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1947 mv‡ji RyjvB gv‡m cvwK Ívb cÖwZôvi cÖv°v‡j AvwjMo

wek¦we`¨vj‡qi fvBm P¨v‡Ýji W±i wRqvDwÏb Avng` AwfgZ e¨³

K‡ib †h, wnw›`‡K fvi‡Zi ivóªfvlv Kivi wm×všÍ †bqvi ci hyw³m½Z

Kvi‡Y D`y©‡KB cvwK Ív‡bi ivóªfvlv Kiv DwPZ| Wt wRqvi G e³e¨

cÖPvwiZ nevi ci †_‡KB weZK©wU g~jZ R‡g I‡V| me©cÖ_g Lye

hyw³m½Zfv‡e Wt wRqvDwÏb Avng` KZ©„K DÌvwcZ D`y© fvlvi `vwe‡K

LÐb K‡i Wt gyn¤§` knx`yjøvn †`Lvb †h, evsjvfvlvB cvwK Ív‡bi

ivóªfvlv nevi Rb¨ me‡P‡q Dc‡hvMx| evsjvfvlvi ¯c‡ÿ wZwb †Rviv‡jv

hyw³ cÖ k©b Ki‡jI Zuvi wfbœ wKQz e³‡eï Kvi‡Y wKQzUv weåvwšÍi m„wó

nq| evsjvfvlv‡K ivóªªfvlv wn‡m‡e Pvjy Ki‡j ev Íe wK Amyweav n‡e Zvi

e¨vL¨v bv w`‡qB GKB cÖe‡Ü wZwb evsjv‡K cvwK Ív‡bi ivóªfvlv Kiv hvq

bv e‡j AwfgZ e¨³ K‡ib| †hvM¨Zi ivóªfvlv wn‡m‡e wZwb Aviwe‡K

†e‡Q wb‡Z e‡jb| Ae‡k‡l wZwb Avevi evsjv, D`y©, Aviwe I Bs‡iwR

GB PviwU fvlv‡K cvwK Ív‡bi ivóªfvlv Kivi mycvwik K‡ib| GgbI

n‡Z cv‡i †h, D`y©i `vwe‡K Lv‡Uv Kivi R‡b¨B Aviwe ev Bs‡iwRi K_v

wZwb Zz‡jwQ‡jb| evOjvi cÖwZ Zuvi AK…wÎg †cÖ‡gi cÖ‡kœ Kv‡iviB †Kv‡bv

m‡›`‡ni AeKvk _vKv DwPZ n‡e bv|

welqwUi Ici we‡kl ¸iæZ¡ Av‡ivc K‡i me©cÖ_g whwb Av‡jvPbv

K‡i‡Qb wZwb n‡”Qb Wt gyn¤§` Gbvgyj nK| Wt gyn¤§` Gbvgyj nK

welqwUi ¸iæZ¡ we‡ePbv K‡i Zvi ivR‰bwZK, A_©‰bwZK I mvs¯‹…wZK

wewfbœ w`K wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb| Wt gyn¤§` Gbvgyj nK Ôc~e©

cvwK Ív‡bi ivóªfvlvi cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z D`y© I evsjvÕ kxl©K cÖe‡Ü (b‡f¤i

wbix¶v

1947) welqwU wb‡q we¯Í…Z Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb| Wt n‡Ki cÖe‡Üi

g~jK_v n‡jv:

cvwK Ívb GKwU wekvj ivóª; c~e© I cwðg GB `yB AÂ‡j

wef³| †fŠ‡MvwjK w`K †_‡K G iv‡óªi `yB AÂ‡ji ms¯’vb

Av`k© ’vbxq bq, †Kbbv Gi `yÕAs‡ki g‡a¨ ~iZ¡ cÖvq GK

nvRvi gvBj| d‡j `yÕAs‡ki g‡a¨ †hvMv‡hvM iÿv Kiv GK

RwUj mgm¨vq cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| Rj, ’j I wegvb c‡_ kvwšÍi

mgq GB †hvMv‡hvM iÿv Kiv KZKUv mnR; wKš‘ †`‡k

AkvwšÍ †`Lv w`‡j †m †hvMv‡hvM iÿv Kiv KwVb| G mgm¨vi

Avï mgvav‡bi †Kv‡bv m¤¢vebv †bB|

mvs¯‹…wZK w`K †_‡KI cvwK Ív‡bi yÕAÂ‡ji Ae ’v

GKiƒc bq| cwðg cvwK Ívb A_©vr cvÄve, wmÜz, †ejywP Ívb I

mxgvšÍ cÖ‡`k GK †fŠ‡MvwjK cÖfv‡e cÖfvweZ GKwU we ÍxY© f~-

fvM| GB f~-L‡Ði Awaevmxe„‡›ì gvbe‡MvôxMZ êwkó¨,

Rxebhvcb cÖYvjx, wkÿv-`xÿv, a¨vb-aviYv cÖf…wZ AweKj

GKiƒc bv n‡jI yB-Z…Zxqvsk GKiƒc| Gi wecix‡Z c~e©

cvwK Ívb Ab¨ GK †fŠ‡MvwjK cÖfv‡e cÖfvweZ AÂj| GLvbKvi

gvbe‡MvôxMZ êwkó¨, Rxebhvcb cÖYvjx, wkÿv-`xÿv, AvPvi-

eënvi cÖf…wZ wZb-PZz_©vs‡k GKiƒc| cÖK…wZB G AÂ‡ji

†jvK‡K Ggbfv‡e m„wó K‡i‡Q †h, Gi gv‡S cwðg cvwK Ív‡bi

Rbmvavi‡Yi mvs¯‹…wZK w`K †_‡K †Kv‡bv mvgÄm¨ †bB|

ïaygvÎ ag©B yÕAÂ‡ji Rbmvavi‡Yi g‡a¨ H‡Kï GKgvÎ

evnb| GKgvÎ ag© e¨ZxZ gvbe-ms¯‹…wZi Ab¨vb¨ w`K, †hgb

†fŠ‡MvwjK cÖfve, gvbe‡MvôxMZ êwkó¨, Rxebhvcb cÖYvjx,

wkÿv-`xÿv, AvPvi-eënvi cÖf…wZ w`K †_‡K cvwK Ív‡bi Dfq

As‡ki g‡a¨ mv „‡kï †P‡q êmv „‡kï fvMB †ewk|

Dchy©³ weei‡Yi ci Wt nK cÖkœ †i‡L e‡jb, ÒGLb cÖkœ nB‡Z‡Q,

ivRbxwZi †ÿ‡Î wKsev ivóªbxwZi †ÿ‡Î ag© eÜ‡bi ¯’vb †Kv_vq?

BwZnvm cÖgvY Kwi‡Z‡Q, ivRbxwZi ev ivóªbxwZi †ÿ‡Î i‡³i eÜb,

¯v‡_©i eÜb, ms¯‹…wZi m¤cÖxwZi eÜb, cÖf…wZi b¨vq ag© eÜb †Kvb

A‡”Q`¨ eÜb b‡n|Ó

Gici wZwb wgki, Bivb, Avj‡Rwiqv BZ¨vwì D`vniY w`‡q

†`Lvb, ag© RvwZmg~‡ni g‡a¨Kvi msNvZ‡K †VwK‡q ivL‡Z cv‡i wb|

ÔfvlvI Ggb A‡”Q`¨ eÜb ˆZwi Kwi‡Z AÿgÕ- G e³e¨wU ¯úó Ki‡Z

wZwb we Í…Z D`vniY †`b| wZwb †`Lvb, Dchy©³ A‡”Q`¨ eÜbmg~‡ni kZ©

ˆZwi n‡j wfbœ wfbœ iv‡óªi AwaevmxivI wg‡j GK mw¤§wjZ ivóª MVb

K‡ib| `ye©j wfwËi Ici cÖwZwôZ cvwK Ívb iv‡óªi D`&MvZv‡ì wb‡`©k

K‡i wZwb e‡jb:

ag©xq ev mv¤cÖ vwqK †cÖiYv‡K huvnviv GB bexb iv‡óªi

AšÍtmwjj dêy ewjqv g‡b K‡ib, wKsev cÖK…Z ivóªxq eÜb

ewjqv wbwe©Pv‡i ¯xKvi K‡ib, Zvnv‡ì ivóªxq `„wó ¯”Q †Zv

b‡nB, eis A`~i`wk©Zvi †Nvi KzqvkvRv‡j mgv”Qbœ|

Wt Gbvgyj nK †`Lvb †h, cvwK Ívb Av‡›`vj‡b ag©xq welqwU mevi

g‡b G‡jI Zvi AšÍwb©wnZ cÖkœ wQj AvZ¥wbqš¿‡Yi cÖkœ| wkÿv-ms¯‹…wZ-

mf¨Zvmn wewfbœ ¯v_©‡K m¤§vbRbKfv‡e iÿv Kivi ¯vaxbZv Qvov

AvZ¥wbqš¿Y AwaKvi wewNœZ nq| Avi AvZ¥wbqš¿‡Yi cÖkœ DV‡jB †mLv‡b

wb‡Ri cÖkœwUB e‡ov n‡q †`Lv †`q| d‡j c~e© cvwK Ívbx‡ì wb‡Ri ¯v‡_©i

K_v fvevUvB ¯vfvweK| Gi GKgvÎ KviY bvbv w`K †_‡K †mw`b c~e©

cvwK Ívbevmxi AvZ¥wbqš¿Y-bxwZ AvµvšÍ nw”Qj| wZwb AviI gZ cÖKvk

K‡ibÑ fvlv wel‡q cvK-†bZ…e„‡›ì g‡bvfve ev½vjxi Rxebxkw³i g~‡j

AvNvZ Ki‡e| D`y©‡K ivóªfvlv †g‡b wb‡j gvZ…fvlv evsjv‡K †Kv‡bvµ‡gB

iÿv Kiv hv‡e bv| †Kbbv wekvj ivóªkw³ GKmgq †`kxq I miKvix

fvlvmg~n‡K DrLvZ K‡i Bs‡iwR‡K ’vwcZ K‡iwQj, †`kx fvlv wkÿv cÖvq

A_©nxb n‡q D‡VwQj; cvwK Ív‡bI †Zgb Ae ’vB n‡e †Kbbv, ivóªxq

ˆ`bw›`b Kg©Kv‡Ð hv cÖ‡qvRbxq I ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Zv‡K ev` w`‡q Ab¨ †Kv‡bv

fvlvi weKvk Ae¨vnZ _vKv KwVb| KviY QvÎ‡ì miKvix fvlv wn‡m‡e

we‡`kx fvlv wkL‡Z wM‡q gvbwmK kw³i cÖavb Ask e¨q Kivi ci Lye

Kg cwigvY mgqB Zviv gvZ…fvlvi Rb¨ ivL‡Z cv‡i, d‡j miKvix fvlv

eû †Póvq wkL‡Z cvi‡jI gvZ…fvlvq †m cÖvq AÁB †_‡K hvq| ivóªkw³

Ggb GKwU wba©viK Dcv`vb hvi bxwZmg~n gvby‡li wewfbœ êlwqK,

mvgvwRK I ivR‰bwZK †hvM¨Zv wba©vi‡Yi gvcKvwV¸wj‡K wbqš¿Y K‡i|

d‡j, evsjvfvlv-we‡ivax miKvix bxwZ Lye ¯vfvweKfv‡eB ev½vjx

RbMY‡K êlwqK w`K †_‡KB ïay bq, mvgvwRK I ivR‰bwZK w`K

†_‡KI wcwQ‡q †`‡e| d‡j ev½vjx RbmvaviY Zvi AvZ¥gh©v`v iÿv Z_v

AvZ¥wbqš¿‡Yi `vwe‡Z weÿzä n‡q DV‡e| †h AvZ¥wbqš¿‡Yi D`MÖ

AvKv•¶vq ev½vjx gymjgvbiv H‡Kï GK gnvb BwZnvm ˆZwi K‡iwQjÑ

†m AvKv•¶v wedj n‡j Zviv †h Avevi e¨vcK HK¨ M‡o Zzj‡e bv Ggb

K_v wbwðZ K‡i ejv hvq bv| Gici wZwb gšÍe¨ K‡ib:

... D`y© ewnqv Avwb‡e c~e© cvwK¯Ívbevmxi giYÑ

ivR‰bwZK, ivóªxq, mvs¯‹…wZK I A_©‰bwZK g„Zz¨| GB ivóªxq

fvlvi m~Î awiqv kvmb, eëmv-evwYR¨ BZ¨vw` me©wel‡q c~e©

cvwK¯Ívb nB‡e DËi fviZxq cwðg cvwK Ívbx D y©Iqvjv‡ì

kvmb I †kvl‡Yi †ÿÎ|

GiKg GKwU wec¾bK fwel¨r A‡cÿv Ki‡jI c~e© evsjvi

†bZ…e„‡›ì †KD †KDmn A‡b‡KB †m mgq D`y© fvlvi mg_©b K‡iwQ‡jb|

G „‡k¨ Wt nK we¯§q cÖKvk K‡i Zuvi GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© e¨vL¨v ùvo Kivb|

Zuvi g‡Z, ZrKvjxb c~e© cvwK Ívbevmx D y© mg_©K‡ì g‡a¨ wQj yÕwU Ask:

