Navy Personnel Research and Development Center San Diego, CA 92152-6800 TN-90- 30 JuWy 1990 flfI~~'ECONY II N Computer-based N• Instruction Authoring Tols-System (CATS): Lesson Maintenance Vol N. Hutton Michael R. Flaningam Barbara Tarker Ann Rybowlak Susan Sulzbach Mark Lyon Brian Thomason DTC "",~1 CTb ECT r • \AUG2 41990 D Aprove4d for public release; distribution is unlimited. 90 0 8 23 041:
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Navy Personnel Research and Development CenterSan Diego, CA 92152-6800 TN-90- 30 JuWy 1990
flfI~~'ECONYII
N Computer-basedN• Instruction Authoring Tols-System (CATS):
Lesson Maintenance
Vol N. Hutton
Michael R. FlaningamBarbara TarkerAnn Rybowlak
Susan SulzbachMark Lyon
Brian Thomason
DTC"",~1 CTb ECT
r • \AUG2 41990 D
Aprove4d for public release; distribution is unlimited.
90 0 8 23 041:
NPRDC-TN-90-30 July 1990
Computer-based Instruction Authoring Tools &ystem (CATS):Lesson Maintenance
Vel N. HultonMichael R. Flaningam
Barbara TarkerAnn Rybowiak
Navy Personnel Research and Development Center
and
Susan SulzbachMark Lyon
Brian ThomasonSystems Engineering Associates, San Diego
Accession For
Reviewed and released by DTIIC TABA
Steven L. Dockstader U!Main oriced []Director, Organizational Systems Department Ju:A;t ficatio
DI stribution/
Availability Codes
Approved for public release; A vi 11 an-d/or-distibution is unlimited. ;DI t Special
Navy Personnel Research and Development CenterSan Diego, California 92152-6800
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE ;For ApprovedI OMS No. 0704-0188
Pablic xpuozirh burden for this dUection of ifontrmation im estimatad to avmuge I how per zpme, ienalding the time for reviewing inammtions, sazhu* ei,•tng data saurc., sahe-tgand maintaizWu the data needee, and compleaig and eviewing the olIlectu•n ofinformation. send commta regardin this bhadit urnate or my othm aspect of tis cdleetow oinfounation,including snmaiom for reducang this buden. to Wushmgtom Heaiqurmst Sevicc, Dizecttmtc fr lnfoamation opeations and Reporta, 1215 Jo wDmou vis Hitghway, Suiit 1204, Arling-twn VA 22202-4302, and to the Offioc of Manageanmt and Budge, Paparwozk Reduction Project (004-01 U), Washington DC 20503.
1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blan) I 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATE COVERED1 July 1990 Tech. Note-Jan 1989-Jun 1990
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5. FUNDING NUMBERS
Computer-based Instruction Authoring lools •ystem (CATS): Program Element 0604722ALesson Maintenance
6. AUTHOR(S)V. N. Huhoa, N. R. Fl1ingam. B. Tarktr, A. Rybowiak. S. Sulzbach. M. Lyon, & B. U,7maoon
7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATIONNavy Pezsonnel Research and Development Center REPORT NUMBERSan Diego, California 92152-6800 NPRDC-TN-90-30
9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSORING/MONITORINGDeputy Chief of Naval Operations (MPT) AGENCY REPORT NUMBERAssistant for Planning and Technology Development (OP-01 B2)Washington, DC 20301
11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTESSee also NPRDC TN-90-27, TN-90-28, AND TN-90-29.
12a. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT 12b. DISTRIBUTION CODEApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words)This publication is one of three technical notes that supplement the CATS (.omputer-_Based Instruction Authoring Iools.Sstem)
user's manual. This document describes the lesson maintenance system and details procedures for its use. Intended readers are CATSauthors and instructional developers who update CATS courseware.
14. SUBJECT TERMS IS. NUMBER OF PAGESComputer-based instruction. CBI, computer-based instruction authoring tools system. 68CATS, transportable education. authoring system, cou'seware maintenance, interactive software 16. PRICE CODE
17. SECURITY CLASSIFICA- 18. SECURITY CIASSIFICA- 119. SECURITY CLASSIFiCA- 20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACTTION OF REPORT TI ON OF THIS PAGE I TION OF ABSTRACTUNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED IUNCLASSIFID UNLIMITED
NSN 7540-01-280-5500 Standard Form 298 (Rev. 2-89)Prescribed by ANSI Std Z39- 18
FOREWORD
This technical note supplements the Computer-Based Instruction Authoring Tools ýystem(CATS) user's manual (NPRDC Tech. Note 90-27). It is intended for instructional developers whoupdate CATS coturseware.
a-SCTS is a government-owned set of software tools for constructing and presenting interactivecourseware on a personal computer. It was developed by Systems Engineering Associates (SEA),San Diego, through a series of contracts with the Navy Personnel Research and DevelopmentCenter (NAVPERSRANDCEN). CATS has continued to evolve because of the relative ease withwhich a government-owned system can be modified and enhanced to meet the needs of newgovernment projects.
This publication is one of three technical notes that supplement the user's manual. Thisdocument describes the lesson maintenance system. A second report addresses the presentationsystem using a prototype software program called Lesson Manager (NPRDC Tech. Note 90-28).A third report is intended for students who are taking the computer-based version of the DefenseSystems Management College's Funds Management and Tools for Program Management lessons.The objective of this effort was to provide instructions for the use of the disks that the students aregiven to run each lesson (NPRDC Tech. Note 90-29).
4)
These three reports werý prepared by SEA and NAVPERSRANDCEN as part, of the Guidelinesfor Transportable Education and Training (GTET) project. The Joint Services Manpower andTraining Systems Development Program funded the project through Program Element 0604722A.The primary objective of GTET is to develop guidelines for transportable education and trainingthat can be used by those who wish to develop and implement transportable instructional packages.These supplemental reports support that objective.
Questions regarding this work can be directed to Dr. Michael R. Flaningam, Code 162,Organizational Systems Department, Navy Personnel Research and Development Center, (619)553-0554 or AUTOVON !553-0554. Requests for system software should be addressed to Dr. KirkJohnson, Code 14, Nav'y Personnel Research and Development Center, (619) 553-7702 orAUTOVON 553-7702.
STEVEN L. DOCKSTADERDirector, Organizational Systems Department
v
SUMMARY
Background
The Computer-Based Instruction Authoring 3:ools S.ystem (CATS) was developed undercontract for the Navy Personnel Research and Development Center. The objective of this effortwas to create and test low-cost computer-based instructional systems. CATS proved to be themeans to that end. CATS has continued to evolve because of the relative case with which agovernment-owned system can be modified and enhanced to meet the emerging needs of newgovernment work,
System Capabilities
CATS materials can be delivered on Zenith 100 series microcomputers and IBM PC/XT/AT-compatible microcomputers operating under MS-DOS (Microsoft disk operation1 system).Materials can be authored on these same machines as well as on VAX and Sun computers operatingunder UNIX. Materials can be authored and compiled on one type of machine and delivered onanother type. There are separate versions of the delivery software for machines with Z-100, CGA,EGA, Tecmar, and Visage graphics boards.
The system provides drivers for a Microsoft compatible mouse, a MicroTouch touch screen,and an Hitachi VIP9500 videodisc player (all are optional). Additional drivers can be developedand added to the system at minimal cost.
The courseware is controlled by a series of storyboards. The storyboard is the building blockof the CATS system. It is a block of text that specifies what the computer should display in aparticular screen image, how it should react to student responses to that screen image, and anythingelse it should do while the image is displayed. Storyboards can be written with any wordprocessing program that can save files in an unformatted ASCII text mode. Still graphics can bedeveloped with any graphics program, provided the graphic can be captured by Dr. Halo, a graphicssoftware program for IBM-compatible computers. Animation can be provided by severalcommercial animation software packages.
CATS software does two things. First, it compiles text files, reducing them to a more compactform. This is done before the lesson is presented to the student. Second, it interprets -.he compiledfiles, creating the commands that actually control the computer while the lesson is being presentedto the student.
There are no prompts or menus to aid the author during lesson developmep!. In fact, CAl'S isnot active while the storyboards are being written. Repetitive features of a lesson, ranging fromparts of a storyboard to a series of complete storyboards, can be readily copied from one part of thelesson to another or from special templates created by the author.
lIdentification of 9pecific equipment and software is for documentation only and does not imply endorsement.
vii
Users
The system cnii be used without fee by any activity of the Federal Government or by anycontractor who is developing instructional materials for exclusive use by the Federal Government.
Documentation
Three technical notes have becn written to supplement the CATS user's manual (NPRDC Tech.Note 90-27). This report focuses on maintenance of CATS courseware. A second report concernsthe presentation system and the use of a prototype software program called Lesson Manager(NPRDC Tech. Note 90-28). The third supplemental report is a guide for students who are takingthe computer-based version of the Defense Systems Management College's Funds Managementand Tools for Program Management lessons (NPRDC Tech. Note 90-29). The objective of thiseffort was to provide instructions for the use of the disks that the students are given to run eachlesson.
Future Efforts
The user's manual will continue to be revised as changes are made to CATS. Users are urgedto contact either the Defense Technical Information Center, Building #5, Cameron Station,Alexandria, Virginia 22304-6145, or Code 14, Navy Personnel Research and Development Center,about updated versions.
viii
CONTENTS
Page
INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 1
W HAT IS THIS M ANUAL ABOUT?. ............................................................................. 1W HO W ILL USE THIS M ANUAL? .............................................................................. 1
LESSON MAINTENANCE SYSTEM COMPONENTS .................................................... 2
CATS COURSEWARE FILE ORGANIZATION ........................................................... 2CATS COURSEWARE FILE DESCRIPTIONS ............................................................ 6
Storyboard Files ........................................................................................................ 6Purpose of Storyboard Files ................................................................................ 6How Storyboard Files Are Created ...................................................................... 7W here Storyboard Files Are Located .................................................................. 7
Graphic Files ............................................................................................................. 7Purpose of Graphic Files ..................................................................................... 7How Graphic Files Are Created ........................................................................... 8W here Graphic Files Are Located ....................................................................... 8
Anim ation Files ......................................................................................................... 9Purpose of Anim ation Files ................................................................................ 9How Anim ation Files Are Created ..................................................................... 9W here Anim ation Files Are Located ................................................................... 9
CATS Variable File (CVARS) ................................................................................... 10Purpose of the CATS Variable File ...................................................................... 10How the CATS Variable File is Created ............................................................ 10W here the CATS Variable File is Located ........................................................... 10
Batch Files .................................................. 10Purpose of Batch Files ......................................................................................... 10How Batch Files Are Created ............................................................................. 12W here Batch Files Are Located ....................................................................... 12
Segm ent Files ............................................................................................................ 14Purpose of Segm ent Files .................................................................................... 14How Segm ent Files Are Created ......................................................................... 14W here Segment Files Are Located ...................................................................... 14
Profile Files ................................................................................................................ 16Purpose of Profile Files ........................................................................................ 16How Profile Files Are Created ............................................................................. 17W here Piofile Files Are Located ......................................................................... 17
DIR Files .................................................................................................................... 17Purpose of DIR Files ............................................................................................ 17How DIR Files Are Created ................................................................................ 17W here Profile Files Are Located ......................................................................... 17
ix
Page
LESSON MAINTENANCE SYSTEM PROCEDURES ...................................................... 19
THE MATERIAL YOU HAVE ....................................................................................... 19INSTALLING TIHE COURSEWARE FILES ................................................................ 20MAKING PRESENTATION DISKS .............................................................................. 20
Making Copies of Presentation Disks ........................................................................ 20Updating Presentation Disks ...................................................................................... 21Making Courseware Distributable ........................................................................... 23
CHANGING COURSEWARE ........................................................................................ 23A Helpful Hint: Back Up Your Courseware Directory Tree ..................................... 23Making Changes to Courseware ................................................................................ 24Changes That DO NOT Affect BUILD and QBUILD Batch Files ........................... 25Changes That DO Affect BUILD and QBUILD Batch Files .................................... 27Adding or Removing a Storyboard File .................................................................... 27Adding a Directory to the Courseware Directory Tree .............................................. 27Removing a Directory from the Courseware Directory Tree .................................... 27
G L O SSA R Y ........................................................................................................................... 37
APPENDIX A--HOW BUILD. BAT and QBUILD. BAT WORK .................... A-0
APPENDIX B--HOW DISTRIB. BAT WORKS ................................................................. B-0
APPENDIX C--HANDLING PRESENTATION DISK SIZE CONSTRAINTS .................. C-0
DISTRIBUTION LIST
LIST OF TABLES
1. U pdating Presentation D isks ................................................ ......................................... 23
2. Making a Portion of the Courseware Distributable ........................................................ 24
3. Types of Courseware Changes that DO or DO NOT Affect theBUILD and QBUILD Batch Files ............................................................................... 25
4. Altering a Storyboard in a Storyboard File ..................................................................... 26
5. A dding a Storyboard File ................................................................................................. 28
6. Rem oving a Storyboard File ............................................................................................. 31
7. Adding a Directory to the Courseware Directory Tree .......................... 33
8. Removing a Directory from the Courseware Directory Tree .......................................... 35
x
Page
LIST OF FIGURES
1. CATS courseware is organized using outlines .............................................................. 3
2. MS-DOS directory trees organize CATS courseware files ........................................... 4
3. Sample outline (a) and corresponding directory tree (b) ............................................. 5
4. Storyboard file location for question 1 through question 10 ........................................ 7
5. Graphic file location for question I through question 10 ............................................. 8
6. Animation file location for question 10 ....................................................................... 9
7. CATS variable file (CVARS) location in a sample coursewaredirectory tree ................................................................................................................. 11
8. BUI LD. BAT and QBUI LD. BAT file locations in a sampledirectory tree ................................................................................................................. 12
9. D I STRIB. BAT file locations in a sample directory tree ............................................. 13
10. Pro•,icing segment files with the CATS compiler (CATSC) ....................................... 15
11. Producing package segment files with CATS C ............................................................ 15
12. Hlow segment files can be used to package many small lessonsegments into a single larger segment ......................................................................... 16
13. How profile files reside in the same directory as the segmentfiles they identify ......................................................................................................... 18
14. DIR files are created in the directories where a segment file is presented ................... 18
15. Example of how the label on a source disk can indicate the directorywhere all files on the disk belong ................................................................................. 21
16. Courseware in directories that contain the DISTRIB. BAT file can
be distributed ................................................................................................................. 22
17. Each BUILD . BAT file, from the directory containing the new storyboardto the topmost directory in the CBI directory tree, must be updated ............................ 30
18. Adding a directory to the courseware directory tree ................................................... 32
xi
INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS THIS MANUAL ABOUT?
