National Sustainable Building Advisor Program NaSBAP Fundamentals of Sustainable Building Blair Seibert, CSBA, AIA, LEED AP, GPR, October 2, 2009.

National Sustainable Building Advisor Program

NaSBAP

Fundamentals of Sustainable Building

Blair Seibert, CSBA, AIA, LEED AP, GPR, October 2, 2009

"The biggest problem is that we architects have been using too narrow a balance sheet to evaluate our decisions. That sheet is not complete; it doesn't include total efficiency and environmental costs. A building may be cheap and pretty, but will it go on to become an environmental and financial burden to those who occupy and maintain it?“

- Randolph CroxtonThe Croxton Collaborative Architects

internationally recognized as a pioneer and innovator in the achievement of environmental and sustainable architectural design

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

“Sustainability meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

UN World Commission on Environment and Development

Two Key Concepts:

1. The concept of “needs”…needs of the world’s poor , to which priority should be given: and

2. The idea of limitations imposed by the state of tech-nology and social organization on the environment’s ability to meet present and futures needs.

William (Bill) G. Reed of Integrative Design Collaborative moves beyond limiting the intensity of the damage we cause. Instead, his focus is on the Regenerative Design Process: local in practice and addressing how we partner and thrive in relationships with the unique social-ecological system of each particular place

Regenerative Design

“Living Building™”

Sustainable Design

Green Design

Building to Code

Goal

SBAP?

SBAP

LEED, etc.

Now

The Three E’s of SustainabilityEnvironment –

minimize the use of non-renewables, use renew-ables at a rate they can be sustained (i.e. ground water)

Economy –develop an economy that is vital and dynamic and integrated with the environment (i.e. old growth forests)

Equity –aims to ensure that all aspects of society are bene-fited, and no aspects of society are harmed (i.e. coal mining)

Resource Depletion

Map of proven oil reserves at end 2006

Oil consumption per capita

Proven natural gas reserves at end 2006

Proven coal reserves at end 2006

With just 5% of the world’s total population, the United States consumes 23% of the world’s energy.

Resource Depletion/Environmental Pollution

Resource Depletion

Buildings are responsible for:

40% of the world’s total energy use 30% of the raw materials consumption 25% of the timber harvest 35% of the world’s CO2 emissions 16% of fresh water withdrawal 40% of municipal solid waste destined for landfills and 50% of ozone-depleting CFCs still in use

Structures also affect watersheds, habitat, air quality, and community transportation patterns

Definition of Green Building

Green building incorporates principles, techniques, and materials that conserve natural resources and improve environ-mental quality throughout a building’s life-cycle.

Priorities for green building include:1. Resource conservation-

Energy

Del Sur Ranch HouseSan Diego, CA LEED Platinum Project

Met 17 of 17 Energy CreditsSaves 45% by the installation of photovoltaic panels that provide >30% of their needs


Water

Toyota Motor SalesTorrance, CA LEED Gold Project

Uses 94% < potable Saves 11 million gals. of water per year by using recycled water for:Cooling, irrigation, flushing toilets, etc.


Materials

Orchard Garden HotelSan Francisco, CALEED Certified

22% of the materials used were sourced within 500 miles of site

Priorities for green building include:2. Ecosystem protection (air, water, soil)

Las Virgenes Creek RestorationCalabasas, CA

Just after a rainfall in 2005


Las Virgenes Creek RestorationCalabasas, CAReceived Outstanding Government Civil Engineering Project Award

“Exhibited innovative ideas…how channels should be restored to more viable riparian habitats while maintaining flood control standards”


Las Virgenes Creek RestorationCalabasas, CA

Priorities for green building include:3. Indoor Environmental Quality

Healthy Air & Views to the outdoors improves test scores and attendance in schools


Cleaner Air & Natural Light (indirect) are healthier. Fewer employee sick days.


Views to the outside help reduce stress and create a connection to the outdoors… seasons.

Upgrading the building envelope-reduces fossil fuel use (fossil fuel is the source of all five greenhouse gases (GHG)

Reducing Construction & Demolition Waste reduces landfill production of methane (potent GHG)

Preservation of trees- sequesters carbon dioxide, slow runoff and flooding

Cluster and infill development - lowers transportation and site impacts

What are the environmental issues that are of most concern in our region of influence?

What elements in any green building standard that you know of address these issues directly?