1. cÖ_g †kªwYi gvby‡liv c~e© cvwK Ívbevmx n‡jI D`y©‡K gvZ…fvlv iƒ‡c

eënvi K‡ib| msL¨v Zuviv AZ¨šÍ bMY¨ n‡jI †m-mg‡qi

ivR‰bwZK cwi‡e‡k Zuv‡ì †KD †KD ivR‰bwZK ÿgZvi AwaKvix

wQ‡jb| GB ÿgZvi e‡j c~e© cvwK Ív‡bi Ici ivóªfvlv wn‡m‡e

D y©‡K Pvcv‡Z †Póv KiwQ‡jb| D`y© ivóªfvlv n‡j Zuv‡ì wecyj

êlwqK I ivR‰bwZK jvf n‡e e‡j Zuviv g‡b Ki‡Zb| A_P

Zuv‡ì evsjv-†Nulv D`y© cÖK…Z D`y©fvlxi Kv‡Q wQj LyeB nvm¨Ki|

Avm‡j Zuv‡ì †Kv‡bv fvlv wQj bv|

2. GB `jwU evsjvfvlx n‡qI evsjvi we‡ivwaZv K‡ib| Guiv g~jZ

ivR‰bwZK cÖfvewenxb fvM¨v‡šlx I †Rv-ûRy‡ii `j| Guiv g~jZ

D`y© mg_©‡bi ga¨ w`‡q KZ©ve¨w³‡ì `„wó AvKl©YB Ki‡Z

†P‡qwQ‡jv|

A_©vr Wt n‡Ki g‡Z, wKQz c`vwaKvix AevOvwj I wKQz `vjvj evOvwj

Qvov †m-mg‡qI D y©i ¯c‡ÿ †KD wQ‡jb bv| wZwb gZ cÖKvk K‡ib, fvlv

wn‡m‡eI D y© GKwU RMvwLPzwo-gvK©v dviwm I wnw›` wgwkªZ GKwU fvlv, hvi

†Kv‡bv BwZnvm †bB| ivR‰bwZKfv‡eI Zvi ¸iæZ¡ I HwZn¨ †bB|

Gfv‡e W. gyn¤§ Gbvgyj nK D y©‡K ivóªfvlv wn‡m‡e cÖwZwôZ Kivi

¯c‡ÿ †Ìqv mKj hyw³‡K G‡K G‡K LÐb K‡i †`Lvb †h, fvlv wn‡m‡e

GwU K…wÎg| Ges Gi †Kv‡bv BwZnvm †bB| ag©xq w`K †_‡K we‡kl

¸iæ‡Z¡i hyw³I †av‡c †U‡K bv, †Kbbv D y©fvlvq a‡g©i Ici †Kv‡bv †gŠwjK

MÖš’ †bB| ÔfviZxq gymjgvb‡ì mv‡_ fv‡ei Av`vb-cÖ v‡bi gva¨g wn‡m‡e

D y©i cÖPjb Kiv n‡”QÕ G RvZxq hyw³mn mKj hyw³‡K G‡K G‡K †Rviv‡jv

cvëv hyw³ I D`vniY w`‡q Wt nK LÐb K‡ib Ges e‡jb, GiciI cwðg

cvwK Ív‡b ivóªfvlv wn‡m‡e D y©‡K Pvjy Kivi cÖ‡Póv †iva Kivi †Kv‡bv c_

†bB| ZuvivI nq‡Zv †g‡b †b‡eb| wKš‘ c~e© cvwK Ív‡bi Rb¨ evsjv wfbœ Ab¨

†Kv‡bv fvlv‡K ivóªfvlv Kivi †Kv‡bv m½Z KviY †bB|

evsjv‡K ivóªfvlv Kivi wec‡ÿ cÖavb `yÕwU hyw³‡K LÐb K‡i wZwb

†`Lvb †hÑ

1. ÔfvlvMZ wewfbœZvi Rb¨ ivóªxq HK¨ webó n‡Z cv‡iÕÑ G e³e¨

wVK bq| wZwb wewfbœ D`vniY w`‡q †`LvbÑ Ôivóªxq I fvlvMZ

e¨vcvi GK b‡n Ges fvlvMZ HK¨ ivóªxq HK¨ Avbqb K‡i bv|Õ

2. Ôevsjv ms¯‹…Z fvlvi cÖfv‡e cÖfvweZ e‡j Zv wn›`y a‡g©i evnb,

†hgb, D y© dviwm fvlvi cÖfv‡e cÖfvweZ e‡j gymwjg ms¯‹…wZi

evnb|Õ G RvZxq mg Í hyw³‡KB Wt nK AZ¨šÍ †hŠw³Kfv‡e LÐb

K‡i †`Lvb †h, ev½vjx gymjgvb‡ì ag©xq Ávb e„w× Ki‡Z n‡jI

evsjvfvlv‡K Zv‡ì Rxe‡bi cÖwZwU †ÿ‡Î ev ÍevwqZ Kivi ga¨

w`‡qB Zv Ôm¤¢eÕ|

cwi‡k‡l, wZwb evsjvfvlvi ¯c‡ÿ `„p mg_©b Ávcb K‡i e‡jb:

evsjv‡K Qvwoqv D`y©‡K ivóªfvlv iƒ‡c c~e© cvwK Ívbevmx MÖnY Kwi‡j,

Zvnv‡ì ivR‰bwZK, A_©‰bwZK I mvs¯‹…wZK g„Zz¨ Awbevh©|

Dchy©³ †jLv¸‡jv QvovI W. KvRx †gvZvnvi †nv‡mb, Aveyj Kvjvg

kvgmyÏxb, gvneye Rvgvj Rv‡q`xmn Avi¤¢ A‡b‡Ki †jLvi ga¨ w`‡q

†mw`b fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi †ÿÎ cÖ ‘Z nq| (msKwjZ)

m~Î: fvlv-Av‡›`vjb: cwi‡cÖwÿZ I wePvi

AvwZDi ingvb I †jwbb AvRv` m¤úvw`Z

9

wbix¶v

cÖ e Ü

. .

10

f~wgKv

†KejgvÎ gybvdv AR©‡bi Rb¨ bq, msev`cÎ

Ggb GKwU wkígva¨g hvi D‡Ïk¨ gy³,

¯^vaxb, MYZvwš¿K ivóª I mgvR MVb|

msev`c‡Îi BwZnv‡mi cvZv Dëv‡j †`Lv hvq,

†mB weªwUk kvmbvg‡ji ïiæ †_‡K G AÂ‡j

evOvwji AwaKvi Av`v‡qi msMÖv‡g I

Av‡›`vj‡b msev`cÎ mg‡qvc‡hvMx `vwqZ¡kxj

f~wgKv cvjb K‡i‡Q| Avi G Kvi‡Y

msev`c‡Îi MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv eiveiB cÖwZwU

evOvwji Kv‡Q cÖkœvZxZ| cvV‡Ki wek¦vm Avi

Av ’vi RvqMv †_‡KB evsjv‡`‡k msev`cÎÖ

wk‡íi weKvk N‡U‡Q| Avi GB wek¦vm Avi

Av ’vi mv‡_ hy³ n‡q‡Q evOvwji ivR‰bwZK

Avkv-AvKv•¶vi welqwU|

fvlv Av‡›`vjb Ggb GKwU Av‡›`vjb hv

mg‡qi cÖ‡qvR‡b GKwU mvs¯‹…wZK Av‡›`vjb

†_‡K MYgvby‡li cÖej `vwei gy‡L iƒcvšÍwiZ

nq ivR‰bwZK AwaKvi I MYZvwš¿K

Av‡›`vj‡b| G Av‡›`vjb cieZ©xKv‡j mv‡o

mvZ †KvwU evOvwji vaxbZvi Av‡›`vj‡bi wfZ

iPbv K‡iwQj| GB Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖwZwU ch©v‡q

msev`cÎ wQj mn‡hvMx kw³|

1952 mv‡ji fvlv Av‡›`vj‡b QvÎ,

hyemgvR, wkÿvwe`, mvs¯‹…wZK Kg©x, mvsevw`K,

msev`c‡Îi `vwqZ¡kxj f~wgKv evOvwji mvgwMÖK

†PZbvq cÖej Av‡jvob Zz‡jwQj| we‡kl K‡i,

msev`c‡Îi mg‡qvwPZ mvnmx f~wgKv GB

Av‡›`vjb‡K †`ke¨vcx †eMevb K‡i Zzj‡Z

me‡P‡q eo mn‡hvwMZv K‡iwQj| ejv hvq,

fvlv Av‡›`vjbB cÖ_g ¯vaxb msev`c‡Îi

aviYv‡K G †`‡k cÖwZôv K‡iwQj| G †`‡ki

fvlv, ms¯‹…wZ I msev`cÎ wk‡íi weKv‡ki

g~‡jI i‡q‡Q fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi HwZnvwmK

†cÖÿvcU|

Pwjøk I cÂvk `k‡Ki msev`cÎ

I fvlv A‡›`vjb

1947 mv‡j fviZ wefw³ Ges cvwK Ívb I

fviZ GB `yÕwU †`‡ki R‡b¥i ciciB ms¯‹…wZ

I ag©‡K †K› ª K‡i m„wó nq MY‡ivl I

mv¤úª`vwqK `v½v| cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi

kvmK‡Mvôx c~e© cvwK Ív‡bi evsjv fvlvfvlx‡ì

D`vi, Amv¤úª vwqK mvs¯‹…wZK PP©v I weKvk‡K

KLbB mnRfv‡e †g‡b wb‡Z cv‡iwb| Avi ZvB

cÖ_g AvNvZwU Zviv Av‡b gvZ…fvlvi Ici|

1948 mv‡ji 21 gvP© XvKvq †gvnv¤§` Avjx

wRbœvn Zuvi fvl‡Y e‡jb, Urdu and Urdushall be the state language ofPakistan’| GB fvl‡Yi cÖwZev‡` M‡R© DVj

mgMÖ mfv ’j I †`k| ivóªfvlv evsjvi `vwe‡Z

ïiæ nq Av‡›`vjb| 1948 †_‡K 1952 mvj

gvÎ Pvi eQ‡ii eëav‡b `yÕ`dvq fvlv

Av‡›`vjb n‡qwQj| 1948 mv‡j mxwgZ

AvKv‡i Ges 1952 mv‡j P~ovšÍfv‡e| fvlv

Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖviw¤¢K ch©v‡q XvKv †_‡K †Zgb

†Kv‡bv D‡jøL‡hvM¨ msev`cÎ cÖKvwkZ n‡Zv

bv| KviY G mgq cvVKwcÖq me cwÎKvB

KjKvZv †_‡K cÖKvwkZ n‡Zv| Gmg‡q

Ab¨Zg RbwcÖq cwÎKv wQj ˆ`wbK AvRv` Ges

†WBwj AeRvifvi| 1948 mv‡j ˆ`wbK AvRv`

KjKvZv †_‡K XvKvq ¯’vbvšÍwiZ nq| 1949

mv‡ji †g gv‡m nvwg`yj nK †PŠayixi †WBwj

AeRvifvi AvZ¥cÖKvk K‡i| G `yÕwU cwÎKv

QvovI †mmgq fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi ¯c‡ÿ †h

cwÎKv¸‡jv D‡jøL‡hvM¨ f~wgKv †i‡LwQj

†m¸‡jv n‡”Q, ZgyÏyb gRwj‡ki mvßvwnK

ˆmwbK, gIjvbv fvmvbxi mvßvwnK B‡ËdvK,

wm‡j‡Ui bI‡ejvj, †gvnb wgqvi ˆ`wbK

wgjøvZ, dR‡j †jvnvbxi gvwmK AMZ¨v, †dbxi

mvßvwnK msMÖvg, PÆMÖv‡gi mxgvšÍ, mvßvwnK

Bbmvd, mvßvwnK bZzb w`b, mvßvwnK bZzb

Lei, mvßvwnK c~e©evsjv, mvßvwnK Avgvi †`k|

D‡jøL¨, 1950 mv‡ji gvSvgvwS eû bZzb-

bZzb cwÎKv AvZ¥cÖKvk K‡i| Gi g‡a¨

D‡jøL‡hvM¨ n‡”Q XvKvi Aa©-mvßvwnK

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Ôb~iæj AvwgbI cÖwZkÖæwZi wcw”Qj c‡_ cv evovBqv‡QÕ,

ÔRbMY nB‡Z wew”Qbœ miKvi AvR wgwjUvixi †Rv‡iB euvwPqv Av‡QÕ

GB msL¨vi ÔwePvi PvBÕ m¤úv`Kxq‡Z †jLv nq:

