2019 NATO OPLAN Overview from 09-10
25/36
TO
OT
Conclusion 2/2
Sense of the commitment of the IC in Afghanistan:
1) Support the Afghan people (ISAF);2 War a ainst the Insur ents;
3) Prevent Afghanistan becoming a safe heaven and
a support base for Al-Qaeda.
e are a so n to ga n our own secur ty
95NATO UNCLASSIFIED
8/10/2019 NATO OPLAN Overview from 09-10
26/36
DiscussionDiscussion
96
8/10/2019 NATO OPLAN Overview from 09-10
27/36
NATO/ISAF UNCLASSIED
ISAF
INTERNATIONAL SECURITY ASSISTANCE FORCE
AFGHANISTAN RECONSTRUCTION SUMMITAn overview of ISAF Mission
NATO/ISAF UNCLASSIFIED 97
s an u
20 January 2010Col. ITA A Mario LUPPA
8/10/2019 NATO OPLAN Overview from 09-10
28/36
NATO/ISAF UNCLASSIED
ISAF Mission
ISAF, in partnership with Government of,
enables an expands an effective Afghan
National Security Forces and supportsimproved governance and development in
order to protect the Afghan people and
prov e a secure env ronmen or sus a na estability.
NATO/ISAF UNCLASSIFIED 98
8/10/2019 NATO OPLAN Overview from 09-10
29/36
NATO/ISAF UNCLASSIED
ComprehensiveApproach
Central
AsiaIndia
China
Iran
Increase Regional Stability
Enhance Cooperation
y
Expanding Stabili ty
e
Reduce Safehavens
Reduce threats to stability
u rus
lStra
te
hip
Acco
unta
Afgh
an
leaders
respo
nsive
tothe
peoples
eds
Afghan populationgains trust and
confidence leadingto support for
e eat ae a
Defeat Insurgency
Increase abi l i t y
t o govern anddevelopR
egion
Nation
alLead
e
IRoAMin
istries
vernance
GIRoAcapac i ty
Sub-n
ational
CivilS
ociety
ational
ity
Nation
al
Politic
al
Effort
Int
comm
partnersto
builds
ecurity
govern
ance
and
develo
pment
apacity
NATO/ISAF UNCLASSIFIED 99
8/10/2019 NATO OPLAN Overview from 09-10
30/36
NATO/ISAF UNCLASSIED
Where Stability Fits
COMISAF Integrated with HQ Staff tosynchronize stability into
Engaging partners & influencing
their stability decisions supporting
CIVILIAN MILITARY
secur y p ann nge ampa gn an
DCOS STAB
Dep DCOS Stab
GIRoA
UNAMA & UN
Plans and Policy
Dir Dev Dir Gov
International
Community:
a
,
Aid Agencies
NATO/ISAF UNCLASSIFIED 100
OPERATIONAL COMMANDS
8/10/2019 NATO OPLAN Overview from 09-10
31/36
NATO/ISAF UNCLASSIED
Essential Elements of ProgressNEARTERM
MID
TERM LONGTERM
OBJECTIVES GOALS
ENDSTATE
anGIRoAresponsive
and
Improvement
inGIRoA
Partnershipwith
Afghan
population
Afghanistanrecognizedas
ghan
isaccountable
topopulation
competence
andcapacity
respons veaccountable
GIRoA
leaders
StrategicInternational
supports
GIRoA
Significant
cre eregional
partner
ta
bleA
DEVELOPMENT
Ministriesplanandallocate
donorfunding
pr or za onofobjectives
Quickimpactcommunity
focus
unityofeffort
Denationalizedonor
contributions
Sustainableeconomic
growthanddevelopment
ncrease nprivatesector
investment
Increasein
GDP
feand
Momentum
ofinsurgency
Afghanistan
isnotasafeSECURITY
GIRoAhas
sufficient
security
ANSFcapacityand