Energy Efficiency-reduces the cost of operating a home. It may also make mortgages more accessible.

Sustainable Design – offers integrated solutions that result in overall reduction in the cost of construction.

Better Indoor Air- reduces susceptibility to asthma attacks

Walkability - encourages exercise reducing Type II diabetes & obesity

Homeowners

Commercial Developers

Design Professionals

Contractors

1970’s energy crisis created opportunities for pro-gressive architects and engineers as the government funded research for energy efficiency studies: Bill Reed, Malcolm Wells, David Wright and others.

The Carter Administration founded what became the US Department of Energy

1980’s research funding for energy efficiency was greatly reduced due to cheap oil.

1990’s construction waste (landfill) and other issues came to the forefront to make it was clear that looking beyond energy consumption to the comprehensive issue of building materials, construction waste

AIA Energy Committee was founded in 1973 which transformed into the AIA Committee on the Environment (COTE) founded in 1990

AIA Nat’l Convention- Declaration of Interdependence created in 1993

US Green Building Council formed 1993Building with Value Conference held in Seattle in 1993

AIA Committee on the Environment (COTE)First Chairperson of COTE-Bob Berkebile, FAIA: 1990–1992

Top Ten Measures:1. Sustainable Design Intent & Innovation 2. Regional/Community Design & Connectivity 3. Land Use & Site Ecology 4. Bioclimatic Design 5. Light & Air 6. Water Cycle 7. Energy Flows & Energy Future 8. Materials & Construction 9. Long Life, Loose Fit 10.Collective Wisdom & Feedback Loops

United States Green Building Council (USGBC) 1998 LEED New Construction launched

LEED Rating Systems’ Five Categories:

1. Sustainable Site 2. Water Efficiency 3. Energy & Atmosphere 4. Materials & Resources 5. Environmental Quality 6. Innovation in Design

Federal Initiatives

US Air Force – Sustainable Facility Guide

Sustainable Design Tools: Energy Modeling, Life Cycle Analysis

Sustainable Design Process: Healthy Buildings, Environmentally Responsible Materials, Recycling, Maintenance

Materials and Methods: construction Recycling, Divisions 1-16 and Sustainable Design Resources

http://www.afcee.brooks.af.mil/green/case/accsfguide.pdf

Federal Initiatives

President Clinton’s Executive Order 13101 , September 14, 1998

GREENING THE GOVERNMENT THROUGH WASTE PREVENTION, RECYCLING, & FEDERAL ACQUISITION • Recycling• Recyclability• Waste Reduction• Life Cycle Cost• Life Cycle Assessment• Pollution Preventionhttp://www.ofee.gov/eo/13101.asp

CitySeattle-CITY Green Building

Their four member LEED AP team offers customized assistance to homeowners, builders, developers.

They create a list of applicable incentives and rebates for each “client”.

Tax rebates, cash payments, tax incentives are given.

http://www.cityofseattle.net/dpd/GreenBuilding/

CityAnaheim

• Expedited Plan Check• Waive Plan Check Fees (≤ $50K)• New construction incentives (≤ $75K/comm’l facility)• Energy Star appliance incentives (≤ $100K/project)• Design review assistance (≤ $10K)• LEED Certification ( $30K)• GreenPoint Rating assistance (≤ $6K)• Etcetera…

http://www.anaheim.net/article.asp?id=1164

City

Santa Monica Green Building: Code RequirementsRequirements for most commercial projects and multi-family over 3 units:

Energy Conservation-Must exceed Title 24 by 10%Green Bldg. Materials-Select one material from 5 of the 10 areas; use in 50%

of bldg. sq. ft. or 100% of bldg. fixtures; include on plansLandscape – Min. stormwater runoff to impermeable areas; Specify & install

water-efficient irrigation systems; Specify graywater and/or captured rainwater for irrigation where practical & economically feasible; Restrict use of water features & fountains

Construction & Demo Waste-All projects must divert 65% of their construction & demo waste from landfill; cannot include inert materials

http://greenbuildings.santa-monica.org/introduction/introduction.html

City

New York City

Greening their own facilities

Department of Design & Construction writes and sells in-depth manuals to inform the design process. Completed to date and posted onthis Website are:

Manual for Quality, Energy Efficient Lighting,Geothermal Manual,Construction and Demolition Waste Manual,And a manual on Local Law 77, the Ultra-low Sulfur Diesel Law.