Ô†`‡ki AhyZ K‡Éi mv‡_ KÉ wgjvBqv Avgv‡ì †NvlYv, ïay

QvÎ-RbZv NvZK miKvwi Kg©Pvix‡ì bqÕ GB RNb¨

nZ¨vKv‡Ði †nvZv miKv‡ii wePvi PvB cÖKvk¨ MYAv`vj‡Z|

wKš‘ hviv Lyb w`j, Rxeb w`j Zv‡ì Lyb Avi Rxeb`vbI e„_v

hvB‡e bv| RvwZ hLb jxM miKv‡ii ˆ¯ivPvi I e¨_©Zvq

¸gwiqv gwi‡ZwQj, ZLb GB knx‡ì LybB Avevi †`‡ki

Aekägbx‡Z Rxe‡bi cÖevn w`qv‡Q| Zuviv RxweZ Agi|

Zv‡ì Agi‡Z¡i Kvwnbx K_vq cÖKvk Kiv hvB‡e bv| wKš‘

fvlvi gZ ZvivI †jv‡Ki gy‡L I cÖv‡Y euvwPqv _vwK‡e| GB

Bb‡Kjvex AvIqvRB AvR †`k I knx‡ì cwievi-cwiRb‡K

DØy× KiæK, Rv‡jg‡ì cÖwZ cÖ‡Z¨K‡K ÿgZvnxb Kwiqv

ZzjyK, Rv‡jg miKv‡ii weiæ‡× Av‡cvlnxb msMÖv‡gi †cÖiYv

w`K|

GB msL¨vq gIjvbv Ave`yj nvwg` Lvb fvmvbx I Aveyj nvwk‡gi `yÕwU

wee„wZ Qvcv nq| gIjvbv fvmvbx GB Ryjy‡gi Zxeª cÖwZev` K‡ib Ges

Acivax‡ì ZvwjKv cÖKvk I wePvi `vwe K‡ib| 1952 mv‡ji 17 gvP©

msL¨vq knx` wèm cvj‡bi wewfbœ NUbv Zz‡j aiv nq| GKwU wk‡ivbvg

wQj: jxM kvnxi digvb †f‡ Í w`qv me©Î knx` wèm cvwjZ|Õ Avi

Ab¨wUi wk‡ivbvg wQj: ÔRv‡jg miKv‡ii weiæ‡× RbM‡Yi ewjô

AvIqvR| QvÎ hyeK Rbmvavi‡Yi HKë× `„p c`‡ÿc|Õ

G mgq KjKvZvq Ô`¨ †÷Umg¨vbÕ cwÎKv G †`‡k wbqwgZ AvmZ|

cwÎKvwU †mmgq fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi Ici GKvwaK wbi‡cÿ e¯‘wbô

wi‡cvU© K‡iwQj| 22 †deªæqvwi fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi Ici †÷Umg¨vb

cwÎKvi wk‡ivbvg wQj: ÔXvKvq QvÎ‡ì Dci cywj‡ki ¸wjel©Y : fvlvi

cÖkœ wb‡q cÖwZev` wgwQj : G‡m¤wj‡Z cÖwZev`|

wi‡cv‡U© cÖvq 100 Rb QvÎ †MÖdZvi Ges 16 Rb nvmcvZv‡j fwZ©

Kivi K_v cÖKvwkZ nq| Gg. Gj. G. †ì IqvKAvDU, †gŠjvbv

ZK©evMxk, kvgmywÏb Avn‡g` I LqivZ †nv‡m‡bi G‡m¤jx Z¨v‡Mi

NUbvI †÷Umg¨vb cwÎKvq wi‡cvU© AvKv‡i cÖKvwkZ nq|

fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi Ici wewfbœ we‡kølYag©x wbeÜ-cÖeÜ cÖKvk Ges

cvK ˆ¯ikvm‡bi K‡Vvi mgv‡jvPbv K‡i gvwmK ÔAMZ¨vÕ cÖkswmZ nq|

cwÎKvwUi m¤úv`K wQ‡jb dR‡j †jvnvbx| cÖKvkK wQ‡jb bvwmiæwÏb

nvq`vi myiæR, gy Ívdv b~iDj Bmjvg, ZwmKzj Avjg Lvb, gvneye Rvgvj

Rv‡n`x, Avwbm †PŠayix| Giv wQ‡jb AMZ¨vÕi wbqwgZ †jLK|

gqgbwmsn †_‡K cÖKvwkZ n‡Zv mvßvwnK Pvex| fvlv Av‡›`vj‡b

GB cwÎKvwUi f~wgKv wQj ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| 22 †deªæqvwi mvßvwnK bI‡ejvj

cwÎKvq fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi we ÍvwiZ weeiY Qvcv nq| Av‡›`vj‡bi

LyuywUbvwU Zz‡j a‡i bI‡ejvj wk‡ivbvg K‡i : MÖvg¨ we`¨vjq¸‡jv 22

†deªæqvwi †_‡K GK mßvnKvj c~Y© ag©NU cvjb K‡i| Gi Av‡M 1948

Gi 4 gvP© Zvwi‡L bI‡ejv‡j cvwK Ívb MYcwil‡ì fvlv welqK cÖ Íve

Ges Zvi m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv I wm×v‡šÍi Ici ivóªfvlv kxl©K GKwU `xN©

m¤úv`Kxq cÖKvk Kiv nq| Zv‡Z ejv nq:

cvwK¯Ívb jvf Kwievi c~‡e© c~e© cvwK Ívbx‡ì aviYv wQj †h

Zv‡ì ms¯‹…wZ, ZvnwRe, ZgÏyb mKj Ae¯’vqB AÿzYœ

_vwK‡e| cvwK¯Ívb iv‡óªi GjvKvaxb wewfbœ cÖ‡`‡ki AwaKvsk

evwm›`v gymjgvb RvwZ‡K, Zvnv‡ì g‡a¨ gvRnvex GKZv Qvov

fvlvMZ wel‡q wewfbœ cÖ‡`‡k bvbvwea cv_©K¨ iwnqv‡Q Zvnv

A¯xKvi Kwievi Dcvq †bB| hw` GK fvlvi Avwac‡Zï Rb¨

Ab¨ fvlvi cÖmvi msKzwPZ nq A_ev Ab¨ cÖ‡`‡ki fvlvi

gh©v`vnvwb nBqv‡Q Zvnvi cÖwZ AwePvi Kiv nB‡e|Õ

m¤úv`KxqÕi †k‡l cwÎKvwU‡Z kvmK‡Mvôxi cÖwZ Av‡e`b Rvbv‡bv nq:

Ôc~e© cvwK Ív‡bi ivóªfvlv I wkÿvi evnb evsjv‡K MÖnY Kiæb|

Zvnv bv nB‡j, ¯fveZB c~e© cvwK¯Ívbx‡ì g‡b GB aviYv

e×g~j nB‡Z cvwi‡e †h, c~e© cvwK Ív‡bi Dci hy³ cÖ‡`k I

cwðg cvÄv‡ei †jvK‡ì AvwacZ¨ cÖwZôv Kwievi Rb¨

evsjv‡K Av‡ Í Av‡ Í Zvi b¨vh¨ Avmb nB‡Z mivBqv †djv

nB‡Z‡Q|Õ

13

wbix¶v

1951 mv‡j XvKvi eskvj †ivW †_‡K ÔwR‡›`MxÕ bv‡g GKwU ˆ`wbK

cwÎKv cÖKvwkZ n‡Zv| c‡i Kzwgjøvi wMqvmDwÏb Avn‡g` wR‡›`Mxi ¯Z¡

wK‡b †bb| cwÎKvwUi m¤úv`K wQ‡jb Lvqiæj Kexi| c‡i cwÎKvi

bZzb bvgKiY nq msev`| Gici gvwjKvbv wbwLj cvwK¯Ívb gymwjg jxM

wK‡b †bq| Z‡e GB cwÎKvq Kg©iZ AwaKvsk mvsevw`K wQ‡jb

cÖMwZkxj, †gavex I evg‡Nulv| G‡ì g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ wQ‡jb †K wR

gy Ívdv, gy Ívdv b~iDj Bmjvg, dR‡j †jvnvbx, evnvDwÏb †PŠayix, Rûi

†nv‡mb †PŠayix, GweGg g~mv, G we Gg gwZb, `vD` Lvb gRwjk, Ave`yi

iv¾vK, nvweeyi ingvb, d‡qR Avn‡g`, †n`v‡qZ Avn‡g`, ˆmq`

†gv Ídv †nvmvBb, jyrdi nvq`vi †PŠayix, Ave`yj MwY nvRvix, mi`vi

R‡qbDÏxb, jvqjv mvgv`, KvRx †gvnv¤§` Bw`ªm, †gvnv¤§` IqvwjDjøvn,

ˆmq` b~iæwÏb, Ave yj Mvd&dvi †PŠayix cÖgyL| Giv Kg‡ewk mevB

wjd‡jU, cyw ÍKv, †cv÷vi ˆZwi BZ¨vw` Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g fvlv Av‡›`vj‡b

¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv iv‡Lb| Giv mevB fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi mg_©K I Kg©x

wQ‡jb| Z‡e gvwjKvbvi Kvi‡Y ZLb GB cwÎKv fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi

¯c‡ÿ †Kv‡bv wi‡cvU© Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| d‡j Av‡›`vj‡bi P~ovšÍ ch©v‡q

msev‡ì Ici GKvwaKevi nvgjv nq|

fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi weiæ‡× gwb©s wbDR cwÎKv eiveiB wg_¨v I

weåvwšÍg~jK msev` cwi‡ekb K‡i AvmwQj| GwU wQj cvK miKv‡ii

gyLcÎ| weÿzä RbZv 22 †deªæqvwi gwb©s wbDR cwÎKvi QvcvLvbv Rywejx

†cÖm cywo‡q †`q| gwb©s wbDR QvovI wm‡j‡Ui hyM‡fix, Avmvg †nivì

fvlv Av‡›`vjbwe‡ivax Z_¨ cwi‡ekb K‡i wbw›`Z nq| G mgq ZrKvjxb

cwðg cvwK¯Ívb †_‡K cÖKvwkZ wKQz cwÎKv fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi mwVK Z_¨

Zz‡j a‡i| 23 †deªæqvwi KivwPi eûj cÖPvwiZ ÔWbÕ cwÎKvi

m¤úv`Kxq‡Z †jLv nq: Ôevsjv fvlv‡K D`y©i mggh©v`v †`qv nB‡jI

cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi Rbmvavi‡Yi †gv‡UB AvcwËi KviY _vwK‡Z cv‡i bv|

GB m¤úv`Kxq‡Z AviI ejv nq: Bfwbs UvBgm cwÎKvi †RW G my‡jix

XvKvi cwiw¯’wZ m‡iRwg‡b Z`šÍ K‡i †j‡Lb, Ôevsjv‡K ivóªfvlv Kivi

`vexi †cQ‡b RbM‡Yi c~Y© mg_©b i‡q‡Q| †`kvZ¥‡eva GB `vexi g~j

Drm| Aek¨ we‡f`Kvgxiv c‡i Zuvnv‡ì ¯v_©wmw×i Kv‡R eënvi

Ki‡Q|Õ

msev`c‡Îi mvwnZ¨ I mvs¯‹…wZK cvZvq fvlv Av‡›`vjb

Lei, m¤úv`Kxq, Dc-m¤úv`Kxq QvovI GB msev`cÎ¸‡jvi mvwnZ¨ I

mvs¯‹…wZK cvZv¸‡jv‡ZI fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖfve Abyf~Z nq| Kwe

AvjvDwÏb Avj AvRv`, Ave`yj Mvd&dvi †PŠayix, Kwe-mvsevw`K nvmvb

nvwdRyi ingvb, d‡qR Avn‡g`, Ave`yj MwY nvRvix, dR‡j †jvnvbx,

g›Uz Lvb, Avwbm †PŠayix, gy¯Ívdv b~iDj Bmjvg, †gvnv¤§` myjZvb, Avey

Rvdi Ievq`yjøv, Gg Avi AvLZvi gyKzj, †gvnv¤§` Bw`ªm, mi`vi

R‡qbDÏxb, nvweeyi ingvb, Ave`yi iv¾vK, jyrdi nvq`vi †PŠayix,

ˆmq` †i`vIqvbyi ingvbmn †m mg‡qi Kwe-mvwnwZ¨K-†jLKiv fvlv

Av‡›`vj‡bi Ici KweZv, Mvb, Mí, cÖeÜ iPbv K‡i cvVKmgvR‡K

D¾xweZ K‡i ivLZ|

¯§„wZi wgbvi †f‡½‡Q †Zvgvi? fq Kx eÜz Avgiv GL‡bv/Pvi

†KvwU cwievi /Lvov i‡qwQ †Zv/ †h wfZ KL‡bv †Kvb ivRb¨

cv‡iwb fv½‡Z /nxivi gyKzU bxj c‡ivqvbv †Lvjv Z‡jvqvi

/Ly‡ii SwUKv ayjvq P~Y© †h c`cÖv‡šÍ/hviv eywb avb ¸Y Uvwb,

Avi Zzwj nvwZqvi nvci PvjvB/ mKj bvqK Avgiv RbZv †mB

Abb¨/B‡Ui wgbvi †f‡O‡Q, fvOzK / fq wK eÜz, †`L GKevi

Avgiv RvMix /Pvi‡KvwU cwievi| (¯§„wZ¯Í¤¢, Kwe AvjvDwÏb

Avj AvRv` )

1952 mv‡ji fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi cUf~wg‡Z Kwe AvjvDwÏb Avj AvRv‡ì

