NAP Expo 2015 Session VII, II National strategies on integrating CCA, Vietnam

National strategies on integrating climate change adaptation

Le Minh NHAT Ph.D Director

Climate Change Adaptation Division – DMHCC

MINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT DEPARTMENT OF METEOROLOGY, HYDROLOGY AND CLIMATE CHANGE

VIETNAM

13-14 April 2015, BONN, GERMANY

OUTLINE

1. General information

2. Relevant policy documents for Integrating in Viet Nam

3. Steps of mainstreaming CCA into development plans

4. Mainstreaming CCA into sector plans

5. Lessons learned

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• Population: 92.477.857 (2013)

• GDP/capita: US$ 1960 (2013)

• Area: 331.212 km²

• Economic reform: 1986

Vietnam has seen high economic growth rate in the past decades

Lately, growth has been less impressive

GDP Growth Rates (annual %)

GDP growth: 8% during 1990-1997 7% during 2000-2005 5-8% from 2006-date

1. General information

Climate change impact • 1 of Top 5 countries/nations most vulnerable to climate changes. Sea

level rises 1m, 5% land loses, 11% population affected, 7% agricultural activities impacted, 10% GDP reduced.

• Most vulnerable regions: Red River Delta and Mekong River Delta • Most vulnerable sectors: Agriculture, Water Resources, Transport, Trade,

Education… • Most vulnerable group: the poor, women, children, and ethnic

minorities… • Climate changes in Vietnam: increase in strengths and frequencies of

extreme weather, disasters, sea level rise, land erosions and slides.

2. Relevant policy documents for Integrating

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Resolution No.24/NQ/TW (2013) by Party Central Committee

National Strategy on Climate Change (2011)

NTP-RCC (2008) NTP-RCC for the

period 2012-2015 (2012) Action Plans for

each sector

National Action Plan on CC for the period 2012-2020 (2012)

Green Growth Strategy- GGS

(2012)

Other National Strategy for each

sector

NTP for each sector

Higher Political Will

National Strategies and Policy Actions

Particular policies and concrete actions

Socio Economic Development Strategy, Plan (2010 - current)

Framework of Priority Selection Guide to Adapt CC in Socio Economic Development Plan (2013)

GOVERNMENT NATIONAL CLIMATE CHANGE COMMITTEE

MOF MPI MOC MONRE MARD MOIT MOT

Office of NCCC Offices of CC Programmes

Line departments in provinces

International organisations

& NGOs

Community groups

Direct line of command / reporting Cooperation / Partnership

Office of SPRCC

Office of NTPRCC

National Target Program respond to Climate change

The plan includes near term (to 2010) and longer term (to 2015) priority activities to address 8 sub‐objectives or program areas:

1. Assessing the impacts of climate change 2. Identifying appropriate responses 3. Developing a scientific‐technical program 4. Strengthening capacity and the policy framework

in the relevant organizations and institutions 5. Raising awareness across the country 6. Enhancing international cooperation 7. Mainstreaming the NTP across all sectors 8. Developing specific action plans to respond to climate change ( All ministries, all sectors and localities to respond to CC) NTP‐RCC is more of a “strategy to develop a strategy”

The status of climate policy integration in Vietnam

• In Vietnam, the Government approved the National Target Programe to Respond to Climate Change (NTP) and the National Strategy on Climate Change, which require that

Climate change is integrated into

all new development strategies and policies.

• Taken into consideration in the decision-making process.

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• Step T1: Screening • Step T2: Select the response measure • Step T3: Integrate climate change into the document of strategies,

planning processes and plans • Step T4: Implement the climate change-integrated strategies, planning

processes and plans • Step T5: Monitoring and assessment.

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3. Steps of mainstreaming CCA into development plans

Step 1: Screening

• To assess the relationship between the socio-economic strategies, planning processes, and plans with climate change and to assess whether or not it is necessary to implement climate policy integration.

• Whether or not that region/sector is vulnerable to climate change? • Whether or not the socio-economic development activities will reduce the

adaptive capacity or miss the opportunities brought by climate change? • is implemented and based upon, the scenarios for climate change and sea level

rise for Vietnam and the assessment report of climate change impacts on sectors/regions belonging to those strategies, planning processes and plans 10

Step 2: Select the response measure

The process of selecting adaptation measures • Identify adaptation measures: to provide a list of adaptation measures.

based on expert consultation and the matrix tables on the climate change impacts on sectors, corresponding adaptation measures and the relevant agencies.

• Select adaptation measures: based on criteria, such as effectiveness, cost and feasibility, etc. a matrix table of adaptation measures and selection criteria is developed to select the appropriate adaptation measures.

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Step 3: Integrate climate change into the document of strategies, planning processes and plans

Three following criteria: • The target of the climate change response should become one of

the targets of the strategy, planning process and plan; • Climate change issues should be integrated into the strategy,

planning process and plan appropriately. • Weighting of the integrated climate change aspects with other

aspects.

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Step 4: Implement policy documents integrated with climate change adaptation

Similar to implementation of other policies

• Implementing CCA in parallel with development activities.

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Step 5: Monitoring and assessment

• Evaluating CCA measures;

• Evaluating integration of CCA into policy documents,

• Evaluating implementation of policy documents

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1. Mainstreaming CC in the process to formulate, approve and undertake strategies, long and short term plans, development projects of all sub-sectors of ARD.

