Nationalism, Sectionalism, Expansion, Age of Jackson, Reform Movements.

Nationalism, Sectionalism, Expansion, Age of Jackson, Reform Movements

SectionalismA. ________________ Differences1. _________________ Economy a. __________________i. beginning of manufacturing ii. textile millsb. ________________ – Second BUSi. need capital to start new businessii. favored the North; loaned money

more to northern businessmenc. __________________ – farmingd. ___________________ - factoriese. Tariff of 1816 – tax on

_______________ to help businesses in US compete

Sectionalism

2. ___________ – Agriculturea. _____________________ –

Eli Whitney (1793)i. demand for _____________ ii. demand for cotton in Britainb. __________ made

manufactured goods more ____________ for southern

businessmen/plantation owners

c. slave revolts – ________________ (1831)

Sectionalism

3. _______ – New Frontiera. ___________________

(1803) – extended boundary to Rocky Mts.

b. BUS seen to favor _______________

businessmen over western ___________

Sectionalism

4. Slaverya. __________________

(1820)i. Missouri – ______ state;ii. Maine – ________ stateiii. territory north of 36 30

line – ________; south of line – __________

iii. only delayed the crisis

NationalismA. A Stronger _____________ Gov’t1. The _________________ System (1815)

– Henry Claya. plan to unite the country

__________________i. ___________ – make goods to sell in

South and Westii. ______________ – produce food,

cotton for the Northb. _____________ to protect American

goodsc. new _______________________d. Improvements in

___________________ – build roads, canals, rr’sw/ $ collected from tariffs to link country

Nationalism2. Supreme Court Casesa. _________________________i. Maryland tried to tax branch of the ______________________ii. SC said that was

______________________; supremacy of the national gov’t over state gov’t

(“the power to tax is the power to destroy”)

b. _________________________i. _________________ gov’t can

regulate/control _________________ commerce

Nationalism

3. Foreign Policya. ___________________i. Pres. Monroe warned ____________ countries to stay out of the _____________________; no new colonies

Westward Expansion

_____________________• belief that the US was

supposed to extend from __________________Ocean

• First used in a newspaper article in the 1840’s

Westward Migration

A. The Frontier1. West – north of Ohio R.2. 1775 - Daniel Boone hired

to cut new road to west3. 1787 –

____________________a. rules for establishing new __________ in territoriesb. no ______________ in Northwest Territory

Westward Expansion

A. Reasons for Migration West1. ______________ Factorsa. _________________b. religious persecution2. ______________ Factorsa. cheap _______________b. adventureB. Trails West1. Santa Fe Trail2. _________________ Trail3. _________________ Trail

Westward ExpansionC. Movement West1. _______________(1803)2. _______________ Treatya. ___________ - from Spain (1819)3. Oregon Territorya.

“__________________________________________”

i. slogan of supporters to annex whole territory

ii. treaty signed w/_________ for Oregon

Westward Expansion2. Annexation of _____________a. 1830’s – more Americans than Mexicans in Texasb. 1833 – Texas Revolutioni. led by ___________________ii. 1836 – “______________________” - Jim Bowie, Davie Crockett - fort defended by Texans; taken by

Mexican Armyc. 1836 – Texas wins

______________________i. Republic of Texas led by

______________________

Westward Expansion

d. 1845 – Texas ________________ by US

i. South saw chance to expand ____________

ii. dispute w/Mexico over ______________

Westward Expansione. _____________________War

(1846-48)i. Pres. Polk wanted New Mexico,

California territories (_____________________)

ii. Treaty of Guadalupe Hildago (1848)- Mexico ____________ Texas to US- border set at _______________- ___________________________:

US paid for New Mexico, Cal. Territories

iii. California Gold Rush (1849)f. Gadsden Purchase (1853)i. ___________________completed

New TechnologyA. Industrial Revolution (1789)1. ______________________a. 1793 – spinning machine

(____________________)i. first _________________(RI)b. 1793 –

_______________________, cotton gin (Whitney)

c. 1814 – factory system (Francis Lowell)

i. built factory town (MA)d. mechanical reaper (Cyrus

McCormick)e. _______________(John Deere)