This document describes the maintenance of computer-based instruction developed by the NavyPersonnel Research and Development Center (NPRDC) using the Computer-based Instruction Au-thoring _Tools .ystem (CATS).
Presentation and maintenance of CATS courseware are controlled by two different systems.
1. The lesson presentation system allows CATS courseware to be presented to students.CATS lessons can be installed and presented by using a lesson management software programcalled Lesson Manager. Procedures for using Lesson Manager are described in Computer-BasedInstruction 6uthoring Tools..ystem (CATS): Lesson Presentation (NPRDC Tech. Note 90-28).CATS lessons can also be installed and presented without using this special software. Proceduresfor installing and presenting CATS lessons without Lesson Manager are given in fomputer-BasedInstruction Authoring Tools System (CATS): Student Guide (NPRDC Tech. Note 90-29).
2. The lesson maintenance system allows CATS instructional developers to create presen-tation disKs and to update CATS courseware. The lesson maintenance system is a central reposi-tory for all CATS courseware. This document describes the lesson maintenance system anddetails procedures for its use.
WHO WILL USE THIS MANUAL?
This publication supplements the CATS user's manual (NPRDC TN-90-27) and is intended to beused by instructional developers who are experienced computer users and CATS authors. Thesepersonnel should already understand:
"• How to use common MS-DOS commands (i.e., copy, rm)"* The difference between MS-DOS files and directories"• How to create and name MS-DOS files"• How to use, create, and change MS-DOS tree-structured directories"* How to use, create, and change MS-DOS batch files"* How to use floppy disks"• How to use a full-screen text editor or word processor"* How to create CATS storyboards"• How touse CATSC, CATSM, andCATSVIEW"• What a CATS profile file is
To help the reader in understanding the concepts and terminology associated with CATS, a glos-sary is included at the end of the report.
LESSON MAINTENANCE SYSTEM COMPONENTS
The lesson maintenance system consists of the following components:
1. Hardware:
Zenith 100 series and IBM PC/XT/AT-compatible microcomputersLow-density floppy disk drive
2. System Software:
MS-DOSCATS system filesWord processorGraphics editorAnimation editor
3. CATS Courseware. The files used to create and present computer-based instruction (CBI)with the CATS:
Storyboard filesGraphic filesAnimation filesCATS variable filesBatch filesSegment filesProfile filesDIR files
This document addresses details about the system's coursewait only. The CATS user's mandal of-fers detailed information about the system's hardware and software.
CATS COURSEWARE FILE ORGANIZATION
During the early stages of courseware development, the courseware developer creates an instruc-tional outline for the courseware material. Figure 1 illustrates a partial outline dividing sample in-structional material into three lessons on the subject of word processing to be presented as CBIusing the CATS. Each lesson is divided into topics, and each topic into drill, practice, and test com-ponents. Each drill is divided into questions.
2
1 .CBI Training: Word Processing
1.1 Lesson: GeftingStarted1.1.a Topic: Running the Prcgram
1.1.1.1 Drill
1.1.1.1.1 Question 11.1.B.1.2 Question 2
1.1.a.1.10 Question 101.1.S.2 Practice
1.1.8.3 Test
1.1 .b Topic: Creating a File
1.1 .c Topic: Saving a File
1.2. Lesson: Creating Documents
1.3. Lesson: Advanced Techniques
Figure 1. CATS courseware is organized using outlines.
CBI requires a very detailed outline of its instructional material.
CATS courseware files are stored on the system's hard disk. Hundreds of courseware files may berequired to create and present moderate-to-large CATS lessons. These files are organized on thehard disk using an MS-DOS directory tree whose structure is based on the courseware's instruc-tional outline.
Figure 2 shows a diagram of the MS-DOS directory tree for the material in Figure 1. Each box rep-resents a directory. Each box contains the directory name and the item's name found in the outline(Figure 1).
3
The first row in Figure 2 contains a single directory that corresponds to the first level in the outlinein Figure 1. The second row of directories corresponds to the second level of items (lessons) in theoutline. The third row of dirncories corresponds to the third level of items (topics) in the outline.The lowest level of items in the outline are files. The names attachtd to the directory called DRI ,LLare files that correspond to the most subordinate items of lesson I in the outline (i.e., the drill ques-tions). (Owing to DOS limitations on file name length, die names of directories and files may haveto be abbreviated forms of the outline names.)
1. Lssn:Gog ww1L.2 Leean: 0aftDommwi~m 1.3 Lessuon: Advan~ced Tec~nqaie
I
jC4P40AESSONU1TOPICIA CW. PLE IITIOPIC1IB 7*"MPLESSONfl1VPICIC
1.I.*TOPIc: ROW,4~r~tEn I 1.1bTopc: Cirmiqra Jr I..C Topic: SrviaFleIM= It I_ M __ 1
C00OMIMIIW" C. 0FC0 L10W0ICAV4V= C WAXPSSONnTOPICIAXTEST1.1i Dri -
Figure 2. MS-DOS directory trees organize CATS courseware files.
4
Figure 3 shows another outline and its corresponding directory bee. This figure suggests that itemsin an outline do not need to be called lessons, topics, etc. They can be called anything, as long asit's done in a consistent, systematic way. For example, items in the second level are called courses,whereas items in the second level of Figure 1 are called lessons.
1. CBI Training: USLkHby
1.1. Cwre: The 1N4m Gut
1.1.1 Lesson: 1700- 17491.1.1.6 Insmollen
1.1.1..1e TmhneI 1ren
1.1.14 Review
1.I.I.e Test
1.1.2 Lise n: 1750- 1799
1.2. Cowus: The liM CMiar
(a)
A I 01.1S.. e* 170- 171010
C(AL"MMAENEWMITTaOLOaE 1JEIUM MIAo v I' TCOUAIhE t.EUON •TE3T
SF 1..1.1 1.1.1.4 Tot
Lwf
(b)
Figure 3. Sample outline (a) and corresponding directory tree (b).
I I I 5
CATS COURSEWARE FILE DESCRIPTIONS
The previous section described how to outline and organize course material using an MS- DOS di-rectory tree on the computer's hard disk. In this section the underlying files used to create andpresent this course material are discussed.
There are two types of courseware files:
1. Source files are computer files used to create and maintain CBI using CATS. Storyboardfiles, graphic files, animation files, CATS variable files, and batch files are source files.
2. Presentation files are computer files used to present CBI using CATS. Segment files, pro-file files, DIR files, graphic files, and animation files are. presentation files.
Note: Graphic files and animation files are both source and presentation files.
Storyboard Files
Purpose of Storyboard Files
Storyboard files are source files that contain the basic building blocks of the lesson. They containinformation that controls:
1. What the student sees on the screen during the CBI. One storyboard file may containseveral screens of information. For example, a storyboard file that presents a question might con-tain a question screen, a feedback screen for correct answers, and a feedback screen for incorrectanswers.
2. How the CBI will react to student responses. For example, a storyboard may branch to afeedback screen if the student gives an incorrect answer to a question.
3. The lesson support files used by the CBI. For example, a storyboard may display the con-tents of a graphic file on the screen.
4. What data are collected by the CBI. For example, a storyboard may save test scores in atext file for later use by the instructor.
6
How Storyboard Files Are Created
Storyboard files are text files that are created using a word processor (also called a text editor). TheCATS user's manual contains detailed information about how to create storyboard files.
Where Storyboard Files Are Located
Storyboard files are located in subdirectories at the bottom of the courseware's directory tree.
Figure 4 illustrates a portion of the directory tree from Figure 1, showing storyboard files for ques-tion 1 through question 10.
. ..W ...P'iLE$SO flTOPIQ1 MDR L ... N ...... ... . .... .I.. ..
Figure 4. Storyboard tile location for question 1 through question 10.
Graphic Files
Purpose of Graphic Files
Graphic files are both source files and presentation files. Graphic images are used by storyboardfiles to enhance CBI. Graphic files contain graphic images that can be displayed on a computerscreen.
7..
... .. .. .. ..... .. .. .. .. .... ......... ..
Two types of graphic files are used by the CATS: Full-screen files and cut files. Full-screen filescontain graphic images that are displayed on a full computer screen. These files automatically havea suffix of . P I C. Cut files contain graphic images that are displayed on a part of the computerscreen. These files automatically have a suffix of . CUT.
The CATS user's manual contains more detailed information about how to display graphic imagesin CATS courseware (see the Displaying Screen Images section).
How Graphic Files Are Created
Graphic files are produced using a graphics software program (also called a graphics editor) suchas "Dr. Halo" or "PC-Paintbrush."
Where Graphic Files Are Located
Graphic files reside in the same directories as the storyboard files that use them. For example, ifstoryboard QUE S1 displays a full-screen graphic called QUE S1 . PI C, then that graphic fileshould reside in the same directory as QUE S 1.
Figure 5 shows the locations of the graphic files used by the storyboards for question 1 throughquestion 10 in the word processing lesson. (in this figure and in some later figures, the list of graph-ic files is separated from the list of storyboard files. This separation is used to make the figure easierto understand. There is really no separation of file lists in a directory on the hard disk.)
