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NANO TECHNOLOGYNANO TECHNOLOGYCOOLINGCOOLING
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ContentsContents
IntroductionIntroduction
NanotechnologyNanotechnology
Concepts of nanotechnologyConcepts of nanotechnology
Carbon nanotube science and technologyCarbon nanotube science and technology
Cooling processCooling process
Cool chipsCool chips
Present cooling methodsPresent cooling methods
AdvantagesAdvantages
ConclusionConclusion
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IntroductionIntroduction
Nanolighting can be used to cool futureNanolighting can be used to cool future
computerscomputers
Possible by using a classic corona windPossible by using a classic corona windeffecteffect
This is developed by the engineers in theThis is developed by the engineers in the
Purdue UniversityPurdue University
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Concepts of nanotechnologyConcepts of nanotechnology
1.1. Positional assemblyPositional assembly
2.2. Massive parallelismMassive parallelism
3.3. Convergent assemblyConvergent assembly
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Positional assemblyPositional assembly
--manipulating and positioning individual atomsmanipulating and positioning individual atomsand moleculesand molecules
Massive parallelismMassive parallelism
--lots of robotic arms are required tolots of robotic arms are required toassemble large molecular parts and this is madeassemble large molecular parts and this is made
possible by massive parallelismpossible by massive parallelism
Convergent assemblyConvergent assembly--vast number of small parts are assembled byvast number of small parts are assembled by
vast number of small robotic arms into largervast number of small robotic arms into larger
partsparts
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Carbon nanotube science andCarbon nanotube science and
technologytechnology
Carbon nanotubes are fullerene relatedCarbon nanotubes are fullerene related
structuresstructures
Consist of graphene cylinders closed at eitherConsist of graphene cylinders closed at either
end with caps containing pentagonal ringsend with caps containing pentagonal rings
Discovered by Japanese electron microscopistDiscovered by Japanese electron microscopist
Sumio IijimaSumio Iijima
Thomas Ebberson showed how nanotubes canThomas Ebberson showed how nanotubes can
be made in bulk quantitiesbe made in bulk quantities
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Single layer nanotubesSingle layer nanotubes
Synthesis of nanotubes was done in 1993Synthesis of nanotubes was done in 1993
Standard arcStandard arc--evaporation method produces onlyevaporation method produces only
multilayered tubesmultilayered tubes
By adding cobalt to graphite electrodes , extremelyBy adding cobalt to graphite electrodes , extremely
fine tubes with single layer walls can be producedfine tubes with single layer walls can be produced
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Alternate method of preparing singleAlternate method of preparing single--walledwalled
nanotubes was described by Smallys group innanotubes was described by Smallys group in
19961996
Similar to the method of preparing C60Similar to the method of preparing C60
Involves laser vaporization of graphiteInvolves laser vaporization of graphite
Resulted in high yield of singleResulted in high yield of single--walled tubeswalled tubes
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This tubes had a tendency to form aligned bundlesThis tubes had a tendency to form aligned bundles
These bundles are called nanotube ropesThese bundles are called nanotube ropes
Synthesis of nanotube ropes gave an important boostSynthesis of nanotube ropes gave an important boost
to nanotube researchto nanotube research
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Cooling processCooling process
micro scale ion driven air flowmicro scale ion driven air flow
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Voltage is passed into the electrodes, causingVoltage is passed into the electrodes, causing
the negatively charged nanotubes to dischargethe negatively charged nanotubes to discharge
electrons towards the positively chargedelectrons towards the positively charged
electrodeselectrodes
The electrons react with surrounding air ,The electrons react with surrounding air ,
causing the air molecules to be ionized just ascausing the air molecules to be ionized just as
electrons in the atmosphere ionizedelectrons in the atmosphere ionized
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This ionization of air leads to an imbalance ofThis ionization of air leads to an imbalance ofchargecharge
It will result in lightning boltsIt will result in lightning bolts
The ionized air molecules cause currentsThe ionized air molecules cause currents
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nano lightning processnano lightning process
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They are switching at the right frequency soThey are switching at the right frequency so
that the ion cloud is constantly movingthat the ion cloud is constantly movingforwardforward
While moving forward they make repeatedWhile moving forward they make repeated
collisions with neutral molecules producingcollisions with neutral molecules producing
the breezethe breeze
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pumping regionpumping region
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Contains electrodes made of many seriesContains electrodes made of many series
Each series contains three electrodesEach series contains three electrodes
The first in the series is the most positivelyThe first in the series is the most positively
followed by an electrode switchingfollowed by an electrode switching
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The voltages from one electrode to the nextThe voltages from one electrode to the next
causes the charges that has a less positivecauses the charges that has a less positivecharge and then a third electrode that ischarge and then a third electrode that is
negative to move forward which in turn movesnegative to move forward which in turn moves
the ion cloudsthe ion clouds
The entire design will be integrated into a chipThe entire design will be integrated into a chip
,that is 10mm by 10mm,that is 10mm by 10mm
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Cool chipsCool chips
Cool chips are compact electronic devicesCool chips are compact electronic devicessimilar in appearance with computer chipssimilar in appearance with computer chips
When electric current is applied , one side ofWhen electric current is applied , one side ofthe chip become hot and other become coldthe chip become hot and other become cold
cool chipscool chips
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Present cooling methodsPresent cooling methods
Large passive heat sinksLarge passive heat sinks
CPU cooling fansCPU cooling fans
PC water cooling systemPC water cooling system
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Large passive heat sinkLarge passive heat sink
Heat sinks are heavy pieces of aluminium withHeat sinks are heavy pieces of aluminium with
large fines or spikes on it .Heat sinks disburse the heat fromlarge fines or spikes on it .Heat sinks disburse the heat from
the CPU ,but they are the most rudimentary solutionthe CPU ,but they are the most rudimentary solutionavailable . While they are reliable they may not be effectiveavailable . While they are reliable they may not be effective
CPU cooling fansCPU cooling fansCooling fans are the most popular coolingCooling fans are the most popular cooling
method of processor cooling. Fans are more effective thanmethod of processor cooling. Fans are more effective thanheat sinksheat sinks
PC water cooling systemPC water cooling systemPC water cooling system is like radiators forPC water cooling system is like radiators for
computer cases.They have two draw backs
.computer cases
.They have two draw backs
.
1.1. They are quite expensiveThey are quite expensive
2.2. If they crack system is shotIf they crack system is shot
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AdvantagesAdvantages
The creation as well as cooling is allThe creation as well as cooling is all
happening on one chiphappening on one chip
If the method can be perfected , it willIf the method can be perfected , it will
introduce a major new cooling technology forintroduce a major new cooling technology forlaptop and desktop computers that are quietlaptop and desktop computers that are quiet
,low cost and reliable,low cost and reliable
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The ion driven cooling device represent a wayThe ion driven cooling device represent a way
to increase cooling capacity in laptops,to increase cooling capacity in laptops,meaning they could use higher performancemeaning they could use higher performance
chips that generate too much heat for currentchips that generate too much heat for current
laptopslaptops
More than one of the devices can be placed onMore than one of the devices can be placed on
a single chip, multiplying the degree of coolinga single chip, multiplying the degree of cooling
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