GB KweZv msev`c‡Î cÖKv‡ki cici cÖej Av‡jvob m„wó K‡i

†`ke¨vcx| Ggb †Kv‡bv evOvwj †bB hv‡K Av‡jvwoZ K‡iwb GB KweZv|

Gi Av‡e`b wQj A‡bKUv Ave`yj Mvd&dvi †PŠayix iwPZ ÔAvgvi fvB‡qi

i‡³ ivOv‡bv GKz‡k †deªæqvixÕ GB MvbwUi g‡Zv| Z‡e GB KweZvq myi

wQj bv, †`vjvwqZ Q›` wQj bv Zey I wQj Av‡jvwoZ n‡”Q| msev`c‡Î

cÖKvwkZ evqv‡bœvi †PZbvi DËvc wQj cÖej| Avi GLv‡bB wQj †mmg‡q

msev`c‡Îi MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv|

Dcmsnvi

Z‡e GK_v bv ej‡jB bq, 1948 †_‡K 1952 mvj G mgq ch©šÍ

MYgva¨g ej‡Z msev`cÎ I †iwWI‡KB †evSvZ| Gi g‡a¨ †iwWI wQj

miKvi wbqwš¿Z| ZLb bZzb †`k cvwK ÍvbÑ Kv‡RB msev`cÎ¸‡jv

miKv‡ii weiæ‡× hv‡e bv GUvB wQj ¯vfvweK| wKš‘ evOvwji ivR‰bwZK

AwaKvi Ges evsjv‡K ivóªfvlv wn‡m‡e ¯xK…wZ †`qvi cÖ‡kœ evOvwjiv wQj

Avcmnxb| Avi GB Avcmnxb Av‡›`vj‡b kw³ hywM‡qwQj †m mg‡qi

msev`cÎÖ| msev`cÎ¸‡jv hw` †mmgq mwVK Z_¨ cwi‡ekb bv KiZ

Zvn‡j fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi †PZbv †`ke¨vcx Qwo‡q coZ wKbv m‡›`n|

fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi welqwU wb‡q cÖKvwkZ Lei¸‡jv‡Z KL‡bv cÖZ¨ÿ

mg_©b, KL‡bv c‡ivÿ mg_©b, KL‡bv we‡ivwaZv, KL‡bv mwVK Z_¨,

KL‡bv AwZiwÄZ Z_¨, KL‡bv wg_¨v Z_¨ _vK‡jI ZrKvjxb

msev`cÎ¸‡jv‡Z fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi wPÎwU wVKB dz‡U D‡VwQj|

Z_¨m~Î

1. Avn‡g` iwdK, msev`c‡Î GKz‡ki fvlv Av‡›`vjb Avn‡g` iwdK,

1989, c„. 5-9

2. fvlv Av‡›`vjb cÖm½ KwZcq `vjvj (cÖ_g LÐ)

3. Avwbm †PŠayix, ivóªfvlv Av‡›`vjb : msev`cÎ, 1989, c„. 10-18

4. gynv¤§` Rvnv½xi, ÔAvRv`Õ cwÎKvq 52 mv‡ji fvlv Av‡›`vjb, 1981, c„. 3-10

5. iwdKzj Bmjvg bvwmg, wbixÿv, Rvbyqvwi- gvP©, 1981, c„. 43-46

6. †jvKgvb Avn‡g` Avgxgx, evqv‡bœvi GKz‡k †deªæqvix‡Z hv †`‡LwQ,

GKz‡ki ¯§viK MÖš’ Õ90, c„. 33-34|

†jLK: †R¨ô M‡elK, wcAvBwe

14

wbix¶v

cÖ e Ü

. .

15

evOvwji fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi m~PbvjMœ †_‡KB

GZ`Â‡ji msev`cÎ¸‡jv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv

†i‡L‡Q| fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi BwZnvm †_‡K Rvbv

hvq, cvwK Ívb ivóª cÖwZôvi Av‡M †_‡KB

evsjv‡K ivóªfvlv Kivi `vwe I‡V| †`k fv‡Mi

Av‡MB evsjv‡K ivóªfvlv Kivi c‡ÿ

eyw×Rxexiv Kjg a‡iwQ‡jb| Zv‡ì †jLv

wbqwgZB ZLbKvi cÎcwÎKvq cÖKvwkZ

n‡q‡Q| ivóªfvlv evsjvi c‡ÿ cÖ_g Kjg

a‡iwQ‡jb wewkó cÖvewÜK I bvU¨Kvi Ave`yj

nK| Zuvi GK †jLv †_‡K Rvbv hvq, 1947

mv‡ji RyjvB gv‡m evOvwj †jLKMY ivóªfvlv

evsjvi c‡¶ cÎcwÎKvq wjL‡Z Avi¤¢

K‡ib|

1

evsjv‡K ivóªfvlv Kivi c‡ÿ cÖvK&&-

cvwK¯Ívb c‡e© evOvwj †jLKiv hyw³-ZK© Zz‡j

aivi †h cÖqvm wb‡qwQ‡jb Ges msev`cÎ¸‡jv

†h Zv‡ì gZ cÖKv‡ki gva¨g n‡q D‡VwQj;

†mUv Ave`yj n‡Ki K_vq ¯úó nq|

†`k fv‡Mi Av‡M ivóªfvlv evsjvi c‡ÿ

†hme gZvg‡Zi mÜvb †g‡j Zvi cÖvq

me¸‡jvB ZLbKvi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© me msev`c‡Î

cÖKvwkZ n‡qwQj| Ave`yj nK Ôevsjvfvlv

welqK cÖ ÍveÕ kxl©K GKwU cÖeÜ wj‡LwQ‡jb|

†jLvwU Aveyj gbmyi Avng` KZ©„K m¤úvw`Z

n‡q ˆ`wbK B‡Ënv`-G cÖKvwkZ nq 1947

mv‡ji Ry‡b| cÖeÜwU `xN© nIqvq `yÕwKw Í‡Z 22

I 29 Ryb iweevmixq wefv‡M cÖKvwkZ

n‡qwQj|

2

Ave`yj nK-Gi cÖeÜ‡K B‡Ënv` †h

†ek ¸iæZ¡ w`‡qwQj Zvi cÖgvY †g‡j cici

`yÕwU iweevmixq msL¨vq yB wKw¯Í‡Z †jLvwU

cÖKvk Kivi ga¨ w`‡q| B‡Ënv‡` cÖKvwkZ †mB

†jLvB ivó«fvlv evsjvi ¯c‡¶ wjwLZ cÖ_g

cÖeÜ| Ave`yj nK Gici ÔD`©y ivó«fvlv n‡jÕ

kxl©K Av‡iKwU cÖeÜ †j‡Lb| †mwUI ˆ`wbK

B‡Ënv‡` cÖKvwkZ nq, cÖKvkKvj 1947 mv‡ji

27 RyjvB| GKB cwÎKvq mvZPwjø‡ki

RyjvB‡qi GK msL¨vq evgcš’x ZiæY mvsevw`K

gvneye Rvgvj Rv‡n`xi †jLv Ôivóªfvlv welqK

cÖ ÍveÕ kxl©K GKwU cÖeÜ cÖKvwkZ nq|

ÔcvwK¯Ív‡bi fvlv-mgm¨vÕ kxl©K GKwU cÖeÜ

†j‡Lb W. gyn¤§` knx yjøvn| Zuvi G cÖeÜwU

Aveyj Kvjvg kvgmyÏxb-Gi m¤úv`bvq ˆ`wbK

AvRv` cÖKvk K‡i 1947 mv‡ji 29 RyjvB|

mvßvwnK ev gvwmK cwÎKvI ivóªfvlv

evsjvi Av‡jvPbvq wcwQ‡q wQj bv| mvßvwnK

†eMg cwÎKv ivóªfvlv wb‡q GKwU †jLv cÖKvk

K‡i mvZPwjø‡ki 3 AvM÷| GwUI †`k fv‡Mi

Av‡Mi NUbv| D‡jøL¨, mvßvwnK †eMg-G

cÖKvwkZ †jLvwU wQj Ave`yj nK-Gi| †eMg-

G wZwb †jLvwU wj‡LwQ‡jb wg‡mm Gg. nK

QÙbv‡g| gvwmK mIMvZ cwÎKv 1354

e½v‡ãi Avwk¦‡bi msL¨vq cÖKvk K‡iwQj

diiæL Avng`-Gi ÔcvwK Ívb : ivó«fvlv I

mvwnZ¨Õ kxl©K cÖeÜ| Aek¨ ivóªfvlv evsjv

Av‡›`vjb cÖ‡kœ mIMvZ-Gi f~wgKv wQj

cÖkœwe×|

†evSv hv‡”Q, †`k fv‡Mi Av‡MB

cÎcwÎKvq ivóªfvlv evsjv welqK Av‡jvPbv

†ek fv‡jvB R‡g D‡VwQj| ivóªfvlv welqK

gZvgZ cÖKv‡ki gy³ cøvUdg© n‡q D‡VwQj

ZrKv‡ji msev`cÎ¸‡jv| ZLb msev`cÎ

Ges †eZvi Qvov G AÂ‡j AvR‡Ki g‡Zv Avi

†Kv‡bv wgwWqv wQj bv †hLv‡b AvMÖnx †Kv‡bv

gvbyl Zvi gZ cÖKvk Ki‡Z cv‡i| ¯vfvweK

Kvi‡YB †mmgq eyw×Rxexiv Zv‡ì ivóªfvlv

evsjv welqK gZ cÖKv‡ki gva¨g wn‡m‡e

msev`c‡ÎiB Avkªq wb‡q‡Qb| msev`c‡Î

cÖKvwkZ ivóªfvlv evsjv welqK †mme cÖeÜ-

wbeÜ we`» cvVK-mgv‡R wPšÍvi im`

hywM‡q‡Q|

msev`cÎ¸‡jv †Kej e¨w³-we‡k‡li gZ

cÖKv‡ki my‡hvMB m„wó K‡iwb, Zviv wb‡RivI

ivóªfvlv evsjvi c‡ÿ gZ cÖKvk K‡i‡Q|

Aek¨ me cwÎKvB ivóªfvlv evsjvi c‡ÿ

Ae ’vb †bqwb| Gmgq †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv cwÎKv

ivóªfvlv evsjvi c‡ÿ K_v e‡j‡Q, Avevi

†Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv cwÎKv mivmwi evsjv‡K ivóªfvlv

Kivi we‡ivwaZv K‡i D`©yi c‡ÿ Ae¯’vb

wb‡q‡Q| GgbwK Aviwe‡K ivóªfvlv Kivi

c‡ÿI K_v ej‡Z †`Lv †M‡Q †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv

cwÎKv‡K| †`k fv‡Mi Av‡M mIMvZ-Gi GK

m¤úv`Kxq‡Z ejv n‡qwQj-AvMvgx‡Z

cvwK Ív‡bi ivóªfvlv n‡e Ges nIqv DwPZ

fvlv Av‡›`vjb I

Avgv‡ì msev`cÎ

mvKx Avn&&mvb

16

D`©y|

3

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14

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16

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KwZcq Kg©KZ©v Gi m‡½ m¤ú„³ e‡j cÖZxqgvb nq|Õ

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cÖfve| †`Lv †M‡Q, †hme msev`c‡Îi gvwjK wQ‡jb ZrKvjxb miKv‡ii

mg_©K ev mivmwi miKvi`jxq †jvK A_ev cvwK Ívwb Av`‡k© wek¦vmx,

†mme msev`cÎ †Kv‡bv ivLXvK bv K‡iB fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi we‡ivwaZv

K‡i‡Q| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv cwÎKvi msev`Kg©xiv ivóªfvlv evsjvi `vwei

c‡ÿ _vK‡jI msev`cÎ gvwj‡Ki miKvigyLx bxwZi Kvi‡Y Zviv

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msev`c‡Î fvlv Av‡›`vjb‡Kw›`ªK wi‡cvU© I gZvgZ wb‡q mvaviY

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weÿzä K‡i‡Q, ev¯ÍeZv-ewR©Z Lei cÖKv‡ki Rb¨ Gme cwÎKv‡K

Rb‡iv‡li gy‡LI co‡Z n‡q‡Q| miKvi mg_©K cwÎKv¸‡jvi f~wgKv

RbZv N„Yvf‡i cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i‡Q|

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K‡i‡Q G evsjv †_‡K cÖKvwkZ wKQz cwÎKv| ZrKv‡ji cÖej cÖZvckvjx

K‡qKwU msev`c‡Îi we‡ivwaZv I †bwZevPK f~wgKv m‡Ë¡I ivóªfvlv

evsjv Av‡›`vj‡bi c‡ÿi kw³B Rqx n‡q‡Q|

Z_¨m~Î

1. Ave yj nK, fvlv-Av‡›`vj‡bi Avw`ce©|

2. ekxi Avj‡njvj, fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi BwZnvm, c…ôv-189|

3. Avng` iwdK, bvbv loh‡š¿i wkKvi ivó«fvlv Av‡›`vjb, ˆ`wbK

B‡ËdvK, 21 †deªæqvwi, 2014|

4. Avng` iwdK, cÖv¸³|

5. eìæÏxb Dgi, c~e© evOjvi fvlv Av‡›`vjb I ZrKvjxb ivRbxwZ,

wØZxq LÐ, c„. 253|

6. Ave yj Mvd&dvi †PŠayix, fvlv msMÖv‡g msev`c‡Îi f~wgKv Ges Av‡iv

wKQy K_v, ˆ`wbK B‡ËdvK, 07 †deªæqvwi, 2016|

7. eìæÏxb Dgi, c~e© evOjvi fvlv Av‡›`vjb I ZrKvjxb ivRbxwZ,

Z…Zxq LÐ, c„. 238|

8. ekxi Avj‡njvj, fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi BwZnvm, c„. 378|

9. Ave yj Mvd&dvi †PŠayix, cÖv¸³|

10. ekxi Avj‡njvj, cÖv¸³, c„. 371|



13. eìæÏxb Dgi, c~e© evOjvi fvlv Av‡›`vjb I ZrKvjxb ivRbxwZ:

Z…Zxq LÐ, c„. 358|



16. Avng` iwdK, cÖv¸³|

17. eìæÏxb Dgi, c~e© evOjvi fvlv Av‡›`vjb I ZrKvjxb ivRbxwZ:

