Mycoendophytic Diversity Associated with Mycoendophytic Diversity Associated with Ethanomedicinal plants Ethanomedicinal plants Ficus pumila Ficus pumila Linn and Linn and Mirabilis jalapa Mirabilis jalapa Linn. Linn. Visiting Scholar Visiting Scholar Department of Plant Pathology University of Georgia Athens 30602, USA Ph:+1-706-715-1643 (M) e-mail: [email protected]Department of Studies in Microbiology University of Mysore Manasagangotri Mysore, 570 006 Karnataka, India Ph:+91-821-2419734 (O) +91-9448323129 (M) e-mail: [email protected]Dr. S.Satish Dr. S.Satish
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Mycoendophytic Diversity Associated with Ethanomedicinal plants Ficus pumila Linn and Mirabilis jalapa Linn. Mycoendophytic Diversity Associated with Ethanomedicinal.
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Mycoendophytic Diversity Associated with Ethanomedicinal Mycoendophytic Diversity Associated with Ethanomedicinal plants plants Ficus pumilaFicus pumila Linn and Linn and Mirabilis jalapa Mirabilis jalapa Linn.Linn.
Visiting ScholarVisiting ScholarDepartment of Plant PathologyUniversity of GeorgiaAthens 30602, USAPh:+1-706-715-1643 (M) e-mail: [email protected]
Department of Studies in MicrobiologyUniversity of MysoreManasagangotriMysore, 570 006Karnataka, IndiaPh:+91-821-2419734 (O) +91-9448323129 (M)e-mail: [email protected]
Dr. S.SatishDr. S.Satish
Endophytes are the microbes that colonize living, internal tissues of plants without causing any
immediate, overt negative effects
Significance of endophytic Diversity
- Endophytic mycobiome forms a significant part of the microbial diversity.
- Endophytes comprise a large hidden component of fungal biodiversity (Arnold, 2007 and
Rodriguez et al., 2009).
- Taxol (Plaxitaxel): Produced by Taxomyces andreanae, endophytic fungus from Taxus
brevifolia
Unexplored or untapped source of novel bioactive metabolites.
- Diverse biological activity due their unpresedented structural diversity (antibacterial,
antifungal, antitumoral, antiviral, antioxidant, imunossupressor, insecticide) (Strobel et al.,
2004)
EndophytesEndophytes
Endophytic fungi inhabit almost all variety of plant species. The diversity of fungal endophytes Endophytic fungi inhabit almost all variety of plant species. The diversity of fungal endophytes
mainly depends on the type of plant species and geographical area. mainly depends on the type of plant species and geographical area. Plants with ethno botanical Plants with ethno botanical
history form important criteria towards screening of endophytes which may lead to isolate history form important criteria towards screening of endophytes which may lead to isolate
endophyte with potent activity and few of the scientific reports suggests that plants growing in endophyte with potent activity and few of the scientific reports suggests that plants growing in
rich biodiversity lodge diverse group of endophytes with activity.rich biodiversity lodge diverse group of endophytes with activity.
Fungal diversityFungal diversity
Plant-associated microorganisms, especially endophytic fungi are largely underexplored in Plant-associated microorganisms, especially endophytic fungi are largely underexplored in
the discovery of natural products (Strobel and Daisy, 2003; Gunatilaka et al., 2006)the discovery of natural products (Strobel and Daisy, 2003; Gunatilaka et al., 2006)
Figure : Habit of Mirabilis jalapa Linn.Botanical Name: Mirabilis jalapa Linn.Family: Nyctaginaceae (Bougainvillea family)Common name: Four O’ clock plant, Beauty-of-the-night, Marvel of Peru, Gulamaji (Local Native Name)
Medicinal plants selected for the isolation of endophytic fungiMedicinal plants selected for the isolation of endophytic fungi
Aim of the present investigationAim of the present investigation
Fig: Overview of the procedure of isolation, cultivation and identification of endophyte fungi Fig: Overview of the procedure of isolation, cultivation and identification of endophyte fungi
Cultural , Morphological and microscopic Characteristics of Major Cultural , Morphological and microscopic Characteristics of Major endophytic fungal genera isolated in the present study endophytic fungal genera isolated in the present study
A. flavusA. flavus A.nigerA.niger Acermonium Acermonium sp.sp.
No. of segments yielding fungi 21+12+10=43 16+19+07=42 85
No. of isolates 26+14+10=50 20+24+07=51 101
Isolation rate 0.16 0.17 0.16
Colonisation rate (%) 14.33 14 14.16
Table 1. Isolation and colonization and rate of endophytic fungi of Table 1. Isolation and colonization and rate of endophytic fungi of Mirabilis jalapa Mirabilis jalapa Linn.Linn.
StemStem LeafLeaf TotalTotal
No. of segments 300 300 600
No. of segments yielding fungi 15+21+20 =56 18+19+18 =55 111
No. of isolates 16+23 +23 =62 26 +25 +24=75 137
Isolation rate 0.20 0.25 0.22
Colonization rate (%) 18.66 18.33 0.18
Table 2. Isolation and colonization rate of endophytic fungi of Table 2. Isolation and colonization rate of endophytic fungi of Ficus pumila Ficus pumila Linn.Linn.
Table 3. Diversity of endophytic fungi isolated from stem and leaf of Table 3. Diversity of endophytic fungi isolated from stem and leaf of Mirabilis jalapa Mirabilis jalapa Linn. during three different season (2010-2011)Linn. during three different season (2010-2011)
Table 4. Diversity of endophytic fungi isolated from stem and leaf tissue of Table 4. Diversity of endophytic fungi isolated from stem and leaf tissue of Ficus pumilaFicus pumila Linn. Linn.
EndophytesEndophytes Tissue of the host Tissue of the host
No. of endophytesNo. of endophytes No. of endophytesNo. of endophytes No. of endophytesNo. of endophytes
Ascomycetes Stem 0 3 3Leaf 2 0 0
Coelomycetes Stem 3 9 2Leaf 0 0 0
Hyphomycetes Stem 7 11 9Leaf 3 16 17
Zygomycetes Stem 0 2 0Leaf 0 0 2
Mycelia sterilia Stem 0 1 0Leaf 2 4 5
Total 17 46 38
Table 5. Seasonal distribution of endophytic fungi in different tissues of Table 5. Seasonal distribution of endophytic fungi in different tissues of Mirabilis jalapa Mirabilis jalapa Linn.Linn.during three different season (2010-2011).during three different season (2010-2011).
EndophytesEndophytes Tissue of the host Tissue of the host
No. of endophytesNo. of endophytes No. of endophytesNo. of endophytes No. of endophytesNo. of endophytes
Ascomycetes Stem 00 01 0Leaf 06 6 5
Coelomycetes Stem 10 12 12Leaf 03 1 1
Hyphomycetes Stem 04 8 13Leaf 17 16 11
Zygomycetes Stem 00 02 0Leaf 00 0 1
Mycelia sterilia Stem 02 00 0Leaf 00 02 4
Total 42 48 47
Table 7: Seasonal distribution of endophytic fungi in different tissues of Table 7: Seasonal distribution of endophytic fungi in different tissues of Ficus pumila Ficus pumila Linn.Linn.during three different season (2010-2011)during three different season (2010-2011)