2. Mainstreaming shall be based on the following principles: Ensure the sustainability of socio-economic development, systematic, flexible to each period and concurrent with national regulations; scientific and locality-driven

3. Mainstreaming shall comply with the following 5 steps process: (i) Climate change screening (assess impacts, identify the vulnerability, analyze and select the possible risk → (ii) Select the adaptation measures → (iii) Mainstreaming CC into development policy (iv) Implementation → (v) Monitoring and Evaluation

Mainstreaming climate change into sector phanning

a. Agricultural Sector

ADAPTATION

MAINSTREAMING

SHORT_MID_LONG TERM

INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT (STRUCTURE, NON-STRUCTURE) NATIONAL-SECTORAL-REGIONAL-LOCAL SOLUTIONS:

Research and application new weather tolerant crop varieties Develop flexible crop pattern and shifting cropping calendar, Develop and implement new farming techniques, Improving soil’s nutrition and increasing carbon absorption of lands Efficiency use of land, water and other inputs Diversify with effective application of scientific advances increasing the resilience and livelihood of peoples R&D, DRM, Risk management and agriculture’s insurance

Impacts: Crop yield decreases, Water stress, Land degradation, Loses of species and eco system…trans boundary of mitigating measures

Autonomous, Anticipatory, and … Planned Adaptation

a. Agricultural Sector

IMPACTS

VULNERABILITY

ADAPTATION

GAPS

Statistical downscaling methods

RRMOD and SSARR for run-off

MAGICC/ SCENGE 5.3 software

Penman formulae for ETP

CSIRO Mark 2 GCM

−Drought increase (3% coastal area, 8% inland area)

− Building reservoirs (priority to East of South, Central Highlands and mountainous areas in the North)

− Need of a long term strategy on national and regional scale

− Water resources have not been managed according to basin system

− Provision on protection, utilization and management of water resources have been insufficient

− Low investment for irrigation, having as result imperfect works.

−Risk of flood and land erosion because of its geographical location of mountains −Deforestation and pollution make water resources more vulnerable −Most populated areas and with more economic activity are the ones with higher risk of floods, and salinization of water resources.

− Upgrading drainage system; building new sea dykes

− Control population growth; new resettlement areas

− Reclaiming areas (hilly midland in the N) for agricultural production

− Effective use of water, increasing run-off in low flow season.

− Sustainable exploitation of resources. −Studies and predictions in water resources

−Run-off: +4% to -19% -ETP increases

−Rainfall increases (12-19%) −Increase of peak of discharge

−Decrease of return period (from 100 to 20 years and from 20 to 5)

−Decrease in groundwater level in central highlands Stalinization of groundwater due to sea level rise. −Increase water stress and conflicts −Drop of hydropower production −Water supplies threatened

−Sea level rise: affect islands, coastal ecosystems and communities, sinking of delta land, coastal degradation, loss of coral reefs.

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b. Water Sector

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b. Water Sector

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Conclusion mainstreaming

NTP-RCC (2008) Action Plans for

each sector

Other National Strategy for each

sector

NTP for each sector

Socio Economic Development Strategy, Plan

<at the beginning >

CC issues had been discussed, but fragmented.

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Conclusion mainstreaming

Resolution No.24/NQ/TW (2013) by Party Central Committee

National Strategy on Climate Change (2011)

NTP-RCC (2008) NTP-RCC for the

period 2012-2015 (2012) Action Plans for

each sector

National Action Plan on CC for the period 2012-2020 (2012)

Green Growth Strategy- GGS

(2012)

Other National Strategy for each

sector

NTP for each sector

Socio Economic Development Strategy, Plan (2010 - current) CC issues have been integrated into SEDS and SEDP

Framework of Priority Selection Guide to Adapt CC in Socio Economic Development Plan (2013)

<current> CC issues are mainstreamed through policy actions

Awareness raising Workshops to party sysmtem

[Institutional set-up]

• National Committee on CC

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Conclusion mainstreaming

[scientific base for CC actions] Climate Change scenario GHG inventory Biennial Update Report iNDC

Monitoring and Evaluation tools

+

+

Barriers

• Lacks qualitative data for future climate change prediction. • No specific guidance on the integration of climate change into socio-economic development

strategies, planning processes and plans.

• Insufficient legal regulations, which require climate change integration as a compelling step in the process of developing socio-economic development strategies, planning processes and plans at national, sectoral and local levels;

• Limited capacity for integrating climate change into development strategies, planning processes and plans at national, sectoral and local levels;

• Insufficient resources (personnel, time and finance) for implementing climate change integration into development strategies, planning processes and plans at national, sectoral and local levels ;

• Development plans need a lot of detailed information on climate change. However, the model only can predict several factors with uncertainty. The projection of climate extreme values is more difficult than that of the average values; Sometimes the detailed level of spatial and temporal aspects of the climate change scenario is not sufficient for the development plans;

• The project needs detailed data at the local level; however, the climate change scenarios could not meet that requirement

5. Lessons learned

• Coordination among ministries and sectors – Synergies of adaptation measures to optimize use of

resources

• Regional Planning ( multiple provinces ) – Overlap of planning leads to inefficient use of resource

– Lack of mechanism to cooperate among provinces;

– Weakness in managing and implementing regional plan

– Adaptation measures are only considered local benefits but ignored impacts at regional scope; leads to increasing risk of disaster at different places in its region

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Thank you for your attention

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Le Minh NHAT Director of Climate Change Adaptation Division

DEPARTMENT OF METEOROLOGY, HYDROLOGY AND CLIMATE CHANGE E mail : [email protected]