.--.:::':'::::.:"......-.. =..=.== == ======================== ==== ==== ==== .== ..=. .=========== =...= ==...========= =========== : :::.::: : ::.: ================ ====== i :'~ ~~ :••ii••:ii!:.:. :.S ':: - :- : . : : < . . === == == = ============= ==== ======= === =========
- .... ... ....: !:•i:: i •::•:•- :•:i• i•! ::~~• i•:::•-i•:••:!~~•7•:i :- ;• :• i ! ii li i ::i i~ • • •i ; i~i : : • i! •~ ii ~ i : i •~ ii i i : ;~ !i.• i! .. • i• ....... ....... ......... .. .... .. ..- ... : ;• i •! •. .: : .. ....... .. .. ....•: .:!•
!::.};:•:i!? ::~~ ............•:: ....:i.:::ii!i::iiii:•:.:: ...::::::::::::::: :::: .-..:•:!::• ....::~::ii~:::::i:i :•:• •••:•••::ii:i::i~i; ;~•i.i~ .....• .;: ..........:....;••:i•i:•,.:) •;i::::: .~:!;i:•:i?:: .i•i••::i•ii:::•• !i:•;:•! :i!!!i: • " ::: • : ::::::::::::::::::::::::::-.i .. ........ X .: :
.:: ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ . ... ... ...i~ . .. !ii!•i• •~••:•••• i .•. ....... ..i::::? ::-' . ..:- ...:..:::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: - "'••: :"::: -. ; -•:::.: • i = -.. S- :$ =: :.MM: •:•::i:!::ii:.::::::::::::!i:::::::i :::: :i:! f:.:::i:::::::- :ii.:!: :::: ::i :-:i.:::::. :: ::i:li..:.:::••i: .: • i i.~ i.i!.~ !.!iii~ ~~i? ••• •~i!i:!:i:i:i.::: i : {-!.::~•.: ::!:i:::i:.:Y l•:!::••~i: :!::! :: : ::iii.:•:i: :: .::::
...... e 5 ..r p i fi l ........ .... ....io .. th r u g .............
Animation Files
Purpose of Animation Files
Animation files are both source and presentation files and contain animated graphic sequences. Thefile name extensions for these files are either. PRO or . TXT.
How Animation Files Are Created
Animation files are created using an animation software program (also called an animation editor)such as "Show Partner" or "Grasp."
Where Animation Files Are Located
Like graphic files, animation files reside in the same directories as the storyboard files that usethem. Figure 6 shows the locations of the animation and graphic files used by the storyboards forquestion 1 through question 10 under one topic in the word processing lesson.
Fiue6I nmto ielcto for questione 10. a3Ts
9I
. . .. . ..
. ..........
Animation~~~~~~~~~~~. file ar oae ihtesoyor ie htOte...
Figur 6. Aimaton fie loatio.for.uestin.10
CATS Variable File (MVARS)
Purpose of the CATS Variable File
By convention, the CATS variable file is named CVARS. CVARS is a source file and is an ASCIItext file that defines the variables that are used by the lesson.
Every author variable used by the coutrseware in the courseware directory tree must be defined inthe CVARS file. Whenever a variable is added or removed from any storyboard in the coursewaredirectory tree, CVARS must be updated to reflect the change, and all the courseware in the directorytree must be recompiled. There must be only one CATS variable file (CVARS) for the coursewaredirectory tree. For more information about the CATS variable file, see the CATS user's manual(Variables File section).
How the CATS Variable File is Created
CVARS is a text file created with a word processor or a text editor.
Where the CATS Variable File is Located
CVARS is always located in the topmost directory of the courseware directory tree. In Figure 7, theCVARS file is located in the WORD?, directory at the top of the courseware directory tree.
Batch Files
Purpose of Batch Files
Batch files ease the process of building segment files (i.e., comprised versions of storyboard files)and presentation disks. They automatically execute the DOS commands that build a segment fileor a set of presentation disks. Batch files are source files.
Batch file names have a suffix of . BAT.
The three types of batch files used in the lesson maintenance system are:
BU I LD. BAT Compiles every storyboard in the directory and all its subdirectories andproduces a package of all segment files in the directory and all its subdi-rectories.
10
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WO WP L~.~f ....MLES ~ ................ . ...
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How Batch Files Are Created
Batch files are text files created with a word processor or text editor.
Where Batch Files Are Located
BUILD.BAT and QBUILD. BAT reside in every directory of the courseware directory tree. .
Figure 8 shows a portion of the courseware directory tree for the word processing example. .BUILD.BAT and QBUILD.BAT batch files are located in every directory.
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The author makes courseware distributable by placing a DISTRIB. BAT file in each directory thatcontains the courseware to be distributed.
InFiguice9,aDISTRIB.13AT file is located in the top directory and in the directories containingcourseware for lesson 1 through lesson 3. As a result, the word processing lessons could be distrib-uted together by building presentation disks in the top directory, or each lesson could be distrib-uted separately by building presentation disks in each lesson directory.
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Figure 9. DISTRIB. BAT file locations in a sample directory tree.
13
Segment Files
Purpose of Segment Files
Segment files are presentation files that compress storyboard files into a single larger file. TwoCATS software programs are used to create presentation files: CAT SC, which compiles storyboardfiles into segment files that are in computer language, and CATSVIEW, which interprets the infor-mation stored in segment files for viewing. Segment files are automatically named with a . SEGsuffix.
How Segment Files Are Created
Segment files are created by the CATS compiler (CAT SC). Courseware developers or maintenanceoperators run each storyboard file through CATSC to check for errors and to produce a segmentfile for presentation.
Figure 10 illustrates how a single segment file is produced from a single storyboard file. The shad-ed box represents the CATS compiler (CATSC). The arrow pointing to the box represents the sto-ryboard file that is input to the compiler. The arrow pointing away from the box represents thesegment file that is created by the compiler. At the top of the figure is the command that would beused to create the segment file. In this example, a storyboard called QUESI is used to produce aquestion segment called QUES1. SEG. In this example, a segment name is not specified in thecommand. As a result, the storyboard file named QUES 1 is used to create the segment file namedQUESI. SEG.
Figure 11 shows how multiple segment files can be compiled to produce a single larger segmentfile. The larger segment contains all of the compressed information from the smaller segments.This is a convenient way of packaging many small lesson segments into a single larger segmentfile. In this example, all the information in segments QUES 1. SEG through QUES 10. SEG is pack-aged into one segment file. In this case, the name DRILL was specified in the command. Therefore,the CATS compiler names the resulting package segment DRILL. SEG.
The CATS user's manual includes more details about how to use CATS C to create segment files(see Compiling and Viewing a Lesson section).
Where Segment Files Are Located
There should be one ,gam,•.t filoe for each oryocr.4 Cl, i;. a; d...... There should bc an. .aditional segment file that is a package containing all storyboard segments in each directory and allsegments from the directory's subdirectories.
14
If you type this DOS Command:
CATSC CUES1
This process will begin:
Input Conversion Output
QUESI_.1- QUESI_.SEG
Figure 10. Producing segment files with the CATS compiler (CATSC).
If you type this DOS Command:
ICATSC DRILL QUES1.SEG QUES2.SEG ... QUES10.SEG
This process will begin:
Input Conversion Output
QUES1 .SEG
QUES2-SEG ATSCDRILILSEG
•UESSEG
Figure 11. Producing package segment files with CATSC.
15
The DRILL directory in Figure 12 contains one segment file for each storyboard file. It also con-tains the additional segment file DRILL. SEG that is a package of all the storyboard segments inthe directory.
The TOPIClA directory contains the segment TOP IC1A. SEG. This is a package that containsDRILL. SEG from the DRILL subdirectory, PRACT. SEG from the PRACT subdirectory, andTEST.SEG fromthe TEST subdirectory.
...... SE ...... .e......s fo: ..::.: • .............. : .: .. .. . .... ::. . ..: . .... ... ..... .. ...s ~ .. ... .... ..... .......... .ii~i~ii~i.. . .,
Figure 12. How segment files can be used to package many small lesson seg-ments into a single larger segment.
Profile Files
Purpose of Profile Files
Profile files are presentation files. The purpose of a profile file is to tell the CATSVIEW programwhich segment file to use when presenting CBI. To find the correct segment file, CAT SVIEW willalways look for a file called PROFILE .CAT and then read its contents. The contentsof P ROFIZLE . CAT identify which segment file CAT SVIEW uses to present CBI. Profile files arealways named PROFILE. CAT by CATSC.
16
How Profile Files Are Created
CATSC (the CATS compiler) creates a PROFILE. CAT file whenever it builds a segment file.The profile file contains the name of the most recent segment file that CAT SC built in the directo-Iy. If CATSC is used twice in the same directory to produce two separate segment files, the profilefile that identifies the segment that was built first will be overwritten by the profile file that iden-tifies the segment file that was built second.
Where Profile Files Are Located
A PROFILE. CAT file resides in the same directory as the segment files it identifies.
If a profile file is in a directory that contains more than one segment, the profile file will identifythe most recently created segment. There is only one PROF I LE. CAT file in each directory.
Figure 13 shows the locations of the profile riles that identify the most recently built segment filesin the TOP ICIA directory and the DRILL directory.
DIR Files
Purpose of DIR Files
DIR files are presentation files that are used by CAT SVIEW to locate information in a segment file.DIR file names always end with a .D IR extension.
How DIR Files Are Created
DIR files are automatically created the first time CAT SVIEW is executed. If the DIR file is present,CATSVIEW will start faster. If the DIR file has been removed or is out of date, it will be built againthe next time CATSVIEW is executed.
Where DIR Files Are Located
DIR files are created in the directories where a segment file is presented with CATSVIEW. InFigure 14, the TOPIC1A directory contains aDIR file called TOP IC1A. DIR. This DIR file wascreated when CATSVIEW presented TOPIC1A.SEG. There is Jso a DIR file calledDRILL.DIR in the DRILL directory. This DIR file was created when DRILL. SEG waspresented with CATSVIEW.
17
C WORDIRUSO#41TOP11ICA
-TOPICIA.SEG
-PRO0FlLE.CA:T] PoieMthtdnifs TOPIC I ASEG.since it Is f only segment built In the
SC'MORMPLE$6ONUITOPICIAWA~LL CAWORDN.ESON IMPIC1ANPRACT ONWQDLSORIPUSMTOPICI AITEST
- CS UES? -SEQ
0U82 OUFeaSEt3
-CILES11.PIC-CUES2 CUT IProfile fila that Identifies the most recently
OUESO.PIO POFILCAT WARl sagment filo In the DRILL directory.
Figure 13. How profile riles reside in the same directory as the segment riles they identify.
TOPIC IA.DI1Rj TOPIC IA.SEG was presented
C,%WRON.%ESONt4?T1ACtA~DiU. CW,'ORDP'4ESSONIMTPIC11 APRACT OW"OP".E9OMIT~vOP101 ATEZST
OUESIO - UES1.SEGQUES2 QUlC5E
-OU)ESZCUT PFL DIR file that was created whenI -DRILL .DIR DRILL..SEG was presented
-OUESIO PRO, with CATSVIEW-
Figure 14. DIR rilies are created in the directories where a segment rile is presented.
LESSON MAINTENANCE SYSTEM PROCEDURES
This section describes the lesson maintenance system procedures that allow CATS courseware in-structional developers to install the courseware onto the lesson maintenance system, to create pre-sentation disks, and to change CATS courseware.
As the courseware developer, you probably received the CATS courseware on floppy disks and arenow responsible for:
0 Installing the courseware onto the lesson maintenance system.
* Distributing the courseware to students.
0 Changing the courseware to meet new requirements requested by instructors or students.
This document is intended to help ycu accomplish this with as little trouble as possible. First, we'lldiscuss the materials with which you'll be working, then we'll discuss the steps of installing, dis-tributing, and changing the courseware.
THE MATERIAL YOU HAVE
You most likely received the courseware in several sets of floppy disks:
1. Presentation disks used to present courseware to students. (These disks are probably la-beled "Disk 1," "Disk 2," etc.)
2. Source disks that contain the source files used to develop the courseware. (These disks areprobably labeled "Source Files" or "Storyboard Files" and name the courseware involved.)
You probably also received a hardcopy courseware directory for each lesson illustrating thecourseware directory tree that is used to organize the courseware files. The courseware directorywill help you visualize the organization of the courseware files on the source and presentation disksand in your lesson maintenance system.
After receiving the source disks, you will most likely want to install the source files onto your les-son maintenance system's hard disk. The next section, Installing the Courseware Files, covers theprocedures for doing this.
Next, you may want to distribute courseware. This means that you will have to make copies of yourpresentation disks. The procedures for copying and updating these disks are discussed in the sec-tion ahead called Making Presentation Disks.
Eventually you may need to make a variety of changes to the courseware. Courseware content maychange, an instructor may want to shift emphasis from one point to another, or you may want toadd or delete information. Changing courseware is probably the most complicated task you willhave to do. The procedures for changing courseware are in the Changing Courseware section.
