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Nanocarbon:
Properties and Applications
Trial lecture17/1-2004
Kai de Lange Kristiansen
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arbon
• elting point: 3 00o
• Ato$ic radius: 05077 n$
• 'asis in all organic co$ponds
• 10 $ill5 carbon co$ponds
.ntroduction
http://images.google.no/imgres?imgurl=http://www.offshore-technology.com/projects/snorre/images/snorre7.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.offshore-technology.com/projects/snorre/snorre5.html&h=450&w=550&sz=45&tbnid=IRPPWQRWXG4J:&tbnh=106&tbnw=129&start=1&prev=/images%3Fq%3Doil%2Bsnorre%26hl%3Dnn%26lr%3D
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Nanocarbon
• *ullerene
• Tubes
• ones• arbon blac6
• orns
•8ods• *oa$s
• Nanodia$onds
.ntroduction
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Nanocarbon
• *ullerene
• Tubes
• ones• arbon blac6
• orns
•8ods• *oa$s
• Nanodia$onds
.ntroduction
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Nanocarbon
• *ullerene
• Tubes
• ones• arbon blac6
.ntroduction
Properties 9 Application
• ,lectrical
• ec)anical
• T)er$al
• torage
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'onding
Properties
rap)ite " sp2 ;ia$ond " sp
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Nanocarbon
)enderoa et al 5
Nanotec)nolog< 12 %2001& 1#15
Properties
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Nanocarbon
Properties
12 pentagons
= pentagons
1 " pentagons
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*ullerene
”The most symmetrical large molecule”
• ;iscoered in 1#>
- Nobel pri!e )e$istr< 1##? url? Kroto? and $alle<
Properties
,pcot center? Paris
31 n$
Arc)itect: 85 'uc6$inster *uller
• 0? also 70? 7 and >45 - 2 @acets %12 pentagons and 20 )eagons& - protot
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*ullerene
•
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*ullerene
•
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*ullerene
•
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*ullerene
•
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*ullerene
• )e$icall< stable as grap)ite - $ost reactie at pentagons
• r
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*ullerene
• )e$icall< stable as grap)ite - $ost reactie at pentagons
• r
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Nanotube
Properties
8oll-up ector:
21 amanC
h +=
• ;iscoered 1##1? .iEi$a
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P ti
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Nanotube
,lectrical conductanse depending on )elicit<
21amanC h +=
Properties
.@ ? t)en $etallicelse se$iconductor
imn
=+
3
2
P ti
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Nanotube
,lectrical conductanse depending on )elicit<
21amanC h +=
Properties
• urrent capacit<
arbon nanotube 1 A$ps / c$
2
opper Bire 1 A$ps / c$2
• eat trans$ission
o$parable to pure dia$ond %20 D / $5K&
• Te$perature stabilit< arbon nanotube 70 o %in air&
etal Bires in $icroc)ips 00 " 1000 o
• aging
a< c)ange electrical properties + sensor
imn
=+
3
2.@ ? t)en $etallicelse se$iconductor
Properties
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Nanotube
Properties
;ia$eter:
as loB as 1 n$
Lengt):
tdiameter
length
+ (uasi 1; solid
Properties
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Nanotube
G)eng et al 5 Nature aterials 3 %2004& 75
Properties
DNT " 15# n$
;ia$eter:
as loB as 1 n$
Lengt):
tdiameter
length
+ (uasi 1; solid
Properties
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Nanotubes
Carbon nanotubes are the strongest ever knownmaterial.
• Young Modulus (stifness): Carbon nanotubes 1250 !a
Carbon "bers #25 !a (ma$.)
%igh strength steel 200 !a
• &ensile strength (breakingstrength)
Carbon nanotubes 11' !a
Carbon "bers .5 ' !a
%igh strength steel * 2 !a• +longation to ,ailure : * 20'0 -
• ensit/:
Carbon nanotube () 1. 1.#0 gram 3 4m
luminium 2.6 gram 3 4m
Properties
Properties
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arbon nanotubes are er< @leible
Nanoscience Research Group University of North Carolina (USA)
http://!physics!unc!edu/"rsuper/research/
http://!ipt!arc!nasa!gov/gallery!html
Properties
ec)anical
Properties
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ones
cale bar: 200 n$
1#52 o
>5#o
050o
>45o
1125#o
Kris)nan? ,bbesen et al 5 Nature 388 %2001& 2415
Properties
• ;iscoered 1##4 %closed @or$& e 9 attler
1##7 %open @or$& ,bbesen et al 5
• losed: sa$e s)ape as .H capsid
• Possible scale-up production %open @or$&
• torageC
+
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arbon blac6
Properties
Large industr<
- $ill5 tons eac)
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Driting
arbon " grap)ite 0: 1000 better resolutiont)an in6 %Jero&
Application
Application
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NT / pol
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NT / pol
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,lectric deices
Application
Application
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Transistor
• Hacuu$ tubes- Nobel pri!e 1#0? T)o$son5
.'? 1#25
• e$iconductor? i-based - Nobel pri!e 1#? )oc6le
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Transistor
• DNT - 25 !? T 4 K
- Logical gates
Application
Li et al 5 Nano Lett5 4 %2004& 75'ac)told? ;e66er et al 5cience 294 %2001& 1175
'ase
ollector ,$itter
Application
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Antenna
Application
Application
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Antenna
• ;ipole3 /4 $
Application
#$%
m
s
m
c f 100~
3
1038
⋅
==
λ
8adio Bae:
Application
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Antenna
• ;ipole3 /4 $
;e66er? P)
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*lat screen displa
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*lat screen displa
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Ato$ic *orce icroscop<
pp
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Application
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arn
G)ang? At6inson and 'aug)$an?
cience 306 %2004& 1>5
DNT
• Mperational -1#o Q T Q 40o
• ,lectrical conducting
• Toug)ness co$parable to Kelar
• No rapture in 6not
Application
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Bt
%(uestionable& - Taraso et al. %200&: 254 Bt
reersible? 2 bar 2?-10o5
• ones - ealand 9 6Eeltorp? %2001&
I Patent ?2#0?7
,ldrid Osand? .*, KEeller
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onclusion
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onclusion
• Nanocarbon- @ullerene - ”most symmetrical”
- tubes - SstrongestS- cones - Sone o@ t)e s)arpestS
- carbon blac6 - Slarge productionS
• Properties
- electrical? $ec)anical? t)er$al? storage? caging
• Applications - antenna? co$posite? Briting? @ield e$ission?
transistor?
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o$$ercial
• o$panies: 3 20 BorldBide - arbon Nanotec)nologies .nc5 %N.&
- , 8esearc)
- n-Tec
• Prices: - Tubes: pure DNT 00 / gra$ %N.&
DNT U 20-0 / gra$ %n-Tec&
- /0 : pure 100-200 / gra$ %, 8esearc)&
- ones: ulti U 1 / gra$ %n-Tec&
- old : 10 / gra$