New Technology

B. Transportation1. 1807 – steamboat (Robert

Fulton)2. 1811- National Road (toll

road to west)3. 1825 – Erie Canala. link Atlantic w/Great

Lakes (Ohio River Valley)b. use Miss. River to get

west4. 1828 – Baltimore/Ohio RR

Age of Jackson

A. Election of 18241. JQ Adams v. Jackson a. no majority in

electoral votes – election goes to ____

b. Clay supported JQ Adams

c. JQ Adams named Clay at Sec. of State

=>Corrupt Bargain

Age of Jackson

B. Election of 1828 1. before 1828, who

could vote?2. what changed?3. Jackson wona. spoils systemi. Jackson rewarded

supporters w/gov’t jobs (Democrats)

Age of JacksonC. __________________ Policy1. ______________________Act

(1830)a. tribes forced further west to make room for more

_______________b. ___________________(1832)i. Cherokee Nation sued to keep landii. ___________________ – ruled in

favor of Cherokeeiii. _____________ ignored rulingc. ____________________(1838)i. forced march west

Age of JacksonD. States Rights1. Tariff of 1828 (“________________________”)a. high tariff favored ________b. upset the ___________c. VP __________________ hated the tariffi. argued states had right to __________ act of Congress (law)that they believed was_______________________=>______________________ theoryd. South Carolina talked about __________________; tariff reduced

=> ___________________________

Age of Jackson2. ________________(Second

BUS)a. Jackson thought BUS favored _______________businessmen over ____________ farmers (giving loans)b. he ___________ bill to renew the BUSi. said money should be put in

state banks in states loyal to Democratic Party (“pet banks”)

Age of Jackson

E. Consequences of Jackson’s policies

1. Was he a _______________or a ________________?

1. new political party formed – __________________

Reform MovementsA. ______________ of Reform

Movement1. ______________a. Second Great Awakening (1800’s)i. anyone can gain

_______________(democratic)ii. people can improve ___________b. New Denominationsi. new Protestant churches - Baptists, Methodistsii. ____________________

- Joseph Smith, Brigham Young (Utah)

c. AME Churches

Reform Movements

2. ____________________a. taught that a person can solve problems/find truth through_______________________b. rejected _____________

religionc. supported ___________

movementd. people naturally good;

dignity of every person

Reform Movementse. led by ___________________________

(writer)i. pushed for a new “__________ culture” => _________________f. _________________________i. Walden - experiment in simple livingii. __________________________– ____________________ protest of

unjust laws iii. less gov’t better (like which early president? ___________________- “The government is best which

governs _________________.”

Reform Movementsg. ____________________________i. period in art, literature w/emphasis

on emotion, natureii. ____________________________ - _____________________, natural

beauty of USiii. first “American” writers using

__________________ themes - Washington Irving (The Legend of

Sleepy Hollow) - James Fennimore Cooper (The Last

of the Mohicans) - Walt Whitman, _______________

Reform MovementsB. _________________ of Reform1. _____________________Movementa. abstinence from _________________b. Women’s Christen Temperance Union

(1870’s)2. _____________________a. push for free public schoolsb. _____________________3. _____________________________a. improve conditions/treatmentb. _____________________4. ___________________ Communitiesa. “perfect” societiesb. _____________________c. New Harmony, INd. Shaker communities

Reform Movements5. ________________________a. __________________ movementb. 1807 – all _____________ states __________________ slaveryc. 1808 – US slave trade stoppedd. 1822 – _____________________

movement; US colony started for ex-slaves – ______________

e. American Anti-Slavery Societyi. ____________________________ii. _________________________–

abolitionist newspaperiii. end slavery ___________iv. ________________________

Reform Movementsf. other _______________________i. Sarah/Angelina Grimkeii. Sojourner Truthg. ____________________________i. ____________________________h. Reaction to Abolitioni. increased ________________ b/t _________________________ - slave rebellions - anti-slavery writings bannedii. _______________– most though abolition too _________________ - freed slaves would take____________________from white men iii. _______________– abolition a threat to

________________________

Reform Movements

i. ___________________ - __________________(1852)- opened eyes in____________ to evils of______________- taken as a____________________in

the South

Reform Movements6. _____________ Movement a. before reform – cult of

domesticityi. women in charge of ________________________b. _____________________(1848)i. meeting to discuss______________________ii. Declaration of Sentimentsiii. Lucretia Mott,________________________