19
INSTALLING THE COURSEWARE FILES
The courseware directory illustrates the courseware directory tree used to organize the source filesin the lesson maintenance system.
For each directory in the courseware directory tree, there should be one or more source disks that
contain all the files belonging in that directory.
To install the source files from the source disks to your hard disk, do the following:
1. Build the courseware directory tee that is used to organize the source files. Do this by usingthe DOS mkdir command. You can use the courseware directory as a "blueprint" of this direc-tory tree.
2. After the courseware directory tree is built, place all the source files in their proper direc-tories. Each source file disk should be labeled with a directory name. All the files on a source filedisk belong in the directory that is on the disk's label. Figure 15 illustrates how the label on thesource file disk indicates the directory where all the files on the disk belong.
Therefore, copy all files of each source file disk into the directory indicated by the disk'slabel.
MAKING PRESENTATION DISKS
Presentation disks contain all the courseware files needed to present the CBI. The following sec-tions discuss:
1. How to make copies of presentation disks you already have.
2, How to update presentation disks to reflect changes made to the courseware.
3. What to do to distribute a portion of the courseware that was not initially made distribut-able.
Making Copies of Presentation Disks
If the courseware has not changed, and if you want to copy some presentation disks, use the DOSDISKCOPY command to make the copies. (Check your DOS manual for specific instructicns onhow to use the DISKCOPY command.)
20
.... .... .. 'AORDPLSSOP1IC1A
'aM~I
.. .. . i~ii.i •:.!i:i :i :• ...i .. . ... ... .. ....... ..... ..... ... "
::..:::.... "..+....:.. .......
Figure.15. E p f
'- ': CAii' :WORM"PLIESSO"N \TOPIC' A "-i••
toTpi: Rynin whe re ral leonteisbeng
Upatn Penai Disks
diretorytreeuEac of. tEseadiretorie shoul cothlaien th DsTurcB .BAT batc findcat that disr~e-
todbuild Presentation Disks.
Froedreape, Figure 16 illstatges reaprtio ofe the dhniretryte foursteword prcesingoxnmle
You would have received a set of presentation disks for the courseware in the directories \ WORDPand LE S SON 1 through LE SS8ON 3, since these are the directories that contain the batch files D I S -TRI B. BAT.
Updating presentation disks consists of using DISTRIB. BAT to rebuild the presentation disks.The procedure for updating presentation disks is given in Table 1.
Note: Before using D 5. S ETRI BAT to update the presentation disks, make sure all of the segmentfiles are current.
21
.. ..ii ..! .i!! .. CA OR P..I .. .. .. I .. .... . ._.. ....-.. ...
::i :::iiii '::•• : ...~i i ! ii •: . ..... ..~ii ! i~ I ! ! i! !•. .. ........ ....... .... .. .l!iiii l : i •:!i i.:•:i:iil ! i:,• , i ! -::, ': •--_ =
~~~~. .i• . ..-........iiil
- -. •... --- - . . ...• . . . . . . . .". . ..... ?; .: .. ' " " ..... .... .... ". " -..... ....
" ". ........ ....... . ......-. .-- .. ....." - ..... " -. ' • :i• : -: : .-: ? :• • .: : .. . . : .. .. .. ... • --: : = : . --
.... ...... .-:•: ::•-: .. .. ... :• = • ::i : .:•• •. .. :. .•• • • .. : :: .• :. • 4 0 : •::.:-::H H . : :
.4 ur 1446.. W.reaei ietre htcoti h ITI .BTfl a....... distribute. .....
....... ..
.......... ... ...2. ...
Table 1
Updating Presentation Disks
Procedure For Updating Presentation Disks
1. Move to the appropriate • Move to the directory in the courseware directorydirectory. tree whosepresentation di sks need to be updated.
2. Type DISTRIB.BAT • Follow the instructions on the screen. Notice thatDISTRIB.BAT should:"• Format the presentation disks (including a
generic student disk)."• Copy the segment files, the graphic and
animation files, and the CATS presentationsoftware files to the presentation disks.
Making Courseware Distributable
Any courseware in the courseware directory tree can become distributable. The presentation disksyou initially received correspond to the portions of the courseware the original developer decidedto make distributable. This section discusses how you can make other portions of the coursewaredistributable.
To make a portion of the courseware distributable, follow the steps in Table 2.
CHANGING COURSEWARE
You will probably want to make changes to the courseware from time to time. Lesson content maychange or an instructor may want to shift emphasis from one point to another. (This documnent cov-ers only those actions that occur before and after a storyboard file is changed. It does not focus onthe process of changing a storyboard file. The CATS user's manual offers detailed informationabout how to create and update a storyboard file.)
A Helpful Hint: Back Up Your Courseware Directory Tree
Before beginning to change the courseware, it is a good idea to make a backup copy of the existingcourseware directory tree and all the source files within it. There are two reasons for this action.First, if you make a mistake when changing courseware, you will be able to use your backup copyto start from scratch. Second, if your hard disk is erased (or something else equally damaging hap-pens), you will be able to rebuild the entire courseware directory tree from the backup copy.
It is also a good idea to make a backup copy of the courseware directory tree when releasing anynew versions of the courseware. Then, if you are asked to alter a previous release of the course-ware, you can rebuild the appropriate version of the courseware directory tree.
23
You must determine the best way to make backup copies. The method you choose will depend onwhich software packages you already have and on the types of tools with which you are most com-fortable. If you have no special backup tool, you can always use the DOS BACKUP and RESTOREfacilities.
Table 2
Making a Portion of the Courseware Distributable
Procedures For Making A Portion Of The Courseware Distributable
1. Create the • Be sure you understand how theDISTRIB.BAT file works. (SeeD I S TRI . BAT batch Appendix B for detailed information detailed informationfile for the part of about DISTRIB. BAT. )the courseware you • Move to the directory that corresponds to the part of thewant distributed. courseware you want to make distributable.
If any of the files in the directory are larger than 360 kilobytes,follow the instructions in Appendix C, Handling PresentationDisk Size Constraints.
• Create a DI STRIB. BAT for the new directory. The easiestway to create a new DISTRIB. BAT file is to alter a copy of anexisting DISTRIB. BAT file. Do this by finding an existingDISTRIB. BAT file and copying it into the directory. Use onethat belongs to a similar directory.
2. Edit the new batch * Edit the new D I STRIB. BAT file with your word processor andfile. revise the DOS commands so they will:
" Copy all the graphic and animation files from the directory andall its subdirectories into the temporary directory calledINSTALL. (Be sure touse*. PIC, *.CUT, and *.PROor * . TXT when copying the graphic and animation files tothe INSTALL directory. That way, you will not have toupdate the DISTRIB. BAT each time you add or remove agraphic or animation file.)
"* Copy the directory's package segment into the INSTALLdirectory.
"* Save the DISTRIB. BAT file as an non-document or ASCIIfile.
3. Test the new batch • Execute the new DI STRIB. BAT file to verify that it copied thefile. directory's package segment as well as all the graphic and
animation files for the directory and its subdirectories to theINSTALL directory.
• Watch for compilation errors.* Use the presentation disks to install the courseware on a
different computer and verify that the courseware works.
Making Changes to Courseware
When making changes, it is important to know which changes will require you to also update theBUILD and QBUILD batch files in the courseware directory tree. Table 3 should help.
24
Table 3
Types of Courseware Changes that DO or DO NOT Affect theBUILD and QBUILD Batch Files
Must BUILD And OBUILD Batch Files Be Updated?Type Of Courseware Change NO YES
Alter a storyboard in a storyboard file X
Add storyboard to a storyboard file X
Remove a storyboard from a storyboard file X
Alter a graphic or animation file X
Add a new graphic or animation file X
Remove a graphic or animation file X
Add a new storyboard file X
Remove a storyboard file X
Add a new directory X
Remove a directory X
Notice that changes made to an existing file require no changes to the BUILD and QBUILD batchfiles. Also, adding or removing a graphic or animation file requires no changes to the batch files.However, if you add or remove a storyboard file, the BUI LD and QBU I LD batch files must be up-dated to reflect the change.
BUILD and QBUILD batch files contain DOS commands that refer to storyboard files. If a story-board file has been added, the storyboard file's name must be added to the appropriate batch files.If a storyboard file has been removed, the storyboard file's name must be removed from the appro-priate batch files.
If any of the files that you create or alter become larger than 360 kilobytes, follow the instructionsgiven in Appendix C, Handling Presentation Disk Size Constraints.
If the changes involve adding or deleting author variables, you must update the CATS variable file(CVARS) and recompile all the courseware in the courseware directory tree.
Changes That DO NOT Affect BUILD and QBUiLD Batch Files
The procedures for making changes that do not affect BUILD and QBUILD batch files are three-fold. They consist of (1) making the change, (2) recompiling the segment, and then (3) testing theresults. The procedure for altering a storyboard in a storyboard file is given in Table 4.
25
Table 4
Altering a Storyboard in a Storyboard File
Procedure For Altering a Storyboard in a Storyboard File
1. Change the storyboard file. • Move to the directory that contains the storyboard file.* Retrieve the storyboard file as a non-document or ASCII file.* Use your word processor to edit the storyboard file.* Save the changed storyboard file as a non-document or
ASCII file.
2. Recompile the segment for • Use CATSC to rebuild the segment file for the storyboardthe storyboard file. file.
* Watch for any compilation errors. If there are such errors,reedit the storyboard file to fix them and then go back to thebeginning of step 2 to rebuild the segment file.
• Check the size of the segment file and any graphic oranimation files that it requires. Graphic or animation fileslarger than 360 kilobytes are currently not distributable. Ifthere are any files larger than 360 kilobytes, you may haveto alter the DI STRIB. BAT file for the directory. Followthe instructions in Appendix C, Handling Presentation DiskSize Constraints.
3. Test the segment for the • Use CATSVIEW to view the new segment file and verifystoryboard file. that the storyboard reflects your alterations.
• Verify that the segment file's screens, branching, datacollection, etc., are correct.
When altering or adding a graphic or animation file, use a graphic or animation editor instead of aword processor. There is no need to "ebuild segments if you have only changed an existing graphicor animation file. However, you should still use CATSVIEW to verify that the altered graphic oranimation file is correct.
When you finish changing the storyboard files in a directory, use QBU I LD .BAT or BUILD. BATto rebuild the directory's package segment, and then use CATSVIEW to test it. You want to makesure that the changes made to each storyboard file will not conflict with other s,:oryboard files inthe directory.
Note: To use QBUILD. BAT, all storyboards must be already compiled with the most current seg-ment files. If all storyboards are not compiled, use BUILD .BAT to create the updated segmentfiles.
After you finish making changes between package segments (i.e., between subdirectories), rebuildthe next highest package segment in the courseware directory tree. You want to be sure your chang-es have not caused conflicts between package segments.
26
Changes That DO Affect BUILD and QBUILD Batch Files
Changes that cause a storyboard file to be added, removed, or renamed will affect the BUILD andQBU ILD batch files. These batch files contain commands that manipulate files in the directory tree.If a storyboard file has been added, the storyboard file name must be added to the appropriate batchfiles. If a storyboard file has been removed, the storyboard file name must be removed from theappropriate batch files. If a storyboard file has been renamed, the original name must be removedand the new name must be added to the appropriate batch files.
Adding or Removing a Storyboard File
The steps for adding a storyboard file are given in Table 5, and an example is illustrated in Figure17. The steps for removing a storyboard file are given in Table 6.
Adding a Directory to the Courseware Directory Tree
Recall that each directory or storyboard file in the courseware directory tree corresponds to an itemin the instructional outline of the courseware material. If you choose to add an item to the outline,you will have to add a directory and/or a storyboard file to the courseware directory tree.
If the new item belongs at the lowest level of the instructional outline (i.e., if it is not divided intoother items), then you have only to add a storyboard file to the appropriate directory in the directorytree. Adding a question to the drill in the word processing example illustrates this type of change.If the new item is divided into other items, you must add a directory and the appropriate numberof storyboard files to the courseware directory tree. Adding an item called "review" that is dividedinto two questions to lesson 1 in the word processing CBI is an example of this type of change andis illustrated in Figure 18.
The procedure for adding a directory to the courseware directory tree is presented in Table 7.