Z…Zxq LÐ, c„. 310|

18. eìæÏxb Dgi, cÖv¸³, 313|

19. eìæÏxb Dgi, cÖv¸³, 312|

20. Ave yj Mvd&dvi †PŠayix, cÖv¸³|


†jLK: mnKvix m¤úv`K, ˆ`wbK msev`

evqvbœÕi 23†k †deªæqvwi GK iv‡Zi g‡a¨ ˆZwi Kiv nq knx` wgbvi|

26†k †deªæqvwi byiæj Avgxb miKvi GwU aŸsm I wbg~©j K‡i †`q

wbix¶v

cÖ e Ü

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cuwP‡k gv‡P©i (1971) KvjivwÎi `ytmn ¯§…wZ

GLbI Avgv‡ì A‡b‡Ki gb †_‡K †gv‡Qwb|

†h iv‡Z XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Aa¨vcK,

mvsevw`Kmn AmsL¨ eyw×Rxex‡K cvwK¯Ív‡bi

nvbv`vi evwnbx Zv‡ì †Kvjve‡iUi

RvgvqvZx‡ì mnvqZvq b…ksmfv‡e nZ¨v

K‡iwQj| GKB eQi 14 wW‡m¤i nvbv`vi

evwnbxi mn‡hvMx Rvgvqv‡Zi wewfbœ MÖæc

Avjeì, Avjkvgm BZ¨vwì Øviv Av‡iK `dv

eyw×Rxex nZ¨v P‡j| d‡j †R¨vwZg©q

¸nVvKyiZv, †Mvwe›` †è, gybxi †PŠayix,

wmivRyÏxb †nv‡mb, †gvdv¾j nvq`vi †PŠayix

cÖgyL AmsL¨ knx‡ì bvg Avgv‡ì ¯vaxbZvi

BwZnv‡m ’vqxfv‡e Avmb wb‡q‡Q|

GB nZ¨vKv‡Ði Pyqvwjøk eQi AwZµvšÍ

n‡q‡Q| AvR Avevi †mB 25 gvP©| GB

nZ¨vKv‡Ði GKUv êwkó¨ GB †h, GB nZ¨vKvÐ

GLbI eÜ nqwb| NvZK †mB RvgvqvZ Ges

Zv‡ì †gŠjev`x mš¿vmx Dc`j¸‡jv| GKvË‡i

cvwK¯Ív‡bi nvbv`v‡iiv ivRc‡_ MYnZ¨v

Pvwj‡q‡Q Ges N‡i N‡i Xy‡K †`‡ki kxl©

eyw×Rxex‡ì ea¨f~wg‡Z a‡i G‡b‡Q Zv‡ì

†Kvjve‡iUi Rvgvqv‡Zi Øviv m…ó ivRvKvi I

Avje`‡ii `j| †Zgwb eZ©gvb evsjv‡`‡kI

cvwK¯Ív‡bi RvšÍv-ivRbxwZi Abymvix weGbwc

Pvjv‡”Q ivRc‡_ Av‡›`vj‡bi bv‡g mš¿vm Ges

†c‡Uªvj‡evgv Qy‡o wbixn gvbyl nZ¨v Avi

RvgvqvZ GB MYnZ¨viI mn‡hvMx Ges Zv‡ì

b…ksmZv eyw×Rxex nZ¨vq|

MZ Pyqvwjøk eQ‡i RvgvqvZ Ges

†gŠjev`x mš¿vmx‡ì nv‡Z hZ eyyw×Rxex I

gy³gbv gvbyl wbnZ n‡q‡Q (ûgvqyb AvRv`,

ivRxe I AwfwRr ivq ch©šÍ) Zvu‡ì bv‡gi

ZvwjKv ˆZwi Ki‡j Zuv‡ì msL¨v GKvË‡ii

knx` eyw×Rxex‡ì msL¨vi KvQvKvwQ †cŠu‡Q

hv‡e| Avgv‡K XvKvq MYRvMiY g‡Âi GK

ZiæY †bZv e‡j‡Qb, ÒeZ©gvb nvwmbv miKvi

nq‡Zv cvi‡eb bv A_ev mgq cv‡eb bv; wKš‘

Avgiv wbwðZ, fwel¨‡Z †Kv‡bv mvnmx

MYZvwš¿K miKvi ¶gZvq G‡m GKvË‡ii

nZ¨vi avivevwnKZvq cieZ©xKv‡j †hme

eyw×Rxex I †mKy¨jvi ivR‰bwZK †bZv

¯^vaxbZvwe‡ivax Ackw³ Ges †gŠjev`x

mš¿vmx‡ì nv‡Z wbnZ n‡q‡Qb, Zv‡ì GgbwK

weGbwcÕi mš¿v‡m iv¯Ívq cy‡o giv gy‡U

gRyi‡ìI knx` AvL¨v †`‡eb| Zv‡ì Rb¨

bZyb knx` Í¤¢ ˆZwi n‡e Ges AvR hviv Zv‡ì

nZ¨v Ki‡Q, Zv‡ì hy×vcivax †NvlYv Kiv

n‡e|Ó Avwg MYRvMiY g‡Âi GB ZiæY

†bZv‡K e‡jwQ, GB bZyb hy×vcivax‡ì

ZvwjKvq Lv‡j`v wRqv Ges Zvi cyÎ Zv‡iK

ingv‡bi bvgI hy³ Kiv m½Z n‡e| bB‡j GB

ZvwjKv Am¤ú~Y© _vK‡e|

XvKvi Av‡iK ZiæY eøMvi eÜy (bvgwU Zvi

Aby‡iv‡aB †Mvcb ivLjvg) Avgv‡K

Rvwb‡q‡Qb, 1971 mvj †_‡K 2015 ch©šÍ

evsjv‡`‡k hZ eyw×Rxex I gy³gbv eøMvi

†gŠjev`x `vbe‡ì nv‡Z wbnZ n‡q‡Qb wZwb

Zv‡ì GKwU ZvwjKv ˆZwi Ki‡Qb| wZwb

wew¯§Z n‡q j¶¨ Ki‡Qb, Õ71 mv‡ji gvP© I

wW‡m¤i gv‡m wbnZ wek¦we`¨vjq wk¶K I

eyw×Rxex‡ì g‡a¨ `yÕGKRb RvgvqvZcš’xI

Av‡Qb| wZwb Gi KviYUv Lyu‡R cv‡”Qb bv|

Zv‡K Avwg e‡jwQ, KviYUv AwZ mnR|

cÖ_‡g cvwK¯Ívwb nvbv`v‡iiv wb‡RivB evOvwj

eyw×Rxex nZ¨vi `vwqZ¡Uv wb‡qwQj|

eyw×Rxex‡ì bv‡gi ZvwjKvwU ˆZwi K‡i

w`‡qwQj RvgvqvZ| cvwK¯Ívwb ˆmbïv

eyw×Rxex‡ì bvg-weåv‡U `yÕGKRb

RvgvqvZcš’x eyw×Rxex‡K nZ¨v K‡i †dj‡ZB

RvgvqvZ †bZv‡ì UbK b‡o| d‡j

nvbv`vi‡ì AbygwZµ‡g Rvgvqv‡Zi NvZK

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eyw×Rxex‡ì a‡i Avbv I Zv‡ì nZ¨vq `vwqZ¡

†bq| GRb¨B 1971 mv‡ji wW‡m¤i gv‡mi

eyw×Rxex nZ¨vi †MvUv KvÐwUB N‡U RvgvqvZx

NvZK‡ì nv‡Z| ZvivB eyw×Rxex‡ì a‡i

ea¨f~wg‡Z G‡b nvbv`vi‡ì nv‡Z Zy‡j †`q

Ges b…ksm nZ¨vKv‡Ð Ask †bq|

GKvË‡ii gvP© gv‡mi GKwU fyj RvgvqvZ

Gfv‡e ïa‡i wb‡qwQj| GB eQi 25 gv‡P©i

KvjivwÎ‡Z cvwK¯Ívwb nvbv`v‡iiv XvKv

wek¦we`¨vj‡qi wk¶K‡ì evmvq nvbv †`q Ges

Rvgvqv‡Zi †`qv ZvwjKv Abyhvqx wk¶K‡ì

a‡i nZ¨v K‡iwQj| nvbv`vi‡ì ee©iZv Ggb

GKvË‡ii cuwP‡k gvP© I eyw×Rxex

nZ¨vi eZ©gvb avivevwnKZv cÖm‡½

Ave yj Mvd&&dvi †PŠayix

20

Pi‡g †cŠu‡QwQj †h, Zviv Mfxi iv‡Z GKRb Aa¨vcK ev

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nZ¨v K‡i IB Ke‡i jvk †d‡j †`q|

GB mgq nvbv`v‡iiv GKwU fyj K‡i|

wek¦we`¨vj‡qi †hme wk¶K‡K nZ¨v Kivi Rb¨ RvgvqvZ

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wQ‡jb cÖMwZkxj Kwe I mvwnwZ¨K Ges Rvgvqv‡Zi

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AvdMvb hy‡×i mgq weivUmsL¨K Zv‡jevb m`m¨ I

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Afy¨Ìvb NUv‡bvi †Póv weGbwci Av‡iKwU eo KxwZ©|

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n‡q‡Q Giv bvw ÍK, ag©‡`ªvnx I Bmjv‡gi AegvbbvKvix|

GB gbyl¨Z¡‡evanxb mš¿vmx‡ì jv÷ bq, †j‡U÷ wkKvi

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Aegvbbv wQj| Avwg gy³gbv GB Ziæ‡Yi eû †jLv

c‡owQ| wZwb ag©vÜZvi we‡ivax wQ‡jb, a‡g©i bq| a‡g©i wek¦vm Ges

weÁv‡bi m‡Zï g‡a¨ †h we‡iva wZwb †mLv‡b weÁv‡bi mZ¨‡K mg_©b

K‡i‡Qb| GB gy³ Av‡jvPbv mgvR-cÖMwZi Rb¨ Acwinvh©|

ag© wb‡q Av‡jvPbv-mgv‡jvPbv a‡g©i Aegvbbv bq| BmjvgI ag©

wb‡q GB Av‡jvPbv-mgv‡jvPbv mg_©b K‡i| Bmjv‡gi gnvbexI (`t)

ag©xq wewaweav‡bi hy‡Mvc‡hvMx Kivi K_v e‡j †M‡Qb| evievi e‡j‡Qb,

a‡g© Rei`w Í †bB, ag© wb‡q evovevwo K‡iv bv| Zvn‡j a‡g©i bv‡g

wmwiqv †_‡K evsjv‡`k ch©šÍ †h gvbyl nZ¨v (†ewki fvM gymjgvb)

Pj‡Q, Zv wK Bmjvgm¤§Z? m¤cÖwZ g°vÕq AbywôZ GK wek¦ Ijvgv

m‡¤§j‡b †NvlYv Kiv n‡q‡Q, mš¿v‡m Bmjv‡gi Aby‡gv`b †bB| ZvB hw`

nq Zvn‡j Bmjvg I gnvbexi (`t) bvg fvw½‡q hviv gymjgvb n‡q

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msN)|

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nZ¨vi e¨vcv‡i NvZK wkwei †_‡K ejv nq, Giv ag©‡`Övnx wQj Ges

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cÖwZôvZv †bZv gIjvbv Aveyj Avjv gI`y`xi ag© m¤úwK©Z wewfbœ eB‡Z

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Aegvbbv e‡j MY¨ Kiv hvq| KB, †mR‡b¨ gIjvbv gI`y`x‡K †Zv

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†Póv K‡iwb|

1971 mv‡j gvP© I wW‡m¤i gv‡m †hme evOvwj eyw×Rxex‡K nZ¨v

Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv‡ì AwaKvskB wQ‡jb gymjgvb| Zv‡ì g‡a¨ hviv

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gnvbex‡K (`t) wb‡q †Kv‡bv Av‡jvPbv K‡ibwb, AegvbbvKi gšÍe¨ Kiv

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†Kb? cvwK¯Ívb we‡ivwaZv Ges ¯vaxbZv I MYZ‡š¿i c‡¶ Ae ’vb †bqvi

Rb¨B wK Zv‡ì nZ¨v Kiv nqwb? Bmjvg i¶vi bv‡g GB nZ¨vKvÐ wK

Bmjvgm¤§Z? `jxq ¯v_©wmw× I ivóªxq ¶gZv `L‡ji Rb¨ Bmjv‡gi bvg

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GKvË‡ii eyw×Rxex nZ¨v Ges cieZ©x 2015 mvj ch©šÍ AwfwRr I

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cÖ e Ü

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MÖv‡g hv‡ì wbR¯ Nievwo †bB ZvivI MÖv‡g

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w`‡q‡Q, bv †L‡q Lvevi w`‡q‡Q| A‡b‡K

gyw³hy‡×i bqgvm MÖv‡g KvwU‡q‡Q| Avevi

A‡b‡K MÖvg †_‡K fvi‡Z P‡j †M‡Q, fvi‡Z

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K‡i‡Q| MÖvg¸‡jv wQj ZLb wbivc` wVKvbv|

Ggb MÖvgI A‡bK wQj †hLv‡b cvKevwnbx

†h‡Z cv‡iwb| PivÂ‡j †mme MÖv‡g

gyw³‡hv×viv K¨v¤ú K‡i cÖwkÿY wb‡q‡Qb|

cÖwkÿY †k‡l wbKUeZ©x cvKevwnbxi K¨v‡¤ú

†Mwijv nvgjv K‡i‡Qb| MÖvg¸‡jv wQj

gyw³‡hv×v‡ì NuvwU| mÜ¨v n‡jB MÖvg †_‡K

Kv‡Qi kn‡i wM‡q nvbv`vi evwnbxi Ici

nvgjv cwiPvjbv K‡i wcQz nUvÑG wQj †Mwijv

hy‡×i †KŠkj| †gvUvgywU wW‡m¤‡ii AvM ch©šÍ

†Kv‡bv eo ai‡bi nvgjv bv Pvwj‡q kÎæ

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bó KivB wQj jÿ¨| wKš‘ MÖvg¸‡jvI †ewkw`b