http://www.ci.nyc.ny.us/html/ddc/html/ddcgreen/

California CitiesSanta Rosa (resolution): Promotes the use of the GreenPoint Rated system as a voluntary program

County of Marin (ordinance): New homes >3,500 s.f. must meet Title 24 energy budget for 3,500 s.f. home

Rohnert Park (ordinance): Residential project must be GreenPoint Rated; Commercial building > 50,000 s.f. must be LEED NC registered

City of San Francisco: Task Force recommends LEED Certification for commercial and phased-in requirements for GreenPoint Rated

Watch Intro to LEED™ PowerPoint

The Collaborative for High Performance Schools Guidelines & Criteria (2002)Facilitates the design of high performance K-12 schools

Sea Green by the Seattle Office of Housing developed to promote energy conservation, operational savings &sustainable building practices in affordable multi-familyhousing projects

City of Austin Green Builder Program – Utility SponsoredGreen Building Program for residential, commercial and multi-family, offers workshops, professional assistance

and referrals.

http://www.lgc.org/freepub/land_use/models/village_homes2.html

Village Homes in Davis, CA – Completed in 1982

http://www.lgc.org/freepub/land_use/models/village_homes2.html

C.K. Choi, Building, Univ. of British Columbia – Cx 93

http://www.iar.ubc.ca/choibuilding/matsuzaki.html

C.K. Choi, Building, University of British Columbia–Cx 93

http://greenbuildingsbc.com/Portals/0/docs/case_studies/CK_Choi.pdf

ING Bank Headquarters, Amsterdam – completed in 2002

http://www.galinsky.com/buildings/ing/index.htm

ING Bank Headquarters, Amsterdam – completed in 2002

http://www.galinsky.com/buildings/ing/index.htm

Break up in small groups and share your “discoveries” from

Buildinggreen.com

USGBCCanada Green Building CouncilWorld Green Building Council

Systems: LEED – used by the US, Canada and IndiaGreen Globes – used in the US and CanadaBREEAM – United KingdomGreen Star – AustraliaCASBEE – JapanGerman Certification for Sustainable Buildings –

GermanyInternational Institute for a Sustainable Built

Environment (iiSBE) - (academic focus)

Green Building Accounts for 2% of the total building construction which makes up 20% of the Gross Domestic Product

Over 100,000 LEED AP16, 714 LEED Registered Commercial Buildings1,955 LEED Registered Int’l Projects in 114 nations17,375 LEED Registered Homes

3, 017 Certified LEED Commercial Buildings2,579 LEED certified homes

Some Green Rating Systems

Build It Green www.builditgreen.org

Build It Green is a non-profit organization whose mission is to promote healthy, energy- and resource-efficient building practices in California.

They work with mainstream stakeholders in the housing industry to accelerate the adoption of green building practices.

Build It Green

Rating Systems:•GreenPoint Rated Existing Home•Single Family GreenPoint Rated Home•Multifamily GreenPoint Rated Project

Guidelines offered:Home Remodeling Green Building GuidelinesNew Home Construction GBGMultifamily GBG

• Put image of checklist here

Build It Green

Single Family GreenPoint Rated Home:

•380+ points available•50 points minimum required•Required Measures:

•Waste Diversion 50% by weight•15% above Title 24•Incorporate GPR Checklist in Blueprints

•Minimum points in each category

Build It Green

Single Family GreenPoint Rated HomeUnique Features:

•Install structural pest controls

Build It Green


•No invasive plants-Cal IPC

English Ivy Pampas Grass Mexican Fan PalmWashingtonia

Build It Green


•Using Engineered Lumber

Build It Green


•Energy Star ceiling fans/light kits in living areas

Build It Green


•Pre-Plumb for solar hot water•Provide conduit for future PV panels

Build It Green


•Built-in recycling center•Built-in composting center

LEED NC- New Commercial Construction and Major Renovation EB O&M - Existing Building Operations and MaintenanceCI - Commercial Interiors projects, CS - Core & Shell Development projects, H – HomesSchools-LEED NC for Schools Substitution GuideHealthcare-Based upon GGHCND-Neighborhood DevelopmentRetail

LEEDApplications for:Multiple Building Guidelines and On-Campus Building

Projects

In Development:US Air Force has developed a LEED Application Guide for

Lodging (< 4 stories)LEED for Laboratories (in development)LEED for NeighborhoodsLEED for RetailLEED for Healthcare