capabilityexpanded
GIRoAhas
effective
controlof
S
capacity
partnership
territory
y
NATO/ISAF UNCLASSIFIED 101
Capacit
2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019
NATO/ISAF UNCLASSIED
8/10/2019 NATO OPLAN Overview from 09-10
32/36
NATO/ISAF UNCLASSIED
Natural Resources
Gas
Coal
Asbestos
Lithium
Salt
Lapis lazuli
Emerald
Plaster
Peat
Mines/ResourcesChilkonsar,
Samti GoldNatural Gas
Copper- East, West & Southern Provinces est.240 M metric tonsGold- Badakshan & Panj River Valley ca 25 metric tons
Iron Ore-Ha i ak Bam an Province est.60 billon metric tons
OilIron
Copper
GoldMercury
Pewter
Sary-Sang,
Lapiz lazulimine
w/coal nearby
Gemstones- Emerald, Ruby, Sapphire, Lapis Lazuli
(80%illegalexport India/Pak) Hajigak
Panshir valley,
Emerald minesJangalikan-Gas
Jumar- Gas
Kashkari-oil
Petroleum- Afghan-Tajik Basin 1.5 B Barrels of crude
Natural Gas- Amu Darya Basin 400 B Cubic meters of NG
560 Mbbl Liquid Natural Gas AynakJegdalek,
Ruby Mine
ron re
& Coal
Cotton
Textile
Chemical Sites
SteelPower station
Power station
Industrial Sites
Zarkashan,
Gold
opper
Mine
NATO/ISAF UNCLASSIFIED 102
Sugar
Cementpe ne as
Gold
NATO/ISAF UNCLASSIED
8/10/2019 NATO OPLAN Overview from 09-10
33/36
NATO/ISAF UNCLASSIED
Afghan Border Crossing Points
Nusay
AiKhanem
Sher KhanAquinaTowraghundi Heyratan
Shegnan
X
ABP Zone 5
Eshkeshem
Islam Qalah
Kabul Intl Airport
MeS Intl Airport
Zone 5
X
ABP Zone 4
ABP HQ
X
ABP Zone 1
Herat Intl AirportZone 1Zone 4
TorkhamGate/Torkham
BCC
Gulam KhanMile 78
Zone 2
X
ABP Zone 2
ZaranjWeesh-Chaman
Qandahar Intl Airport
X
ABP Zone 3
NATO/ISAF UNCLASSIFIED 103 103
Border Coordination Center (BCC)
Inland Customs DepotBahram Chah
Spin Boldak BCC
NATO/ISAF UNCLASSIED
8/10/2019 NATO OPLAN Overview from 09-10
34/36
NATO/ISAF UNCLASSIED
Stability Relationships with UNAMA, IC & UN
ISAF UNAMASRSG
DSRSG Pillar II
Human Rights
Norah Niland
COM
DSRSG Pillar I
Relief, Humanit.
Robert Watkins
DCOS STAB Special Adv.on DEV
Mark Ward
Pol. Affairs Div.
T. Masadykov
Political Affairs
[Vacant]
Donor/Aid Eff.
Anja De Beer
Coord Officer
Cris Stephen
DIR DEVDIR GOV
Policy
GOV Chiefs
DEV ChiefsGovernance
Hassan Elhaq
Rule of Law
Stephanie Mcphail
Police Adv.
Khuda Chowdry
Military Adv.
Brig Gen Tim Lai
Knut Kristie
WFP UNOPS HABITAT
WHO
UNOCHA UNICEF UNDP UNHCR
UNDSS
FAOUNODC UNFPA
WFP UNOPS HABITAT
WHO
UNOCHA UNICEF UNDP UNHCR
UNDSS
FAOUNODC UNFPA
NATO/ISAF UNCLASSIFIED 104
Dr. Karp
Weekly average of 10 engagements with UNAMA & UN Organizations
UN
NATO/ISAF UNCLASSIED
8/10/2019 NATO OPLAN Overview from 09-10
35/36
NATO/ISAF UNCLASSIED
ISAF
INTERNATIONAL SECURITY ASSISTANCE FORCE
NATO/ISAF UNCLASSIFIED 105
An overview of ISAF Mission
8/10/2019 NATO OPLAN Overview from 09-10
36/36
International Security Assistance Force
,
ISAF Director of Development
Stability Division
e er . rgoe er . rgo
Office: IVSN 686-1130
106
Email: [email protected]