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XzK‡Z bv †c‡i bZzb †KŠkj Aej¤b K‡i|

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nvZ a‡i MwVZ nq ivRvKvi, Avjeì I

Avjkvgm evwnbx| gymwjg jxM, RvgvqvZ,

†bRv‡g Bmjvg I †LjvdZ gRwj‡mi cÖPviYv

I cÖfv‡e M‡o IVv Gme evwnbxi g`‡`

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nq nZ¨v, AwMœms‡hvM I jyUZivR| w`‡bi

†ejvq MÖvg¸‡jv nvbv`vi evwnbx I ivRvKvi,

Avje`‡ii `L‡j _vK‡jI mÜ¨v bvgvi mv‡_-

mv‡_ gyw³‡hv×viv Acv‡ikb ïiæ Ki‡Zb|

ivZfi †Mwijv AvµgY cwiPvjbv K‡i †fvi

nIqvi Av‡MB †Kv‡bv evwo‡Z wKsev †Svc-

R½‡j Avkªq wb‡Zb| gyw³‡hv×viv †Kv‡bv

evwo‡Z Avkªq cÖv_©bv Ki‡j evwoi gvwjK I

gv-†ev‡biv Zv‡ì‡K Avb›`wP‡Ë Avkªq w`Z|

_vKv-LvIqvi myeë¯’v KiZ| mvivw`b

AvZ¥‡Mvc‡b †_‡K mÜ¨v n‡jB gyw³‡hv×viv

Acv‡ik‡b †ewi‡q co‡Zb| welqwU RvbvRvwb

n‡j cvK‡mbviv †mB evwo‡Z nvgjv KiZ Ges

cy‡iv MÖv‡g nZ¨vhÁ PvjvZ| wbwðý n‡q †hZ

†mB MÖvg| ZeyI MÖv‡gi gvbyl †_‡g hvqwb|

hviv cÖv‡Y †eu‡P †M‡Qb Zviv fvi‡Z wM‡q

†Uªwbs wb‡q‡Qb| †Uªwbs wb‡q Zviv Avevi MÖv‡g

wM‡q cÖwZ‡iva M‡o Zz‡j‡Qb| Gfv‡e MÖv‡g-

MÖv‡g gyw³‡hv×v‡ì `yM© M‡o DV‡Z _v‡K|

GKvË‡i MÖvgevsjv

e½eÜzi Wv‡KB gyw³hy×


22

gyw³hy‡×i bqgvm MÖvgevsjv wQj nvbv`vi evwnbxi AvZs‡Ki bvg Avi

gyw³‡hv×v‡ì Rb¨ Avkªq| MÖv‡gi gvbyl mnR-mij Ges kvwšÍwcÖq|

Zviv AZme ivRbxwZ eySZ bv| †jLvcov bv Rvbv MÖv‡gi gvby‡li

Pvwn`v wQj †gvUv fvZ Avi †gvUv Kvco| Avwg©, cywjk, ivB‡dj Avi

†gwkbMvb Gme †Kv‡bv w`bB Zviv †Pv‡L †`‡Lwb| Zv‡ì Ici Pvwc‡q

†`qv n‡q‡Q hy×Ñ gyw³hy×| wbixn I wbiciva MÖv‡gi gvbyl‡K ¸wj K‡i

nZ¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zviv cÖZ¨ÿ K‡i‡Q nZ¨v, al©Y I jyUZivR|

gyw³hy‡×i bqgvm Zv‡ì cÖwZwU gyn~Z© †K‡U‡Q AvZsK I f‡qi g‡a¨|

†h †Q‡jwU gyw³hy‡× †M‡Q †m K‡e wd‡i Avm‡e wKsev Av‡`Š wd‡i

Avm‡e wK-bv Rvb‡Zb bv Zvi evev-gv| †h †Q‡jwU GLbI gyw³hy‡×

hvqwb Zv‡K KLb cvK‡mbviv †Pv‡Li mvg‡b ¸wj K‡i nZ¨v K‡i, KLb

Zvi Nievwo R¡vwj‡q-cywo‡q †`q, KLb Zuv‡K Ôgyw³i evevÕ e‡j ¸wj

K‡i nZ¨v Kiv nqÑ Ggwb fqsKi bvbv AvZs‡K †K‡U‡Q MÖv‡gi gvby‡li

Rxeb| ivRvKvi-Avjeì evwnbx M‡o IVvi Av‡M †h MÖvg¸‡jv wQj

wbivc` wVKvbv, †mB MÖvg¸‡jvB Av‡¯Í-Av‡¯Í AvZsK ¯’v‡b cwiYZ nq|

MÖv‡gi gvby‡li g‡a¨ GKUv wek¦vm I Avkv wQj †h, Rq Avgv‡ì n‡eB|

7B gv‡P©i HwZnvwmK fvl‡Y e½eÜz cÖZ¨q e¨³ K‡iwQ‡jb †h, ÒAvgiv

hLb gi‡Z wk‡LwQ ZLb †KD Avgv‡ì‡K `vwe‡q ivL‡Z cvi‡e bv|

Gev‡ii msMÖvg Avgv‡ì gyw³i msMÖvg, Gev‡ii msMÖvg Avgv‡ì

¯vaxbZvi msMÖvg| Rq evsjvÓ| 7B gv‡P©i G fvlY Zv‡ì‡K A‡bK

cÖZ¨qx I D¾xweZ K‡iwQj| G fvlY gyw³hy‡×i bqgvm MÖv‡gi gvbyl‡K

Aby‡cÖiYv hywM‡q‡Q| e½eÜzi Av`k© I †bZ…Z¡ Zv‡ì mvg‡b wQj e‡j

Zviv †h †Kv‡bv Z¨vM ¯xKv‡i cÖ ‘Z wQ‡jb| e½eÜz wQ‡jb Zv‡ì cÖv‡Yi

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c„w_ex‡Z nq‡Zv Avi †Kv‡bvw`b Avm‡e bv| hv †nvK, 7B gv‡P©i

HwZnvwmK G fvl‡Y e½eÜz evOvwj RvwZ‡K wb‡ ©kbv w`‡q e‡jwQ‡jb,

ÒAvwg hw` ûKzg wèvi bvI cvwi †Zvgiv iv ÍvNvU hv wKQz Av‡Q me eÜ

K‡i w`‡e| †h ch©šÍ Avgvi evsjvi gvby‡li gyw³ bv n‡e †m ch©šÍ

LvRbv-U¨v· eÜ K‡i †`qv n‡jv, †KD †`‡e bv| hw` †iwWI Avgv‡ì

K_v bv e‡j †Kv‡bv evOvwj †iwWIÕ‡Z hv‡eb bv, hw` †Uwjwfkb

Avgv‡ì wbDR bv †`q †Kv‡bv evOvwj †Uwjwfk‡b hv‡eb bvÓ| e½eÜzi

AvnŸv‡b mvov w`‡q MÖv‡gi gvbyl gyw³hy‡× Ask wb‡q‡Qb, me© nvwi‡qI

Zviv wcQcv nbwb| gyw³hy‡× A‡bK gv AKv‡j weaev n‡q‡Qb, A‡b‡K

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wbix¶v

1971 mv‡j 7B gvP© e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b fvlY †`b| wZwb †NvlYv K‡ib ÔGev‡ii msMÖvg Avgv‡ì gyw³i msMÖvg, Gev‡ii msMÖvg Avgv‡ì

¯vaxbZvi msMÖvg| Rq evsjv

GKvË‡ii 25†k gvP© Kvj ivwÎ‡Z XvKvi ivRc‡_ jv‡ki wgwQj

25†k gvP© 1971 Kvjiv‡Z cvK nvbv`vi evwnbxi U¨vs‡Ki ¸wj Avi †MÖ‡b‡Wi

AvNv‡Z weaŸ Í ˆ`wbK B‡ËdvK Awdm I †cÖm

23

wbix¶v

gvbyl wb‡R bv †L‡q gyw³‡hv×v‡ì Lv`¨

w`‡q‡Qb, MÖv‡gi gv-†ev‡biv gyw³‡hv×v‡ì

Avkªq w`‡q‡Qb Ges hy‡×i mgq A¯¿ GwM‡q

w`‡q‡Qb| hy×vnZ gyw³‡hv×v‡ì †mev-ïkÖƒlv

K‡i‡Qb| MÖv‡gi gvbyl wQj Avcmnxb| kvwšÍ

KwgwUi m`m¨‡ì ûgwK-avgwK, AZ¨vPvi-

wbh©vZ‡bi gy‡LI Zviv Avcm K‡ibwb|

KwjRvi UzKiv †Q‡jwU‡K gyw³hy‡×

cvwV‡q‡Qb| Avi ivRvKvi-Avjeì I

nvbv`vi evwnbxi †`vmi‡ì mKvj-weKvj Mvwj

w`‡q‡Qb Ges my‡hvM †c‡j SuvUv w`‡q

wcwU‡q‡Qb| gyw³hy‡×i bqgvm Zv‡ì mvnm I

Avkv hywM‡q‡Q ¯vaxb evsjv †eZvi †K›`ª|

mÜ¨v n‡jB †h evwo‡Z UªvbwR÷vi †mU wQj †m

evwo‡Z gvbyl R‡ov n‡Zv| ¯vaxb evsjv †eZvi

†K‡›`ªi iYv½‡bi Lei, gyw³‡hv×v‡ì weRq,

e½eÜzi 7B gv‡P©i fvlY, PigcÎ I

†`kvZ¥‡evaK Mvb BZ¨vw` Zv‡ì‡K D¾xweZ

KiZ| wewewm I f‡qm Ae Av‡gwiKv bZzb

†Kv‡bv Avkvi evYx †kvbvq wK-bv Zvi Rb¨

gvbyl A‡cÿv Ki‡Zb| evsjv‡`‡ki MYnZ¨v

cÖ‡kœ RvwZmsN wK gšÍe¨ K‡i, wbivcËv

cwil‡` †Kv‡bv cÖ Íve I‡V wK-bv Ges e½eÜzi

gyw³i Rb¨ †Kv‡bv `vwe I‡V wK-bv Gm‡ei

Rb¨ MÖv‡gi gvbyl Av‡eM Avi DrKÉv wb‡q w`b

¸Y‡Zb| we‡kl K‡i gyw³hy‡×i bqgvm ¯vaxb

evsjv †eZvi †K›`ª n‡Z cÖPvwiZ †`kvZ¥‡evaK

Mvb, PigcÎ Ges AvKvkevYx †eZvi †K‡› ªi

Lei I msev` ch©v‡jvPbv GmeB wQj

MÖvgevsjvi gvby‡li Avkvi Av‡jv|

b`xgvZ…K wQj evsjv‡`k| b`-b`x cÖavb

MÖvgevsjv wQj cvKevwnbxi g„Zz¨K~c| †bŠKv,

jÂ wKsev Mvb‡evU‡hv‡M †Kv_vI iIqvbv

n‡jB gyw³evwnbx PZzw`©K †_‡K AvµgY

PvjvZ| G‡Z mwjj mgvwa n‡Zv nvbv`vi evwn -

bxi| G f‡q Hme GjvKvq Iiv †hZ bv|

Uv½vB‡ji fyqvcyi, bvMicyi, wmivRM‡Äi

KvwRcyi, †PŠnvjx, Rvgvjcy‡ii gv`viMÄ I

†gjv›`n Ges MvBevÜvi K‡qKwU Dc‡Rjvq

cvKevwnbx XzK‡ZI cv‡iwb| nvBKgv‡Ûi

wb‡`©k _vKv m‡Ë¡I cvK‡mbviv Gme ¯’v‡b

†Kv‡bv Acv‡ikbI cwiPvjbv K‡iwb| gqgb -

wmsn, Uv½vBj, Rvgvjcyi, wK‡kviMÄ Ges

XvKv †_‡K hviv gyw³hy‡× †hZ Zviv G iæ‡UB

fvi‡Zi g‡n›`ªM‡Ä cvwo Rgv‡Zb| 11 bs

†m±‡ii gyw³‡hv×viv G c‡_B iYv½‡b cÖ‡ek

Ki‡Zb| gyw³hy‡×i bqgvmB nvbv`vi evwnbxi

`Ljgy³ wQj Rvgvjcy‡ii gv`viMÄ I

†gjv›`n _vbv| mwilvevwo‡Z wQj cvK

nvbv`vi evwnbxi K¨v¤ú| G K¨v‡¤úi `vwq‡Z¡

wQj `xN©‡`nx Ges †gvUv GK †gRi| wgTv

gymv Avng` bv‡g G †ejyP †mbv Kg©KZ©vi wQj

yišÍ mvnm Ges ˆ`wnK kw³| GKm‡½ `yB

nv‡Z A ¿ wb‡q uvwo‡q hy× KiZ G cvK

†mbvcwZ| j¤v †Muvd _vKvi Kvi‡Y †jv‡K

Zv‡K gyQviæ e‡j RvbZ| fqsKi †Pnvivi

Kvi‡Y Zuv‡K †`‡LB A‡b‡Ki f‡q Kvco bó

n‡q †hZ| XvKv †_‡K Zv‡K evievi gv`viMÄ

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gv`viMÄ †Kv wn› y¯’vb Kvivi w`qvÕ| ÔA_©vr

gv`viM‡Äi K_v †ewk e‡jv bv| Avwg

gv`viMÄ‡K wn›`y¯’vb (†NvlYv) K‡i w`‡qwQ|Õ

Gfv‡e b`-b`x¸‡jv gyw³hy‡× Avgv‡ì‡K

AvM‡j †i‡LwQj| cvKevwnbxI †kl w`‡K G

b`x‡K Kv‡R jvMv‡Z †Póv K‡i‡Q| wbixn

gvbyl I gyw³‡hv×v‡ì‡K a‡i wb‡q b`xi Zx‡i

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b`-b`xi g‡Zv cvnvo I R½j¸‡jv wQj cvK