EPA-Green Communities (5-step planning process, provides tools and information to help communities help themselves become more sustainable)

Step One – Community Assessment (Where are we now?)Step Two – Trends Analysis (Where are we going?)Step Three – Vision Statement (Where do we want to be?)Step Four – Sustainable Action Plan (How do we get

there?)• Sample Environmental Stewardship Action Plan• Land Use Action Plan• Pollution Prevention & Recycling Action Plan• Transportation Action Plan• Human Health & Environmental Health Action Plan

Step Five – Implementation (Let’s Go!)http://www.epa.gov/greenkit/index.htm

NAHB Green Building ProgramRepresents 80% of the home building volume in the U.S.

Three levels of green: bronze, silver and gold

1. Lot Design, Preparation & Construction2. Resource Efficiency3. Energy Efficiency4. Water Efficiency5. Indoor Environmental Quality6. Homeowner Education7. Global Impact8. Site Planning & Land Development

The Living Building ChallengeAuthored by Jason McLennan/ Developed by the Cascadia Green Building Council

No credits, just prerequisites (16 w/exceptions for market realities)

1. Cannot be built 50’ from wetlands, sensitivespecies areas

2. Must not be built on virgin land3. For each acre built/an acre needs to be

set aside for habitat4. Net Zero energy-100% of building’ energy

supplied by on-site renew energy5. Cannot contain products with 13 chemicals6. One-time carbon offset of construction

carbon footprint7. All wood must be FSC or salvaged8. Materials or service must within

specific distances

The Living Building Challenge continued…

9. Waste must be diverted from landfills to the following levels:Soils and biomass 100%Metals, Paper & Cardboard 95%Rigid Foam, carpet & insulation 90%All others 80%

10. 100% of occupants’ water use must come from captured precipitation or reused water that is purified without chemicals.

11. 100% of storm water and water discharge must be handled on-site.12. Every occupy able space must have operable windows that provide access to

fresh air and daylight. 13. Healthy air and dirt source control14. Air exchange rate must meet Title 2415. The project must contain design features intended solely for human delight and

celebration of culture…16. Educational materials about the performance and operation of the project must be

made available to the public in order to inspire and educate. Non-sensitive areas of the building must be held open to the public at least one day per year, to facilitate direct contact with a truly sustainable building.

One Planet Living

1. Zero Carbon2. Zero Waste3. Sustainable Transportation4. Local and Sustainable Materials5. Local and Sustainable Food6. Sustainable Water7. Natural Habitats and Wildlife8. Culture and Heritage9. Equity and Fair Trade10.Health and Happiness Beddington Zero Energy Development

BedZED in the UK

Review LEED NC, The Living Building Challenge and

GreenPoint Rated Checklists

The 2030 Challenge is for buildings to be Carbon Neutral in the year 2030 (using no fossil fuel GHG emitting energy to operate)

To accomplish this, Architecture 2030 has issued The 2030 Challenge asking the global architecture and building community to adopt the following targets:

1.All new buildings, developments and major renovations shall be designed to meet a fossil fuel, GHG-emitting, energy consumption performance standard of 50% of the regional (or country) average for that building type.

The 2030 Challenge is for buildings to be Carbon Neutral in the year 2030 (using no fossil fuel GHG emitting energy to operate)

2. At a minimum, an equal amount of existing building area shall be renovated annually to meet a fossil fuel, GHG-emitting, energy consumption performance standard of 50% of the regional (or country) average for that building type.

Green Guide to Health Care (set up just like LEED NC)

Energy Star (sponsored by the EPA and US DOE) ONLY looks at energy efficiency

ALA Health House – American Lung Association sponsored program to educate builders and homeowners about improving indoor air quality.

National Research on Green Building:

05/30/2007 - According to a recent Roper survey commissioned by Sharp Electronics Corporation, nearly 90 percent of Americans think that solar electricity should be an option for all new home construction, up significantly from one year ago (79 percent).

An estimated 50,000 eco-friendly homes have been constructed in the U.S. over the past decade.

Green Financing

New Resource Bank in San Francisco provides an 1/8 discount interest rate and higher Loan to Value (80% rather than the typical 75%) on construction loans.

Bank of America offers a reduced interest rate or $1,000 back for each home-purchase mortgage meeting ENERGY STAR specifications.

