Nanotechnology JOBIN GEORGE MCA CHRIST UNIVERSITY 2012
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NanotechnologyJOBIN GEORGE
MCA
CHRIST UNIVERSITY
2012
What is Nanotechnology?
Nanotechnology is the creation of functional materials, devices and systems, through the understanding and control of matter at dimensions in the nanometer scale length (1-100 nm), where new functionalities and properties of matter are observed.
A nanometer is one billionth of a meter that is 10-9
meter.
Materials with minimum feature sizes less than 100 nanometers are considered to be products of nanotechnology.
What is Nanoscale
1.27 × 107 m 0.22 m 0.7 × 10-9 m
12,756 Km 22 cm 0.7 nm
10 millions times smaller
1 billion times smaller
How small is Nano?
A sheet of paper is about 100,000 nanometers thick.
A strand of human DNA is 2.5 nanometers in diameter.
There are 25,400,000 nanometers in one inch.
A human hair is approximately 80,000- 100,000 nanometers wide.
A single gold atom is about a third of a nanometer in diameter.
Your fingernails grow at the rate of about 1 nanometer per second.
single hemoglobin molecule - 5 nanometers across
Nanotechnology Applications
Information Technology
• Smaller, faster, more
energy efficient and
powerful computing
and other IT-based
systems
Energy
• More efficient and cost
effective technologies for
energy production− Solar cells
− Fuel cells
− Batteries
− Bio fuels
Medicine
Consumer Goods
• Foods and beverages−Advanced packaging materials,
sensors, and lab-on-chips for
food quality testing
• Appliances and textiles−Stain proof, water proof and
wrinkle free textiles
• Household and cosmetics− Self-cleaning and scratch free
products, paints, and better
cosmetics
• Cancer treatment
• Bone treatment
• Drug delivery
• Appetite control
• Drug development
• Medical tools
• Diagnostic tests
• Imaging
Nanoscale Devices and Integrated Nanosystems
− Currently available microprocessors use
resolutions as small as 32 nm
− Houses up to a billion transistors in a single chip
− MEMS based nanochips have future capability of 2
nm cell leading to 1TB memory per chip
Nanochip
− Fuel cells use hydrogen and air as fuels
and produce water as by product
− The technology uses a nanomaterial
membrane to produce electricity
Fuel Cells
Drug Delivery SystemsImpact of nanotechnology on drug delivery systems:
− Targeted drug delivery
− Improved delivery of poorly water soluble drugs
− Co-delivery of two or more drugs
− Imaging of drug delivery sites using imaging
modalities
Benefits of Nanotechnology
environmentally benign material abundance for all by providing universal clean water supplies
atomically engineered food and crops resulting in greater agricultural productivity with fewer labor requirements
nutritionally enhanced interactive ‘smart’ foods.
cheap and powerful energy generation
clean and highly efficient manufacturing
radically improved formulation of drugs, diagnostics and organ replacement
much greater information storage and communication capacities
Potential Risks
Health issues - the effects of nanomaterial on human biology
Environmental issues - the effects of nanomaterial on the environment
Societal issues - the effects that the availability of Nano technological devices will have on politics and human interaction
Thank You
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