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†Mwijv Kvq`vq cvnv‡oi P~ov n‡Z

cvKevwnbxi mv‡Rvqv Mvwo‡Z AvµgY KiZ|

†Kv‡Ì‡K ¸wj AvmZ Iiv a‡i DV‡Z cviZ

bv| †Mwijv gvi †L‡q Iiv ciÿ‡Y cvnv‡oi

Ici wegvb nvgjv PvjvZ wKš‘ ZZÿ‡Y gyw³iv

†mLvb †_‡K P‡j †hZ wbivc` wVKvbvq|

MÖv‡gi gvbyl we‡kl K‡i P‡ii gvbyl

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mvn‡mi cwiPq w`‡q‡Qb| †`kxq jvwV‡mvVv,

Zxi, †UUv BZ¨vw` w`‡q Zviv A‡bK RvqMvq

cvKevwnbx‡K cÖwZ‡iva K‡i‡Qb| XvKv n‡Z

†Rjv kni¸‡jv‡Z hvIqvi mgq MÖv‡gi gvbyl

iv¯Ívq Mv‡Qi Wzg †d‡j wKsev †mZz †f‡O

cÖwZeÜKZv m„wó K‡i‡Qb| BwcAvi, cywjk,

Avbmvi I evOvwj †mbv hviv cvKevwnbx‡K

cÖwZ‡iv‡ai †Póv K‡i‡Qb MÖv‡gi gvbyl

gyw³hy‡×i ïiæ‡Z Zv‡ì‡K mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Qb|

cieZ©x‡Z cÖwkÿY wb‡q mk¯¿ gyw³hy×

K‡i‡Qb MÖv‡gi gvbyl|

gyw³hy‡× evsjv‡`‡ki 68 nvRvi M Öv‡gi

cÖwZwU MÖv‡giB Av‡Q wbR¯ †Kv‡bv bv †Kv‡bv

weR‡qi Mí| Av‡Q msMÖvg I Z¨v‡Mi bvbv

Kvwnbx| wn› y Rb-Aay¨wlZ MÖvg¸‡jv wQj

nvbv`vi evwnbxi cÖ_g Uv‡M©U| MÖv‡gi ci MÖvg

Av¸b w`‡q R¡vwj‡q †`qv n‡q‡Q| wn›` y‡ì

Nievwo‡Z P‡j‡Q jyUcvU, AwMœms‡hvM I bvix

wbh©vZb| wn› yiv Rxeb euvPv‡Z fvi‡Z Avkªq

wb‡qwQj| Avi Zv‡ì Nievwo, RvqMv-Rwg I

eëmv cÖwZôvb¸‡jv P‡j wM‡qwQj kvwš Íevwnbxi

m`m¨‡ì `L‡j| MÖv‡gi gvbyl gyw³hy×

K‡i‡Qb, m‡e©v”P Z¨vM ¯xKvi K‡i‡Qb e½eÜzi

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ZeyI †Zvgiv hy× Pvwj‡q hv‡e, N‡i-N‡i yM©

M‡o †Zv‡jvÕÑ e½eÜzi G Wv‡K M Övgevsjvi

gvbyl mwZ¨ N‡i-N‡i yM© M‡o Z z‡jwQ‡jb|

16B wW‡m¤i †`k ¯vaxb n‡jI MÖvgevsjvi

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gyw³ I ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki gvwU‡Z Zuvi

cÖZ¨veZ©‡bi Rb¨ MÖvgevsjvi gvbyl cÖni

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Zv‡ì cÖv‡Yi gvbylwU †`‡k wd‡i Avm‡eb

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e½eÜzÕi R‡b¨ bdj bvgvR c‡o‡Qb Ges bvb -

vfv‡e cÖv_©bv K‡i‡Qb| GB wQj †mw`‡bi

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m¤úv`K, wcAvBwe

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N‡i `yM© M‡o Zz‡jwQ‡jb

cÖ e Ü

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24

f~wgKv

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25

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Avi Lvivc gvbyl AvB‡bi g‡aÏ duvK‡dvKi †Luv‡R|

UxKv: k¨vbb †ev‡q‡bi (2007) ÔGw_Km A¨vÛ cvewjK

wi‡jkbmÕ kxl©K cÖeÜ AbymiY Kiv n‡q‡Q| I‡qe wVKvbv:

www.instituteforpr.org/ethics-and-public-relations/

Z_¨m~Î

1. Bivins, T. H. (1989). Are public relations textscovering ethics adequately? Journal of MassMedia Ethics, 4(1), 39-52.

2. Bowen, S. A. (2002b). Elite executives in issuesmanagement: The role of ethical paradigms indecision making. Journal of Public Affairs, 2(4),270-283.

3. Bowen, S. A., & Heath, R. L. (2006). Under themicroscope: Ethics in business. Communicationworld, 23(1), 34-36.

4. Bowen, S. A., Heath, R. L., Lee, J., Painter, G.,Agraz, F. J., McKie, D., et al. (2006). The busi-ness of truth: A guide to ethical communication.San Francisco, CA: International Association ofBusiness Communicators.

5. Cutlip, S. M., Center, A. H. & Broom, G. M.(2006). Effective public relations (9th ed.). NJ:Pearson Education International.

6. Grunig, J. E., & Hunt, T. (1984). Managing pub-lic relations. New York: Holt, Rinehart andWinston.

7. Heath, R. L., & Bowen, S. A. (2002). The publicrelations philosophy of John W. Hill: Bricks inthe foundation of issues management. Journal ofPublic Affairs, 2(4), 230-246.

8. Kruckeberg, D. (2000). The public relationspractitioner’s role in practicing strategic ethics.Public Relations Quarterly, 45(3), 35-40.

9. Pratt, C. A., & Rentner, T. L. (1989). What’sreally being taught about ethical behavior.Public Relations Review, 15(1), 53-66.

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KvR Kivi ZvwM` †`qv n‡q‡Q hv‡Z mswkøó mKj

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I MÖvnK‡ì cÖwZ AvbyMZ¨ iÿv Kivi K_v ejv

n‡q‡Q| GB avivq †ckvMZ mZZvi Ici ¸iæZ¡

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KvR¸‡jv †_‡K weiZ _vKvi Rb¨ Rbms‡hvM

Kg©x‡ì ZvwM` †`qv n‡q‡Q:

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Lv‡Uv Kiv †_‡K;

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Ggb †Kv‡bv D‡Ïk¨cÖ‡Yvw`Z c×wZ ev †KŠkj

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†¯”Qvq wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z cv‡i bv Ges Gi d‡j G

e¨vcv‡i M„nxZ Kvh©µ‡gi Rb¨ `vqx n‡e bv|

24. Rbms‡hvM Kg©x‡ì Ggbfv‡e KvR

Ki‡Z n‡e †hLv‡b Ab¨ †Kv‡bv D‡Ïk¨ mva‡bi

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mieivn Kivi e¨vcv‡i Rbms‡hvM Kg©xi we‡kl

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AbymiY Ki‡Z nq| G¸‡jvB

mswnZv ev †KvW wn‡m‡e RvZxq

ev AvšÍR©vwZK mwgwZ KZ©„K

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mZZvwe‡ivax Kg©Kv‡Ð Rbms‡hvM Kg©x‡K mswkøó nIqv Pj‡e bv| GQvov,

Rbms‡hvM Kg©x Ggbfv‡e Z_¨ cÖPv‡ii †Póv Ki‡eb bv hv D‡Ïk¨cÖ‡Yvw`Z

e‡j g‡b n‡Z cv‡i|

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mZZv, MÖvnK I wb‡qvMKZ©vi cÖwZ AvPiY, RbmvaviY I cÖPvi gva¨g¸‡jvi

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ejv n‡q‡Q †h, e¨w³MZ mZZv ej‡Z D”P ˆbwZK gvb I wbLv` myL¨vwZ

iÿv †evSvq| Avi †ckvMZ mZZvi A_© n‡jv AvšÍR©vwZK Rbms‡hvM

mwgwZ Z_v evsjv‡`k Rbms‡hvM mwgwZi msweavb, wbqgKvbyb Ges we‡kl

K‡i D³ mwgwZ KZ©„K M„nxZ bxwZgvjv h_vh_fv‡e AbymiY Kiv| B‡Zvc~‡e©

bxwZgvjv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z wM‡q Gi wek` weeiY †`qv n‡q‡Q|

29. ÔMÖvnK I wb‡qvMKZ©vi cÖwZ AvPiYÕ wk‡ivbv‡g †gvU QqwU aviv

i‡q‡Q| GB wk‡ivbv‡gi cÖ_g avivq c~e©vci mKj MÖvnK I wb‡qvMKZ©vi

m‡½ m`vPiY Kiv Rbms‡hvM Kg©xi mvaviY KZ©‡eï g‡a¨ AšÍM©Z nq|

30. GB wk‡ivbv‡gi wØZxq avivq mswkøó cÿ ev e¨w³‡ì my¯úó

m¤§wZ Qvov ci¯úiwe‡ivax ev cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK †Kv‡bv wel‡q †Kv‡bv gZ

cÖKvk Ki‡Z Rbms‡hvM Kg©x‡K eviY Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB avivwU we‡kl K‡i

Rbms‡hvM Dc‡`óv ev KbmvjU¨vwÝ cÖwZôv‡bi †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨| KviY,

cvi¯úwiK ¯v‡_©i wewfbœ msMV‡bi c‡ÿ Rbms‡hvM Kg© cwiPvjbv g~jZ

mswkøó Dc‡`óv cÖwZôvb¸‡jv K‡i _v‡K|

31. GKB wk‡ivbv‡gi Z…Zxq avivq Rbms‡hvM Kg©xi c~e©vci MÖvnK

A_ev wb‡qvMKZ©vi †Mvcb welq cÖKvk Kivi e¨vcv‡i my¯úó wewawb‡la

Av‡ivc Kiv n‡q‡Q| Kg©m¤úv`‡bi mgq A‡bK mgq Rbms‡hvM Kg©x‡K

†Mvcb Z_¨ I welq Rvb‡Z nq| wKš‘, e¨w³¯v‡_© GB †Mvcb Z_¨ Kv‡R

jvMv‡bv bxwZwe‡ivax n‡e| wb‡qvMKZ©v ev MÖvn‡Ki Rb¨ KvR Ki‡jI Zv‡K

GB †MvcbxqZvi cÖwZ memgqB m¤§vb †`Lv‡Z n‡e|

32. GB wk‡ivbv‡gi PZz_© avivq †Kv‡bv m`m¨‡K Ab¨ †Kv‡bv m`‡mï

MÖvnK ev wb‡qvMKZ©vi ¯v_©nvwbKi †Kv‡bv KvR Ki‡Z eviY Kiv n‡q‡Q|

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†Kvb KvR Kivi mgq mswkøó MÖvnK ev wb‡qvMKZ©v‡K D³ NUbv AewnZ bv

K‡i †Kv‡bv m`m¨‡K H GKB Kv‡Ri Rb¨ ¯xq MÖvnK ev wb‡qvMKZ©v Qvov

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Kiv ev Abyiƒc Kv‡Ri Rb¨ Pzw³e× nIqvi e¨vcv‡i wb‡la Kiv n‡q‡Q|