Removing a Directory from the Courseware Directory Tree
If you choose to remove an item from the instructional outline, you may have to remove a directoryfrom the courseware directory tree. If the item you want to remove is not divided into other items,you have only to remove the storyboard file that corresponds to the item. Removing a questionfrom the drill in the word processing example illustrates this type of change. However, if the itemyou want to remove is divided into other items, you must remove the directory and courseware filesthat correspond to the item. Removing the item called "drill" in the word processing example il-lustrates this type of change.
The procedure for removing a directory from the courseware directory tree is presented in Table 8.
27
Table 5
Adding a Storyboard File
Procedure for Adding a Stoyboard File
1. Create the new storyboard file. * Move to the directory that will contain the new storyboard file.• Use your word pmrcessor to create the new storyboard file. Save the
new storyboard file as a non-document or ASCII file.
2. Build the segment for the new . Use CATSC to build a segment for the new storyboard file.storyboard file. • Watch for any compilation errors. If there are such errors, reedit the
storyboard file and then go back to the beginning of step 2 to rebuildthe segment.Check the size of the segment file and any graphic or animation filesthat it requires. Graphic or animation files larger than 360 kilobytesare currently not distributable. If there are any files larger than 360kilobytes, you may have to alter the DISTRIB. BAT file for thedirectory. Follow the instructions in Appendix C, HandlingPresentation Disk Size Constraints.
3. Test the new segment. • Use CATSVIEW to view the new segment and verify that its screens,branches, data collection, etc., are correcL
4. Locate every batch file 4 Determine which batch files should be updated. (Step 4 focuses onaffected by this change. locating the batch files that are affected by adding a storyboard file.
Step 5 covers the changes that should be made to these batch files.)
To locate the affected batch fides:a. Begin in the directory where the new storyboard resides. The
BUILD. BAT and QBUI LD. BAT files in this directory mustbe updated.
b. Move up one directory. The BUILD. BAT batch file in thisdirectory must be updated. Continue to update the BUILD. BATfiles until you reach the topmost directory in the CBI directory tree.
Steps a and b defime a path of directories beginning with the directorywhere the new storyboard resides and continuing to the topmostdirectory in the diretory "tree. Each BUILD. BAT file in this pathmust be updated. In addition, the QBUILD. BAT file in the directorywhere the storyboard resides musst be updated.
For example, Figure 17 illustrates the batch files at each level thatmust be updated if a storyboard called QuES 11 is added to thedirectory DRILL. The highlighted area represents the path from thedirectory containing the new storyboard to the topmost directory in theCBI directory tre. Each BUILD. BAT file along this path must beupdated, In addition, the QBUILD, BAT in the DRILL directorymust be updated.
28
Table 5 (Continued)
Procedure for Adding a Storyboard File
5. Update every batch file • Update each batch file. To do this you must know how the batch fileaffected by this change. works. Appendix A describes in detail how BUILD. BAT and
QBUILD. BAT work.
For cach BUILD. BAT that is affected you should:. Add a command that builds a segment file for the new storyboard
file.0 Add a command that places the storyboard file's segment into the
package segment that resides in the same directory as the newstoryboard file.
For the QBUILD. BAT that is affected you should:* Add a command that places the storyboard file's segment into the
package segment that resides in the same directory as the new story-board file.
6. Test every batch file • Execute each updated batch file and verify that its modifications, screens,affected by this change. data collection, etc., are correct. Check all branch paths in the updated
segment files. Make sure that a storyboard does not branch to an incor-rect or nonexistent event.
* Executing each updated batch will also give you the opportunity to verifythat the new storyboard file does not conflict with the rest of thecourseware in the directory tree.
29
77tso~Oan~~~ ~ e~1Cun~c~ Lei~MiKAcrqo
I... W RP6O~lOi1 ...... SON~T~I ... V~WRPLE$~\TPC
BUILDL.13AT
.... .D B...T.
Figre17.Eah UILD.13AT file frmthUIecoy otinnEtenw tryor
300
Table 6
Removing a Storyboard File
Procedure for Removing a Storyboard File
1. Remove the storyboard file. • Move to the directory that contains the storyboard file.. Remove the storyboard file.
2. Locate every batch file • Determine which batch files should be updated. (Step 2 focusesaffected by this change. on locating the batch files that are affected by removing a storyboard file.
Step 3 covers the changes that should be made to these batch files.) Tolocate the affected batch files:a. Begin in the directory where the storyboard file resided. The
BUILD. BAT and QBUI LD. BAT files in this directory must beupdated.
b. Move up one directory. The BUILD. BAT file in this director), mustbe updated. Continue to update the BUILD. BAT files until youreach the topmost directory in the CBI directory tree.
Steps a and b define a path of directories beginning with the director),where the storyboard resides and continuing to the topmost directoryin the CBI directory tree. Each BUILD. BAT file in this path must beupdated. In addition, the QBUILD. BAT file in the directory where thestoryboard resides must be updated.
3. Update every batch file • Update each batch file.affected by this change. To update a batch file you need to know how the batch file works. See
Appendix A for detailed information about the BUILD. BAT andQBUILD. BAT files.
For each BUILD. BAT that is affected you should:* Remove the command that builds a segment for the storyboard file.* Remove the command that places the storyboard file's segment into the
package segment that resides in the same directory as the storyboard file.
For the QBUILD. BAT that is affected you should:* Remove the command that places the storyboard's segment into the
package segment that resides in the same directory as the storyboard file.
4. Test every batch file • Execute each updated batch file and verify that its modifications,affected by this change. screens, data collection, etc., are correct. Check all branch paths
in the updated segment f'les. Make sure that a storyboard doesn'tbranch to an incorrect or nonexistent event.
• E,,uting each updated batch will also give you the opportunity tover, that removing the storyboard file does not conflict with therest of the courseware in the directory tree.
31
Now itern callod REVIEW Ufat Is
CAPlMI IOA CIMaP168Ot90NIVpI w IA4~ XPWXQMQflUý C:%WOAOPLIESSONIMOPtC 1AMEVIEW
Figure 18. Adding a directory to the courseware directory tree.
32
Table 7
Adding a Directory to the Courseware Directory Tree
Procedure for Adding a Directory to the Courseware Directory Tree
1. Add the new 0 Move to the directory that will contain the new subdirectory.directory to the • Create the new subdirectory.appropriate part ofthe directory tree.
2. Create the • Move to the new diretory.storyboard, graphic, • Create the new storyboard, graphic, and animation files.and animation files.
3. Build segment a Use CATSC to build the segments for each new storyboard file.files for the new. 0 Watch for any compilation errors. If there are such errors, reedit thestoryboard fries appropriate storyboard files to fix the errors, then go back to the beginning
of step 3 to rebuild the segments for those storyboard files.
4. Test the new * Use CATSVIEW to test the new segment files and to verify that the newsegment files, graphic and animation files are correct.
5 Create a BUILD. BAT • Create a BUILD. BAT for the new directory. The easiest way to createand Q6UI LD. BAT file a new batch file is tn alter a copy of an existing batch file, preferably onefor the new directory. that belongs to a similar directory. Find an existing BUI LD. BAT file and
copy it into the new directory.* Edit the new BUILD. BAT file and revise its DOS commands to build
segments for the new storyboard files and to build the package segment forthe new directory. Save the BUILD. BAT file as a nondocument or ASCIIfile.
* Create a QBUILD. BAT for the new directory. Again, the easiest way tocreate this new batch file is to alter a copy of a similar one.Y FAit the QBUI LD. BAT file with your word processor and revise its DOScommands to build the package segment for the new directory. Save the)BUILD. BAT file as a nondocument or ASCII file.
6. If the courseware in • Try to use a copy of an existing DISTRIB. BAT file as your starting point.the new directory For more information about creating a DISTRIB. BAT file, see the instruc-must be distributed, tions for making distributable courseware in Table 2.create a DISTRIB. BATfile for the directory.
7. Test all the new Execute the new batch files to verify that they are correct and to verifybatch files, that the new directory's package segment is correct.
8. Locate any existing Determine which batch files should be updated. (Step 8 focuses on locatingbatch files that are the files that are affected by adding a directory to the coursewareaffected. directory tree. Step 9 covers the changes that should be made to these batch
files.) To locate the affected batch files:a. Move up one directory. TheBUILD.BAT, QBUILD.BAT,and
DISTRIB. BAT files must be updated.b. Move up one directory. The BUILD. BAT andDISTRIB.BAT files
in this directory must be updated. Continue this step until you reach thetopmost directory in the courseware directory tree.
Steps a and b define a path of directories beginning with the directorydirectly above the new directory and continuing to the topmost directory inthe CBI directory tree.
33
Table 7 (Continued)
Procedure for adding a Directory to the Courseware Directory Tree
9. Update the affected • To update the batch files, you must know how batch files work. Appendix Abatch files. describes in detail how BUILD. BAT and QBUILD. BAT work. Appendix
B describes in detail how DISTRIB. RAT works.• Once you have added a new directory, you must add DOS commands that
reference the new directory's package segment and any graphic or animationfiles in the new directory.
For each BUILD. BAT that is affected you should:* Add commands to build segments for the new storyboard files.* Add a command to build a package segment for the new directory.* Revise the command that builds the package segment for the directory
directly above the new directory to include the package segment for thenew directory.
For the QBUILD. BAT that is affected, you should:* Revise the command that builds the package segment for the directory
directly above the new directory to include the package segment for thenew directory.
For each DISTRIB.BAT that is affected you should:• Add commands that copy any new graphic or animation files to the
INSTALL directory.
10. Test all the * Execute each updated batch file to verify that it is correct.updated batch files. * Executing each updated batch will also give you the opportunity to verify that
the package segment for the new directory does not conflict with the restof the courseware in the directory tree.
34
Table 8
Removing a Directory from the Courseware Directory Tree
Procedure for Removing a Directory from the Courseware Directory Tree
1. Remove the 0 Move to the directory that needs to be removed.directory. • Remove all files in the directory.
0 Move up to the dretory immediately above the directory you want toremove.
6 Remove the directory.
2. Locate any existing • Determine which batch files should be updated. (Step 2 focuses onbatch files that are locating the batch files that are affected by removing a directory from theaffected. courseware directory tree. Step 3 covers the changes that should be
made to these batch files.) To locate the affected batch files:a. Update the BUILD. BAT, QBUILD. BAT, and DI STRIB. BAT files in
the current directory.b. Move up one directory. Any BUILD. BAT and DI STRIB. BAT files in
this directory must be updated. Continue this step until you reach thetopmost directory in the CBI directory tree.
Steps a and b define a path of directories beginning with the directorydirectly above the removed directory and continuing to the topmost directoryin the CBI directory tree. All batch files in the directory directly abovethe removed directory must be updated. In addition, any BUILD. BAT andDISTRIB. BAT file in the path must be updated.
3. Update the affected To update the batch files, you must know how batch files work. Appendix Abatch files, describes how BUILD. BAT and QBUILD. BAT work. Appendix B
desribes how DISTRIB. BAT works.
Once you have removed a directory, remove the DOS commands thatreference the directory's package segment and any graphic or animation filesthat were in the directory.
For the BUILD. BAT that is affected you should:a Remove all references to the eliminated files and directories.For the QBUILD. BAT that is affected you should:. Remove all references to the eliminated files and directories.For each DISTRIB .BAT that is affected you should:* Remove all references to the eliminated friles and directories.
4. Test all the • Execute each updated batch file to verify that it is correct.updated files. • Executing each updated batch file will also give you the opportunity to
verify that removing the directory does not conflict with the rest of thecourseware in the directory tree.
35
GLOSSARY
To avoid ambiguity, the key terms used in the CATS maintenance process are defined below.These definitions have been adapted specifically for this document. They may therefore be morerestrictive than, or different from, commonly accep-,d definitions for these terms.
ASCIIAmerican Standard Code for Information Interchange. A widely accepted standard for encod-ing alphanumeric data.
Animation fileA file containing an animation sequence. Animation files are created by courseware authors us-ing special programs called animation editors such as "Show Partner" and "Gras."
Authoring tool(s) or authoring systemA software program (or programs) designed to produce and maintain CBI, e.g., CATS.
Batch fileA text file that contains a sequence of DOS commands. When the batch file is executed, itsDOS commands are performed in the order that they appear in the batch file.