TALK TO SHELLIE COLLIER, GET FINANCING INFO SHE KNOWS ABOUT

http://newsroom.bankofamerica.com/index.php?s=press_releases&item=7697http://blogs.business2.com/greenwombat/2007/03/bank_america_co.html

Local Green Case Studies-Audubon Center at Debs Park4700 North Griffin Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90031

2003, LEED Platinum, 53 points17 acres, 5,020 square feet

Http://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/database/overview.cfm?projectid=234

Local Green Case Studies-Audubon Center at Debs Park4700 North Griffin Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90031

Entirely off-grid (25K kWh/year or 5 kWh/s.f.)Uses 70% less waterTreats all waste water on-site50% of construction materials made locallycarpeting of Mexican agave plant, to wheat board and sunflower board cabinets and desks.

97% construction waste recycledSolar thermal cooling and space heating

Natural Resources Defense Council - NRDC1314 Second Street, Santa Monica, CA 90410

2003, LEED Platinum, 56 points

3 story, 15,000 square feetBike racks, showersTreated rainwater and greywater used for flushing toilets20% of power provided by PV

http://www.grist.org/news/powers/2003/11/25/of/

Natural Resources Defense Council - NRDC1314 Second Street, Santa Monica, CA 90410

http://www.cbe.berkeley.edu/mixedmode/nrdc.html

Simple Payback

*Assumes cost of electricity at $.07/kWh and three hours/day burn time

Fixture Average Fixture Cost

Annual Energy Cost

Total Cost @ 2 Years



2-15 watt CFLs

$30 $2.30 $34.60 $39.20 $43.80

2-60 watt incandes.

$17.00 $9.20 $37.40 $57.79 $78.19

Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA)

Would add labor costs of acquiring, installing, operating and disposing of fixtures to the above.

Fixture Average Fixture Cost

Annual Energy Cost

Installat. Costs

Maint. Costs

Disposal Costs

2-15 watt CFLs

$30 $2.30 $X $A $XX

2-60 watt incandes.

$17.00 $9.20 $Y $B $YY

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)

Part of the ISO 14000 environmental management standards

They attempt to capture the environmental impact of a product from sourcing materials to disposal

Hard to determine actual costs of mining the metals for the wiring and mercury present in the bulb, the mercury that is released from burning more coal to make more energy to power the incandescent bulb and other impacts.

Typically a score is identified rather than a dollar figure and represents the aggregate environmental impact.

Pre-Design – Goal SettingIntegrate sustainability into thinkingMore involvement will design team members up-frontEnd user should be part of design team

Incorporate processes to help analysis-Product & Equipment SoftwareComputer Modeling, Simulation and

OptimizationCost Analysis (Simple Payback, LCCA, LCA)

Cost shifting as more design time is spent up-front

Schematic Design – Eco-Charrette (brainstorming session) should be conducted; may be a day or multiple days

If following a green rating system, it should be used as framework for session

Design Development –

Review design with client goals, budget, cost effectiveness, alignment with LEED or other standard

Enhanced Commissioning would begin now

Reconsider and reinforce sustainable building goals

Construction Documents–

Incorporate “green” into specifications, 01350 LEED Procedures

Select products carefully to confirm they meet green rating standards AND are appropriate for condition

Reference any standard that needs to be met – e.g. CRI, Green Seal, ASTM, FSC, etc.

Include phone number and contact if possible

Do NOT use “or equal”; use “or approved”

Construction –

On-site training and oversight

Shop drawing review/confirmation that standards are met

Enhanced Commissioning (Cx) will include shop drawing review,

LEED Basic Cx begins at end of Construction Documents development and is concluded at the end of construction

Occupancy –

Prior to-building flush-out

Educating tenants about features that require their cooperation

Enhanced Cx occurs about 10 months after occupancy

Consultant

Work within your organization to promote green

Negate “greenwashing” by educating others

What other points in the process could a SBA be involved?

CHALLENGE-

Establish a goal for each class. Write them down.

CHALLENGE-

Establish a SBA goal for yourself…write it down.

National Sustainable Building Advisor Program NaSBAP Fundamentals of Sustainable Building Blair Seibert, CSBA, AIA, LEED AP, GPR, October 2, 2009.

Documents

mining slide

resource depletion slide

worlds energy

worlds total energy

regenerative design

resource depletion buildings

resource conservation

worlds poor