BUILD.BATA DOS batch file that resides in every directory within the courseware directory tree. Thisbatch file is designed to build the segment file for the directory and all of its subdirectories.
CATSCBI Authoring Tools System. A Government-owned authoring system. CATS includes: (1) Aprogram named CATSC that converts storyboards into segments, (2) a program named CAT SMthat binds segments, and (3) a program named CATSVIEW that displays segments, graphicfiles, and animation files as CBI.
CATSCAn acronym for the CATS compiler; a program in CATS that compresses and encodes ASC I Istoryboards into segments.
CATSMAn acronym for the CATS multiple segment linker, a program in CATS that binds two or moresegments.
CATSVIEWA program in CATS that displays segments, graphic files, and animation files as CBI.
37
CBIComputer-based instruction. Instruction or training delivered on a computer. Sometimes re-ferred to as computer-assisted learning (CAL) or computer-assisted instruction (CAI).
Courseware authorA person who creates CATS courseware.
Courseware directory treeA directory structure used to organize CATS courseware files.
Courseware filesThe computer files used to create and present CBI with CATS. There are two types of course-ware files: (1) source files and (2) presentation files.
DISTRIB.BATA DOS batch file that resides in a directory that represents a distributable portion of the course-ware within the courseware directory tree. This batch file is designed to build the presentationdisks for the courseware in the directory.
Distributable coursewarePortions of the courseware in a courseware directory tree that can be separately and autono-mously placed on floppy disks and distributed to students. A courseware author designates thedistributable courseware of a courseware directory tree as part of the courseware design pro-cess. A directory in the courseware directory tree that represents distributable courseware willalways contain a DI STRIB. BAT file. This is the batch file that builds presentation disks fordistributable courseware.
Graphic fileA file containing a graphic image. Graphic files are created by courseware authors using spe-cial programs called graphic editors. "Dr. Halo," produced by Media Cybernetics, and "PC-Paintbrush," produced by Z-soft Corporation, are two examples of graphic editors that producegraphic files.
Instructional outlineAn orgar:iz "o:n of courseware material that divides information into items and subitems. Itemsin an insw%,:ional outline can be topics of information such as "Basics of Word Processing" or"U.S. History," or instructional tools such as tests, drills, lessons, etc.
Presentation diskA presentation disk contains the presentation files, or a subset of the presentation files, used topresent CBI. Presentation disks contain the CATS presentation software, lesson segment files,profile files, graphic files, and animation files. One of the presentation disks contains only theprofile files. This disk is called the student disk.
38
Presentation filesAll of the computer files required to present CBI. Includes CATS presentation software, lessonsegment files, profile files, DIR files, graphic files, and animation files. (Note: Graphic filesand animation files are also source files.)
Presentation softwareA software program that presents CBI. For example, the CATS presentation program for yourlesson is called EGA. EXE.
QBUILD.BATA DOS batch file that resides in every directory within the courseware directory tree. Thisbatch file is designed to build the segment file for the directory using the existing segment filesin its directory. (Note: Because this batch file is designed to run quickly, it will build only thesegment file for its directory. Unlike BUILD. BAT, it will not build segment files for any sub-directories.)
Segment file (or Segment)A presentation file produced by CATS C that is an encoded and compressed version of a story-board file or a collection of storyboard files.
Source diskA source disk contains the source files for a CBI lesson, or a subset of the source files since thesource files together may exceed the capacity of a single disk.
Source filesSource files are computer files used to create and maintain CBI using CATS. Storyboard files,graphic files, animation files, batch files, and CATS variable files are source files. (Note:Graphic. and animation files are also presentation files.)
StoryboardA description of one screen and/or one operator interaction in CATS courseware. Storyboardsare stored in storyboard files.
Storyboard fileAn ASCII file that contains one or more storyboards and is made using a text editor or wordprocessing program. Storyboard files are source files and contain the basic building blocks ofthe lesson. They contain information that controls what the student sees on the screen, how theCBI will react to student responses, what data anr collected by the CBI, and the lesson supportfiles used by the CBI.
Student diskA student disk is a presentation disk that contains only the profile files (i.e., PROFILE. CATand PROFILE. FIX files). Each student needs his or her own copy of this disk to run eachlesson. A student disk is used as a repository for individual student data. The PROFILE. CATfile on an individual student disk will be updated automatically to reflect the student's progressduring the student's use of the lesson.
39
ol
APPENDLX A
HOW BUILD. BAT AND QBUILD. BAT WORK
A-0
HOW BUILD.BAT AND QBUILD. .AT WORK
BUILD.BAT and QBUILD. BAT ame batch files that build segment files for a directory. Course-ware authors create these files for every directory in the courseware directory tree. Batch files makeit easy to build segment files. By using batch files, the courseware developer only has to type onecommand (either BUILD. BAT or QBUILD. BAT) instead of remembering a whole series of com-mands.
BUILD. BAT
The objective of the BUILD . BAT file is to build the segment file for its directory from scratch. Todo this, BUILD. BAT performs the following steps:
1. Removes all segment files from the current directory and any subdirectories of the currentdirectory.
2. Builds new segment files for all the storyboard files in the subdirectory.
3. Builds a new package segment for the subdirectory.
4. Builds a new package segment for the current directory.
Each of these steps is accomplished by one or more DOS commands in the BUILD. BAT file.When the batch file is executed, the DOS commands are executed in the order that they appear inthe batch file.
All BUILD.BAT batch files have the same objectives, and they use the same steps to reach theirobjectives. However, since BUILD. BAT files reside in different parts of the directory tree, theywill use slightly different DOS commands to accomplish these steps. To describe in detail howBUILD. BAT files work, we will discuss the DOS commands used by one BUILD. BAT file in theword processing example. Keep in mind the steps that all BUILD. BAT files must accomplishwhile we discuss the specific DOS commands in the example.
Figure A-1 illustrates a portion of the courseware directory tree for the word processing CBI. Wewill use the BUILD. BAT file in the TOPIClA directory as our example.
A-1
P~OFLE.C T BULD.AT Tese UI.......... BUL....... les..........BA .. .. il t. O IlS Gpai em n
.. .. . ._._.. ... .. _.. ..... .........V~OPCI \D IU .O O ~ ~ S N ~ O I -A ~ .. - ;:. ... .... ....
... .. ...... .. .. . .~a ..c ....... .........S .......E - ...... .. .. ... ...
..... .. ... ... ... :: : : : : - - , - ,- - ... . .. ... . . ... . . . . .
......I ... .. . ... . ... ..... ... ...LL ... E...
Fiur A-i Th BUL .BAT. and QBIL . .. *-T tie for the TOPl di-:e..recor wil build th pakg segment.. calle TOP.: IA I.EG...
Line 1b i 6 Peets" infrmaio to. the usrtligwa.hebthfl .ild.Gvsteueth option. of quttn or cotiuig (The. echo fetue alo.teuert. seo
not~~~~~~~~~~~~. tose.ht.omad.aeben.xeuedi.tebac.fl.
met ilswee o rmoe and thebatch T fileweestpe beoecWpeintheuseIihLteDcidnal.uea ldvrin fasgmn ie
A -2 ...... .....
I echo off2 echo.,3 echo BUILO.BAT for the \uORDP\LESSON1\TOPIClA Segment4 echo BETA TEST VERSION 0.25 echo 14 Mar 19896 echo .7 echo This batch file will build TOPICIA.SEG by compiling and linkinga echo ail the composites in \WORDP\LESSO#J1\TOP CICA.9 echo .10 echo Error miessages will be saved in a file called OLD-ERRS.11 echo .12 echo WARNING: All existing sogments will be removed!13 echo .14. echo Nit (Return] to continue, [Ctrt-C) to stop.15 Pause16 echo on
117 del wordp\Lessonl\toplcla\.dseg\.,is del worcdp\LessonI\topicIadl \ \'ae19 det wordp\Lessonl\toplcla\test\*.seg20 del wetdp\lessonl\topilcs\pract%*.seg
21 set coatvarso~wordp\evars22 cd~uordp\tesson1\topiclu\drl It
23 catsc quesi ý, \wordp\lessonl\topicl Wbd-errs24 Catsc cques2 )o \wordp\ essorn1\topicla~bd-errs25 catic ques3 :o \wordp\ essoi,1\topic~a\btd-errs26 eatac queS4 2.,\wordp\Iesson1\topic~a\btd-errs
27 Cstsc ques5 \ wordp\tesson1\topic1a\bld-errs28 ctsc Ques6 \wordp\Iesson1~topicIa\bld-errs29 ctsc ques7 3- \wordp\tesson1\topic1a\btd-errs30 c tc ques8 3-3 \worcdp\lessoni\topicla\bld-errs
31 c :ti c ques9 -, Nwordp\Iesson1\topic~a\b~d-errs32 catac que&10 ),) \word~p~Lesson1\topicU~\kI:d-errs33 catsc U quesl..........se us .se u.seg .. ... rdp.... sson1\to...c.a.bld-errs34 cetsc tI tuel.scg ques2.seg ques5.seg 3o \wordp\tesson1\topic1a\bt d-errs33 catsc t3 t2~e ques6.seg ques7,seq \wordp\lessorn1\topic1&\bld-errs36 catsc t4 t3 . eg ques8 .se ques9. seg >), \wordp\less0nl\t o cabd-errs37 Cttsc dirill t4.seg quesi u eg >ý \wordp\iessofl1\topic1a btd- errs
-- - - - - - - -- --8- - - -- - - - - - -del .. .. . . .. . .. . .. .39 del t2.seg40 del t3.seg41 del t4.seg
42 cd \word~p\lesson1\topicla\test
43,.. *ca:t's'c que'si )' \'wor'd'p\lesso'nl\'t'opi'c'la"\b~d,-e'rrs ....... ----44 c t sc ques? >) \wordAlessonl\topicla\bld-errs45 cetsc ques3 >) \worcdp\tessonI~topic1a\bhdierrs46 cstsc ques4 i- Nwordp\lessonl\topicla\btd-err-s
47 catsc t1 qutesI;seg quesZ,:eg ques3.sdeg >, \wordp\lessonl\topicla\bld-errs48 catic test t I.seg ques4 .sg ), \worP\ es on1\topic1&\btd-errs
49 del ttl.seg
50 ;d \Wo ;dp\iessoi,1\topicta\pract
51 catc pracl \wordp\lessonI\topicla\btcd-eirs52 Catac prec2 \wordp\lessonI\topicla\bld-errs53 cat c prac3 \wordp\tessor~1\topIcta\bld-errs54 catc pr c4 >ý \wordpb\lessonl~topicla\bld-errs
56 catsc pract tI eg prac4 se P> \wordp\lessom1\topic1s\btcderrs
57 del tt.seg
59 copy \wordp\tessonl\topicla~driltldritl.seg60 copy \wordp'desson1l\topicla~test\test.seg61 copy \wordp\Lessonl\topicls\pract\pract.seg
62 catic topicis dritt.seg test.seg pract.seg )- bid-errs
Figure A.2. BUILD. .HAT riles contain DOS commands to build a director)'ssegment file from scratch.
A-3
Line 21 Sets the CATS variable file location as WORDP \CVARS. This enables CATSC tolocate the CATS author variables for the word processing CBI.
Line 22 Moves to a bottom-level subdirectory called DRILL. BUILD. BAT starts atthe lowest level of subdirectories and proceeds to build segment files from the"bottom up." This is because segment files in the upper subdirectories are pack-ages of the segments from their lower subdirectories.
Lines 23 - 32 Builds segment files for each storyboard file in the DRILL subdirectory. Anycompilation errors will be copied to a file called BLD-ERRS in the TOPIC1Adirectory. (The ">" and '5>" are parts of DOS commands that cause messagesfrom a program to be sent to a text file.)
Lines 33 - 37 Builds a package segment DRILL. SEG for the DRILL subdirectory. Any com-pilation errors will be copied to a file called BLD-ERRS in the TOP IClA direc-tory.
Lines 38 - 41 Removes the temporary segment files that were created during the process ofbuilding the DRILL. SEG package segment. (DOS commands must fit on onlyone fine. Therefore, CATSC commands are sometimes broken up and the inter-mediate segments are placed in temporary files.)
Line 42 Moves to another bottom-level subdirectory called TEST.
Lines 43 - 46 Builds segment files for each storyboard file in the TEST subdirectory. Any com-pilation errors will be added to the BLD-ERRS file in the TOP IClA directory.
Lines 47 - 48 Builds a package segment TEST. S.G for the TEST subdirectory. Any compi-lation errors will be copied to the BLD-ERRS file in the TOP IClA directory.
Line 49 Removes the temporary segment file that was created during the process of build-ing the TEST. SEG package segment.
Line 50 Moves to the last bottom-level subdirectory called PRACT.
Lines 51 - 54 Builds segment files for each storyboard file in the PACT subdirectory. Anycompilation errors will be copied to the BLD-ERRS file in the TOPIClA direc-tory.
Lines 55 - 56 Builds a package segment PRACT. SEG for the PRACT subdirectory. Any com-pilation errors will be copied to the BLD-ERRS file in the TOP ICA directory.
A-4
Line 57 Removes the temporary segment file that was created during the process of build-
ing the PRACT. SEG package segment.
Line 58 Moves to the next highest level subdirectory TOP I C 1A.
Lines 59- 61 Copies the package segments DRILL. SEG, TEST. SEG, and PRACT. SEGfrom the lower-level subdirectories.
Line 62 Builds the package segments DRILL. SEG, TEST. SEG, and PRACT. SEG intoa package segment called TOPIC 1A. SEG. Any compilation errors will be copiedto the BLD-ERRS file in the TOPMICA directory. (Since this command is beingexecuted in the TOPIClA directory, it did not have to provide a full path namefor the BLD-ERRS file.
Line 63 Displays any compilation errors on the screen (via the DOS IiO1-"E command).
QBUILD.BAT
The objective of the QBUILD. BAT file is to quickly build the segment '.le for its directory withoutrebuilding any of the segments for storyboard files or subdirectories. To do this, theQBU I LD. BAT performs the following steps:
1. Removes the package segment file from the current directory.
2. Builds a new package segment for the current directo:,,y.
Each of these steps is accomplished by one or more DOS commands in the QBUII.D. BAT file.When the batch file is executed, the DOS commands are executed in the order in which they appearin the batch file.
Like BUI LED. BAT files, all QBUILD. BAT batch files use slightly different DOS commands toreach the same objective. The following example. descmibes iv. detail bow QBUILD. EAT fileswork, discussing the DOS commands used by one QBUILD .F2AT file in the word processing ex-ample. Again, keep in mind the objective of all QBUILD. BA.T files whie- looking at the specificDOS commands in the example.
We used the BUILD.BAT file from the TOP I C1A directory to discuss how PUtILD.BAT fileswork. Now we will use the QBUILD .BAT file from the. same directory as ouw example forQBUILD. BAT files. Figure A-3 shows the contents of this QBUILD,. BrT file..
A-5
I echo off2 echo.3 echo QBUILD.BAAT for the \WORDP•LESSONI\TOPIC I A Segmen4 echo BETA "rEST VERSION 0.25 echo 14 Mar 19896 echo.7 echo This batch file will build TOPIC1 A.SEG.8 echo.9 echo Please make sine that all the utwyboad files have beow compld10 echo BEFORE uing Otis batch filc to build TOPICIASEG.11 echo.12 echo You cm either compile the ¢•utoyboud file individuaUy. or you13 ezha can use the batch file named BUILD.BAT to ompile tham all14 echo atonce.15 echo.16 echo E,'ror msiages will be saved ina file called BLD-.ERRS.17 echo.18 echo WARNING: Any exining TOPICIA.SEfs will be namoved!19 echo.20 echo !ht [Retumr to continue, [Odr-C to stop.21 pause22 echo on23 del wcrdp'.essonl1tpicla\*.seg24 set catsvers-ordwpfvatrs25 copy \wordxpessonrlNpicl axirilhdrill.seg26 copy \wordp\Iessonl\topi;l aVestlesLueg27 copy \wordp\lesson l•,.icI a cp\prapcLseg28 catsz topicl t dnil.seg tst.seg practseg > bld-errs29 mor < bld-cm
Figure A-3. QBUILD. RAT files contain DOS commands to quickly build adirectory's segment file.
Lines I - 22 Presents information to the user telling what the batch file will do. Gives the userthe option of quitting or continuing.
Line 23 Removes the package segment file from the current directory. If this segment filewere not removed and the batch file were stopped before completion, the usermight then accidentally use an old version of a segment file.
Line 24 Sets the CATS variable file location as WORDP\CVAPS. This enables CATSCto locate the CATS author variables for the word processing CBJ.
Lines 25- 27 Copies the package segments DRILL. SEG, TEST. SEG, and PRAC"I. SEGfrom the lower-level subdirectories,
Line 28 Builds a package segment TOPIClA. SEG for the TOPICIA subdirectory.
Line 29 Displays any compilation errors on the screen (via the DOS MORE command).
A-6
APPENDIX B
HOW DISTR•hB.BAT WORKS
B-0
HOW DxSTRIX. DLT WORKS
The objective of the DI STRIB. BAT file is to build presentation disks for its directory. To do thisthe DISTRIB. BAT performs the following steps:
1. Creates a temporary directory called INSTALL that will contain all the files that need tobe placed on the presentation disks.
2. Copies the presentation program and execution batch files to the INSTALL directory.
3. Copies all the graphic and animation files used by the package segment to the INSTALLdirectory.
4. Copies the package segment and the profile file for the current directory to the INSTALLdirectory.
5. Executes a program called BLD INST. EXE that will calculate how many presentationdisks are needed, format the presentation-disks, then copy all the files from the INSTALL directoryto the appropriate presentation disks.
6. Removes all the files in the INSTALL directory, then removes the INSTALL directory.
Each of these steps is accomplished by one or more DOS commands in the DI STRIB. BAT file.When the batch file is executed, the DOS commands are executed in the order in which they appearin the batch file.
All DISTRIB. BAT batch files have the same objective and use the same steps to reach theirobjective. However, since DI STRIB. BAT files reside in different parts of the directory tree, theyuse slightly different DOS commands to accomplish these steps. To describe in detail howDISTRIB.BAT files work, the following pages discuss the DOS commands used by oneDISTRIB.BAT file in the word processing example. During this discussion of the specific DOScommands used by the example DISTRIBoBAT, keep in mind the steps that all DI STRIB.BATfiles must accomplish.
Figure B- I illustrates the location of a distributable portion of the courseware directory tree for theword processing CBI. Since topic IA of lesson 1 is distributable, its directory contains theDISTRIB. BAT file. Figure B-2 shows the contents of this DISTRIB. BAT file. The numbersshown in the figure for each line in the DI STRIB. BAT file are called "line numbers." These linenumbers are used below to isolate commands in the DI STRIB. BAT file and to describe what thesecommands do.
B-I
C$VIOROP......%T..I..U~~~.. ...... Ru.w.h .pa
.......L ..PCI.E This .. .ISTRI. BA fil will. build di..bu..... .Oi1A I . D S R T disk .... th TOP.. directory...
.... ..U.I.....A..L.............~ . ... .... .. .... ... .. ..... .. ... W.f....t..... .. TO.P...A ..E ..
C:\WORO~ESSCNBTOICIMDR. .~OQWSQWTPOA G ... 1 ... TesQUE.. ........G
... ......
.... ~~ ~ ~ ~ .. t.. . . .. ... . .. . . . . . .. . . . .. .
.. ...Wu .. .. .. ... .. .. ........... P R O.. ...... ... .... .........T .... .
Figure ~ ~ ..31 The.DISTRIB. ....T fie.o.h.T... ietoytatwlbuild... its..... presentation dik ......w.... .. ..
Lines ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ .1.... ... 18 Prsnsifomto.o.h.srteln.ht h ac fl ild. Gie th user.the ~........ optio of. quttn or. coninung (Th ech fetue alo th. ue.t.eeo..... no see wha com and are bein executed........ .).. ...... : - . ... .... .
Line 19 Maesatepry dietr called. INTL.Ti.drcoywllb.sdareoitr for. al th files. tha must. be .. plce on.... the prsnaindik.o h
TOP.... ... A directory.......... ..Lines ~ ~~ .... 20. .. 21 Copies the progra EGA EXE. ta prset CBI to th.tdnsadtebthfl
RUNLES ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ..... .BA tha th stdet use to.. exeut th.BoteNTLirectory...........
SALdiretory.
dikB-2*TPC drc~y
Lines 28 - 30 Copies all the graphic and animation files from the PRACT directory to the IN-
STALL directory.
Line 31 - 32 Copies the TOP IC1A. SEG segment file and the PROFILE. CAT filethatiden-tifies the segment to the INSTALL directory.
Line 33 Moves to the INSTALL directory to begin building presentation disks.
Lines 34 - 45 Presents information to the user saying that the generic student disk is about to bebuilt. Asks the user to place the generic student disk in the "a:" drive.
Lines 46 - 48 Formats the generic student disk.
Lines 49 - 51 Places the PROFILE. CAT file that identifies the TOP IC1A. SEG segment ontothe generic student disk. Makes backup copy .of PROFILE. CAT and names itPROFILE.FIX. Removes the PROFILE. CAT file so that it will notbe placedon the rest of the presentation disks.
Lines 52- 60 Presents information to the user saying that the rest of the presentation disks(which are installation disks) are about to be built.
Line 61 Executes the program called BLD INST. EXE. This program will build the restof the presentation disks. To do this, it will first determine how many presentationdisks are needed, given the number of files in the INSTALL directory. Then, foreach presentation disk, it will ask the user to place the disk in the "a:" drive, for-mat the disk, and copy the appropriate files to the disk.
Lines 62- 70 Moves to the TOPIClA directory, removes all the files in the INSTALL direc-
tory, then removes the INSTALL directory.
B-3
I echo off2 echo .3 echo Build Installation Disks and Gaeneic Sawldun Disk4 echo BETA 7MS VERSION 0.255 echo 14 Mar 19896 echo.7 echo.8 echo This betch file will build installation disks and a generic9 echo student disk for the TOPICIA directory.10 echo.11 echo.12 echo WARNING: Be surt that you have build up-to-date epmt files13 echo for the directory before you ose udo ba"c file14 echo.15 echo Hit [Retuirn] to continue, (Qil1-CI to tp16 echo.17 Fauseis ecoo
19 inkdir\wordp~cssonl\topcla\inst&ul
20 copy '.cathifinegacxe \wordphlessonl'topicla~install21 cipyyNcau'bin'aunjes.bat \womn~ssl'opcla'inhvAUo.bat
22 copy \wodp~lesson 1\picla\,dd*.pic\wordp\Jesson1,sopicla\anstaU23 copy \worpesson I'toocla\,caiM*t\wordp\Jesonl'aopcla\instal24 copy \wordles son Nopic I a'M.pfo \wordp~Jessm1'topic I'insa~ll
25 copy \wordphleuson1'opic~a'test\.pic \word\essanl'aopcl'instaul26 "py \wocp\lcsscn ollt cla'eet\*ct\wod;essaa 'of cla~install27 copy \wofd~esson1'~cpic I A'et\*.pr\wofdp'1usortN1' 0pc Ia'n stul
28 copy \wordphlesson Ptopc l\aWc.pic \wo'dpkiessoo1'4opicla~ingta29 copy \wordp~lessom I~sopclaipa.cut\w ordp\4csscml\oi~cl "stall30 copy \WordpNton 'eopicla\.pra&*pm\wortesip'a n opicla~install
31 coy \wordp'Jcssan top lcA'opicla~seg \wordp\esson1'4opicl a'~nstall32 copy \wordp n1'an opicla'tVrofilexcat \wordnNeonii~cla' instafl
33 cd\wordp`4essonlNqoicai'nsuH1
34 echo off35 echo.36 echo.37 echo.38 echo Building a generic student disk for the TOPICIA CBI.39 echo.40 echo.41 echo.42 echo Please place the generic student disk in drive A:43 arho,.44 pause45 echo on
46 echo. > rt47 echo n > et48 fornat &: < ret
Figure B-2. Listing of the DISTRIE . SAT rile that contains DOS commandsto build presentation disks for the TOP ICA directory.
B4
49 a~y profile.cat a:50 OVY ptaile-az aspofllc.flh51 del pmfilmwa
52 gdio off53 .dao.54 echo.55 echo.56 echo Bu~inS i mas~ati~o ~dims for dw TOPICIA CBL57 echo.58 echo.59 edho.60gdao on
61 bid-JnsLac s:
62 cd \Wo*\saa~N~cl&63 del \wordpeas~mlgo~cl&NinmaIJ\'64 del \.ordpJeasmintoicl a'inua1I~seg65 &1l \wora\4 sn I ýooiicltIAnPIA~pic66 del \wrp~snI*cantM.u67 del \wordp~kscl*cls&rnvaai\'.pro61 del \wonf\es Naic Ao .bat69 del \wordenson Nopicl Minsuall\Oxc70 rdr\woap'VcsiNo'apcla'Mista
Figure B-2. (Continued)
B-5
APPENDIX C
HANDLING PRESENTATION DISK SIZE CONSTRAINTS
C-0
HANDLING PRESENTATION DISK SIZE CONSTRAINTS
The maintenance system is designed to distribute courseware on low-density floppy disks. Low-density floppy disks can store a maximum of 360 kilobytes, so the program BLDINS T. EXE willnot copy a file larger than 360 kilobytes onto a presentation disk. Because of this limitation, nofile larger than 360 kilobytes may be distributed. While it is somewhat unlikely, there is a possi-bility that changes to courseware, such as adding graphic files or adding several storyboards, maycause courseware that once fit on a single floppy disk to expand beyond the 360 kilobyte limit.While it is currently impossible to use the maintenance system to distribute a graphic or animationfile that exceeds 360 kilobytes, it is possible to distribute a lesson segment file that exceeds 360kilobytes.
To distribute a courseware segment that exceeds the 360-kilobyte limit, it is necessary to break upthe segment into smaller segment files, link these segment files, and then distribute these multiplelinked segments. If the large segment is a "package" of smaller segments, then the smaller seg-ments can be used. However, if the segment resides in a bottom-level directory, it will first be ner-essary to divide the directory's courseware into subdirectories and then to distribute the newsubdirectories' segments.
The "divide and conquer" strategy for making large segments distributable is outlined in TableC- 1. If the large segment file is in a bottom-level directory of the courseware directory tree, startat step 1. If the large segment file is not in a bottom-level directory of the courseware directory tree,start at step 8.
To get a practical understanding of the process of distributing an oversized segment file, considerthe word processing example (refer to Figure B-I). Suppose that the DRILL segment was over 360kilobytes. Since the DRILL directory is at the bottom of the courseware directory tree, you wouldstart at step 1 of Table C-1. You would create new subdirectories of the DRILL directory anddivide the courseware between the new subdirectories,
Figure C- 1 shows that two new subdirectories, QGROUP 1 and QGROUP 2, have been added tothe DRILL directory and that the courseware has been divided between the two new directories.
Figure C-2 shows the contents of tie DISTRIB. BAT file for the new courseware file organiza-tion. The numbers by each line in the new DISTRIB. BAT file are called "line numbers." As inthe example of a normal DISTRI B. BAT file given in Appendix B, line numbers are used to isolatecommands in the new DISTRIB. BAT file and to describe what these commands do. This exam-ple, however, lists only the line numbers whose commands pertain to distributing multiple linkedsegments.
C-1
Line 28 - 29 Copies the segment files from the QGROUP 1 directory and the QGROUP 2 direc-
tory to the INSTALL directory.
Line 31 Sets the location of the CATS variable file for use by CATSM.
Line 32 Uses CATSM to link the segments from the two subdirectories.
Table C-1
Making Large Segments Distributable
Procedure for Making Large Segments Distributable
1. Break up the large • Use the instructional outline to help decide how to divide the large course-segment file. ware block into smaller sections. From the instructional outline, design an
extension of subdirectories under the current directory that will housethese smaller sections.
"* Use the DOS mkdi r command to add the new subdirectories iv, thedirectory that houses the overly large segment.
"* Break up the courseware for the overly large segment. If an individualstoryboard file is producing an overly large segment, use your wordpiocessor to divide the file into smaller files, then place these smallerfiles in the now directories. If the overly la-ge segment is the product ofseveral storyboard files, move these files into the new directories.
2. Build segment files • Use CATSC to build the segments for each new storyboard file.for any new 0 Watch for any compilation errors. If there are such errors, reedit thestoryboard files. appropriate storyboard files to fix the error, then go back to ,he beginning
of step 2 to rebuild the segments for those storyboard riles.
3. Test the new a Use CATSVIEW to test the new segment files.segment file.
4. Create a BUILD.BAT • Create a BUILD.BAT for each new directory. The easiest way to createand QBUI LD. BAT file a new batch file is to alter a copy of an existing batch file, preferably onefor each new that belongs to a similar directory. Therefore, find an existing BUILD. BATdirectory. file and copy it into the new directory. (See Appendix A for more details.)
* Edit each new BUI LD. BAT file with your word processor and revise its DOScommands to build segments for the new storyboard files and to build thesegment for the new directory. Save the BUILD. BAT file as a nondocumentor ASCII file.
0 Create a QBUI LD.BAT for each new directory. Again, the easiest way tocreate a new batch ftile is to alter a copy of a similar one, Therefore, find anexisting QBUILD, BAT file and copy it into the new directory.
a Edit each new QBUILD. BAT file with your word processor and revise itsDOS commands to build the package segment for the new directory. Savethe QBUILD. BAT file as a nondocument or ASCH file.
5. Test all the new 0 Execute the new batch files to verify that they are correct and to verifybatch files. that the new directory's package Segment is correct.
C-2
Table C-I (Continued)
6. Locate any existing Determine which batch files should be updated. (Step 6 focuses on locatingbatch files that are the batch files that are affected by adding a directory to the coursewareunaffected. directory tree. Step 7 covers the changes 5trat should be made to these batch
files.) To locate the affected batch files:a. Move up one dirctory. All batch files in this directory must be updated.b. Move up one directory. Any BUILD. BAT and DISTRIB. BAT batch
files in this directory must be updaed. Continue this step until you reachthe topmost directory in the courseware directory tree.
Steps a and b define a path of directories beginning with the directory directlyabove the new directory and continuing to the topmost directory in the CBIdirectory tree. All batch files in the directory directly above the new direc-tory must be updated. In addition, any BUILD.BAT and DISTRIB.BATfile in the path must be updated.
7. Update the affected Update the affected batch files.batch files. To update the batch files, you must know how batch files work. Appendix A
describes in detail how BUILD. BAT and QBUILD. BAT work. Appen-dix B describes how DISTRIB. BAT works.Once you have added a new directory, you must add DOS commands thatreference the new directory's package segment and any graphic or animationfiles in the new directory.
For the BUILD. BAT that is affected you should:* Add commands to build segments for the new storyboard files.• Add a command to build a package segment for the new directory.* Revise the command that builds the package segment for the directory
directly above the new directory to include the package segment for thenew directory.
For the QBUILD.BAT that is affected you should:* Revise the command that builds the package segment for the directory
directly above the new directory to include the package segment for thenew directory.
For each DISTRIB. BAT that is affected you should:"* Add commands that copy any new graphic or animation files to the
INSTALL directory."* Direct the DISTRIB. BAT file to distribute courseware using multiple
linked segments. (See step 8.)
8. Test all the Execute each updated batch file to verify that it is correct. Executingupdated batch files, each updated batch file will also give you the opportunity to verify that the
package segment for the new directory does not conflict with the rest of thecourseware in the directory tree.
C-3
Table C-1 (Continued)
9. Modify DISTRIB. BAT * Modify the D IS T IB. BAT file for the courseware that you wish to dis-to distribute tribute. Two basic changes must be made to the D ISTRIB. BATmultiple linked file:segments. 0 Delete the command that copies the segment file from the current direc-
tory to the temporary INS TALL directory."* Add commands to copy the segment riles from each of the curent direc-
tory's subdirectories into the temporary INSTALL directory.
"* Add a command to set the location of the CATS variable file (CVARS)for use by CATSM.
"* Add a CAT SM command to link these subdirectory segments within theINSTALL directory.
.... ... .. ...... . . . . . . . . . .
c~OROP...... ....I
CAWvoRDP $ON1T:fC1irt .......E$NOIi .. A.......
...WO ......N1TO IC ----L~0R UP .....R ....S N .T C ..OR..L.O.R....
QUE~~~t .....t~ ....S ..... . ... ... .. .. . . .. .. . . . . . ..
RU .... .. . . .... ...... .. ....4 ...... ....QAJE$SJRO~~ ~. ...L3A UEI.... .. ID~A
Figure ~ .C-I The .RL . iecor has.... be.n .. lit an.is.o....edtrbutedintotwo ew ubdiectoies
MOD L. .....C- ..
I echooff2 echo .3 echo Build Installation Disks and Generic Student Disk4 echo BET'A TEST VERSION 0.255 echo 14 Mar 19896 echo.7 echo.-8 echo 'Ibis batch file will build installawmn disks and a generic9 echo fziait disk for th TOKCIlA DRILL directory.10 echo.I1I echo.12 echo WARNING: Be gume that you have built up-an-date sepneat files13 echo for the directory before you use this batch fie14 echo.15 echo Hil fReaumi to continue, [Qni-C to stop.16 echo.17 pause13 echo on
19 mkdir \wordp~lesson VPopiclaOdrilNnsmall
20 copy ,cugk&x exwcxdp rdpeusonlopicla~drlf~instaU21 copy 1,catUin'~zn-Jes.bst \wrplso ipcladibntfoa
22 copy \wordp~esso l1'4opicl&\drilN~group1\w.pic \Wordpesn lw ipicla'\ddft~ssal23 copy \WordpJesson l'dopicl &a'dilgroup 1\0.wt \WordpNlesson oi~ac IaUffinsssll24 copy \wordplesson lýopic 1agraiNgop 1\0.p r Wordp'JessonlNopicl 4\4ri 1nstall
23 copy \wofdplesson 'aopicl&NdrilI~groupZ*.ic Uvordp~esson Mic IA'uriNnstal26 copy \wrplzmPpcIWi~ru70ctWrpesn% c idi~sal27 copy \%woruihesson 14pic la'drilI~group2\*.pro \Wordp'Jesson l'topiclIa~drilfinstall
28 copy \Wordesson Popicla'I U& groupl'qgmoupl.seg \wordpeson 1\opcla drivinsts1129 copy \wordp\ esson '~iopic Is'd~nohroup2~qgroup2.seg \wordp~'esson 1\topclaNdruiNnsta~l
30 ed \Wordp'Jesson ]opicIa'\dnlI'nsufl
31 set catsvars--wordp'cvarz
32 catim qgroupI sqg qgroup2.ueg >\wordp\Jesswnl\1opicla~rilN~d-errs
33 echo off34 echo.35 echo.36 echo Building a generic student disk for the TOPICI A CBL37 echo.38 echo.39 echo.40 echo PleAse place the generic stud~t disk in drive A:41 echo.42 pause43 echo on
44 echo. > et45 c,&o n >> t46 format a: <ret
47 copy profil.cat a:48 copy profile.cat a-proffle.fix49 del prortle.cat
Figure C.2. Listing of the DISTRIB.BAT rile to distributecourseware using multiple linked segments.
C-5
so echo Off51 echo.-52 echo.53 acho .54 echo BaUimldn Wnsallio diski for the TOPICIA DRILL CX355 echo.S6 eio.57 echo.58 echo on
59 bWdjsteaw a:
60 cd~woudpeesmuNwcla'ri161 d el oades a wNopic I " ninsaa1?62 del\word~ssaa lctouil~dNnsmJY*.seg63 ddl\wordoNessan'4op~l.drlNnuta1N.pic64 de\wordeusaamop~cla'rINnstall'.cut65 dcl \WordpessmI*Opcladra1NnttaiN*.pr66 del \Wordessm l'4opicla'dril~swll\.ba67 del wordjtessal~tcla'drilNnstaM'exe68 rmdi\worp'Jessonl'qzicls'drilNnsial
69 uaomc bid-err
Figure C-2 (Continued)
C-6
DISTRIBUTION LIST
Assistant for Planning and Technical Development (OP-OIB2)Defense Technical Information Center (2)Commandart, Defense Systems Management College, Ft. Belvoir, VAAssistant Secretary of Defense (Force Management and Personnel)
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