34. GKB wk‡ivbv‡gi 6ô avivq ejv n‡q‡Q †h, †Kv‡bv wbw ©ó Kv‡R

mvd‡jï k‡Z© †Kv‡bv cÖZ¨vwkZ MÖvnK ev wb‡qvMKZ©vi wbKU †_‡K †Kv‡bv

m`m¨ †Kv‡bv cvwikªwgK ev ÿwZc~i‡Yi A_© `vwe Ki‡Z cvi‡eb bv| ev

Abyiƒc Kv‡Ri Rb¨ Pzw³e× n‡Z cvi‡eb bv| †h‡nZz fwel¨‡Z mK‡ji

wbðqZv weavb m¤¢e bq Ges Zv Rbms‡hvM Kg©xi wbqš¿‡Yi evB‡i, ZvB

Zvi m¤§vbx ev †eZbfvZv Dnvi Dci wbf©ikxj n‡Z cv‡i bv| e ‘Z Zvi

cÖ‡Póv I we‡klÁZvi wfwË‡Z Zvi †eZbfvZv cÖ vb Ki‡Z n‡e|

35. ÔRbmvaviY I cÖPvi gva¨g¸‡jvi cÖwZ AvPiYÕ wk‡ivbv‡g †gvU

5wU aviv Av‡Q| GKRb Rbms‡hvM m`m¨ RbmvaviY I cÖPvi gva¨g¸‡jvi

mv‡_ Kx ai‡bi AvPiY Ki‡eb, G aviv¸‡jv‡Z Zvi D‡jøL i‡q‡Q|

36. GB wk‡ivbv‡gi cÖ_g avivq ejv n‡q‡Q †h, cÖ‡Z¨K m`m¨‡K

RbM‡Yi ¯v_© Ges e¨w³MZ gh©v`vi cÖwZ jÿ¨ †i‡L †ckvMZ `vwqZ¡ cvjb

K‡i †h‡Z n‡e| ÔRb¯v_©Õ I Ôe¨w³gh©v`vÕ kãØq wewfbœ mg‡q Ges wewfbœ

mgv‡Ri wbKU wewfbœ A‡_© eëüZ n‡Z cv‡i| mvaviYZ Rbms‡hvM

Kg©x‡ì Ggb †Kv‡bv KvR Kiv DwPZ n‡e bv hv RbM‡Yi ˆbwZKZv I ¯v_©

ÿzYœ Ki‡Z cv‡i| D`vniY¯iƒc, Rb¯v‡¯’ i Rb¨ ÿwZKi Ggb me

cÖwZôvb‡K mnvqZvi K_v D‡jøL Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

37. GB wk‡ivbv‡gi wØZxq avivq †Kv‡bv m`m¨‡K Ggb †Kv‡bv KvR

Kivi Rb¨ wb‡la Kiv n‡q‡Q hvi d‡j MY‡hvMv‡hv‡Mi b¨vqciZv ÿzYœ n‡Z

cv‡i| mivmwi Nyl cÖ vb ev weÁvcb cÖ v‡bi A½xKv‡i †Kv‡bv Lei Qvcvevi

eë ’v Kiv bxwZwe‡ivax| GB aviv Av‡iv †evSvq †h, AvwZ‡_qZv mvaviY

f ªZvi E‡aŸ© hv‡e bv Ges cÖPzi DcnvimvgMÖx cÖ vb Kiv Pj‡e bv| GB

avivi D‡Ï‡k¨ n‡”Q msev`gva¨‡gi ¯vaxbZv I Rbms‡hvM Kg©xi mybvg

AÿzYœ ivLv|

38. GB wk‡ivbv‡gi Z…Zxq aviv †gvZv‡eK †Kv‡bv m`m¨ B”QvK…Zfv‡e

wg_¨v ev weåvwšÍKi Z_¨ mieivn Ki‡eb bv| Rbms‡hvM Kg©xi `vwqZ¡ n‡”Q

mwVK Z_¨ mieivn Kiv Ges Zvi wfwË‡ZB msev`gva¨g Zvi mZZv hvPvB

Ki‡e| ZvB, msev` gva¨g hw` Zvi wbKU †_‡K eivei mwVK I wbfz©j Z_¨

cvq, Zvn‡j †m Zv‡ì Av ’vfvRb n‡e Ges Zviv wewfbœ mg‡q mswkøó

wel‡q Zvi kiYvcbœ n‡e| Rbms‡hvM Kg©xi †ckvMZ mybvg GB Av ’vi

Ici wbf©ikxj Ges GUvB mdj msev`gva¨g m¤ú‡K©i †Mvcb K_v|

39. GB wk‡ivbv‡gi 4_© aviv †gvZv‡eK cÖ‡Z¨K m`m¨‡K wbR¯

cÖwZôvb m¤ú‡K© mwVKfv‡e wek¦ Í wPÎ Zz‡j aivi e¨vcv‡i cÖ‡Póv Pvjv‡Z

n‡e|

40. GB wk‡ivbv‡gi 5g avivq ejv n‡q‡Q †h, †Kv‡bv m`m¨B Ggb

cÖwZôvb m„wó Ki‡eb bv ev Abyiƒc †Kv‡bv cÖwZôv‡b KvR Ki‡eb bv, hvi

we‡NvwlZ Kvh©µg i‡q‡Q A_P Avm‡j cÖwZôvbwU †Kv‡bv m`m¨ ev Zvi

MÖvn‡Ki ev wb‡qvMKZ©vi e¨w³MZ ¯v_©iÿv A_ev †Mvcbxq AcÖKvwkZ ¯v_©

msiÿ‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ ˆZwi Kiv n‡q‡Q ev n‡Z hv‡”Q| GB ¸iæZ¡c~Y© avivq

m¤§yLeZ©x cÖwZôv‡bi cÖwZ Bw½Z Kiv n‡q‡Q, hv Avmj cÖwZôvZvi cwiPq

†Mvcb K‡i we‡kl bv‡g KvR Pvjvq| †hgb: †Kv‡bv Jla ˆZwi †Kv¤úvwb

†ebv‡g Jla Z_¨ †Kv¤úvwb Ly‡j Dnvi cÖPvi Pvjv‡j †mUv †mB ch©v‡q

c‡o|

41. ÔmnKg©x‡ì cÖwZ AvPiYÕ wk‡ivbv‡g wZbwU aviv i‡q‡Q| cÖ_g

aviv n‡”Q: †Kv‡bv m`m¨ B”QvK…Zfv‡e Ab¨ †Kv‡bv m`‡mï †ckvMZ mybvg

ev Kv‡Ri ÿwZ Ki‡eb bv| Z‡e, †Kv‡bv m`m¨ m¤ú‡K© hw` cÖgvY †_‡K †h,

H m`m¨ bxwZnxb, †eAvBwb ev Amvay Kvh©Kjvc Ges wewaewnf~©Z AvPi‡Y

wjß Av‡Qb, Z‡e wZwb H m`m¨ msµvšÍ GB Z_¨ Rbms‡hvM mwgwZi wbKU

DÌvc‡bi Rb¨ †cÖiY Ki‡Z cv‡ib|

42. GB wk‡ivbv‡gi wØZxq aviv †gvZv‡eK †Kv‡bv m`m¨ Zvi

wb‡qvMKZ©v ev MÖvn‡Ki gva¨‡g Ab¨ †Kv‡bv m`m¨‡K mivevi †Póv Ki‡eb

bv| wb‡Ri ¯v‡_© ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv Kvi‡Y †nvK, †Kv‡bv m`m¨‡K mivevi

cÖ‡Póv bxwZwe‡ivax| Ges mswkøó m`‡mï †Kv‡bv †ckvMZ ye©jZv _vK‡j

Zv ~i K‡i Zvi DbœwZi †Póv Ki‡Z n‡e|

43. me©‡kl avivq cÖ‡Z¨K m`m¨‡K GB AvPiYwewa eRvq ivLv I

Abymi‡Y Ab¨vb¨ m`m¨‡ì mv‡_ mn‡hvwMZv Kivi Rb¨ ejv n‡q‡Q| GB

wewai Zvrch© Zz‡j a‡i hv‡Z mevB Bnvi AbymiY K‡i Zvi Rb¨ Zrci n‡Z

n‡e|

44. GZÿY Rbms‡hvM bxwZgvjv I AvPiYwewa m¤ú‡K© †h e³e¨

ivLv n‡jv ¯vfvweKfv‡e Zv †ckvi DbœZ ch©v‡qi †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡jI

†ckvi AbybœZ ch©v‡qI Bnv cÖvmw½K e‡jB g‡b nq| GKRb AvBbRxex,

Wv³vi ev ’cwZi g‡Zv Rbms‡hvM Kg©xi mZZv Zvi †ckvi Ask wn‡m‡e

cwiMwYZ nq| Zvi Kv‡Ri aviv AbyhvqxB Zv‡K hvPvB Kiv n‡e, †m

we‡klÁ wn‡m‡e civgk© †`q; Zvi Nyl cÖ vb I KjywlZ Kivi K_v bq;

mvsevw`K‡ì AvwZ_¨ cÖ k©b K‡i e‡jB Zvi Lei Qvcv nq bv, eis H

Le‡ii cÖKvk‡hvM¨Zv Av‡Q e‡jB g~jZ Dnv Qvcv nq? A_©vr Rbms‡hvM

Kg©x GKRb †ckvRxex|

45. Z‡e, Zvic‡iI mewKQzB QKeuvav wbq‡g myôzfv‡e P‡j bv|

eë ’vcbv †_‡K ïiæ K‡i mK‡ji cÖPvi Íi GK bq| ZvB, myôz Kg©m¤úv`b

†hgb ZË¡gvwdK nq bv, †Zgwb me †ckv‡ZB wKQz e¨wZµgag©x Kjw¼Z

†jvK _vKvi d‡j †ckv KjywlZ nq| Avevi, hLb bxwZgvjv Abyhvqx

wewam¤§Zfv‡e †ckvMZ ¯xK…wZ I gh©v`v iÿvi Rb¨ A‡b‡K Kg© m¤úv`‡b

Zrci, ZLb nq‡Zv †KD e¨w³¯v‡_© evRvi miKv‡ii f~wgKv cvjb KivUvB

†kªq g‡b Ki‡eb| †ckvMZ m‡PZbZv I AvZ¥gvh©v`v Qvov gv_v DuPz K‡i

`vwqZ¡ m¤úv`b Kiv m¤¢e bqÑ GB mZ¨wU hLb mswkøó mK‡ji Dcjwä‡Z

Avm‡e, ZLwb G †ckvi DbœwZ I cwie¨vwß m¤¢e|

[Rwniæj nK KZ©„K evsjv‡`k †cÖm Bbw÷wUDU-G 1987 mv‡ji 3-

18 A‡±vei ch©šÍ AbywôZ Rbms‡hvM m¤úwK©Z cÖwkÿY †Kv‡m© Dc ’vwcZ]

cÖ e Ü

. .

30

B›Uvi‡bU weMZ kZvãxi me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y©

Avwe®‹vi| B›Uvi‡bU I Ab¨vb¨ AvaywbK

cÖhyw³i e‡`Šj‡Z N‡U †M‡Q Z…Zxq wkíwecøe,

hv wWwRUvj wecøe bv‡g cwiwPZ| B›Uvi‡bUmn

bZyb-bZyb cÖhyw³i Avwef©v‡e MYgva¨g RM‡Z

bZzb cwi‡ek weivR Ki‡Q| gy`ªY gva¨‡gi

cvVK `ªæZ n«vm cv‡”Q| A‡bK msev`c‡Îi

g„Zy¨ n‡q‡Q| †iwWI-wUwfÕi `k©KI e¨vcKfv‡e

Kg‡Q| bZzb-bZzb wWwRUvj wWfvBm I

cøvUd‡g©i Avwef©v‡e bvMwiK‡ì msev` MÖnY ev

cvVvf¨v‡mI G‡m‡Q Le‡ii cwieZ©b| KvM‡R

covi †P‡q Kw¤úDUvi, U¨ve ev †gvevB‡ji

w¯Œ‡b Av‡aq †`Lv ev covi nvi µgk e„w×

cv‡”Q| Ab¨w`‡K nvRvi-nvRvi eøM I

†dmeyKmn mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM gva¨‡gi

†KvwU-†KvwU eënviKvix i‡q‡Q| Gme welq

Rbms‡hv‡Mi cÖwµqv I c×wZ‡ZI cÖfve

†dj‡Q| mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM gva¨g eënvi

Ki‡Z eva¨ n‡”Qb Rbms‡hvM Kg©KZ©vMY| Gi

d‡j Rbms‡hv‡M G‡m‡Q `ªæZMwZ I êwPÎ¨|

†U·U, Qwe, wPÎ, MÖvwd·, AwWI-wfwWI cÖf…wZ

mn‡hv‡M êwPÎ¨gq me Av‡aq (content)eëüZ n‡”Q Rbms‡hv‡M| Rbms‡hvM

Kg©KZ©viv wK Gme mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM

gva¨g‡K Rbms‡hv‡Mi Kvh©Kix nvwZqvi

wn‡m‡e eënvi Ki‡Z cvi‡Qb? †Kbbv

mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM gva¨g eënv‡ii A‡bK

P¨v‡jÄ i‡q‡Q, †Zgwb i‡q‡Q bvbv †KŠkj| G

cÖe‡Ü Gme wel‡qi wewfbœ cÖm½ I Abyl½B

Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q hv eZ©gvb G cÖhyw³i hy‡M

GKRb Rbms‡hvM Kgx©i Rb¨ bZzb w`K-

wb‡`©kbvI e‡U|

†Kb Rbms‡hv‡Mi Rb¨ mvgvwRK

†hvMv‡hvM gva¨g Avek¨K?

mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM gva¨g mbvZb

msev`gva¨‡gi Rb¨ GKw`‡K P¨v‡jÄ Ges

Ab¨w`‡K mnvqK ev cwic~iK| GKmgq

Rbms‡hvM Kg©KZv©iv †ewki fvMB mbvZb me

msev`gva¨‡gi Ici wbf©i Ki‡Zb| GLb

Kg©m~wP‡Z hy³ n‡q‡Q mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM

gva¨g| †Kbbv, mvaviY RbMYmn

Rbms‡hv‡Mi cÖavb jwÿ¨Z Rb‡Mvôx (Kg©Pvix,

LwiÏvi, AskxRb (shareholder) bvbv

mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM gva¨g eënvi Ki‡Q|

Zv‡ì msev`gva¨g eënv‡ii Af¨v‡mI

G‡m‡Q cwieZ©b| †Kbbv, msev` ev Z_¨ MÖn‡Y

mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM gva¨g e¨vcK cÖfve

†dj‡Q|

mviwY 1: Rbms‡hv‡M mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM

gva¨g eënv‡ii myweavmg~n

GK Rwi‡c †`Lv †M‡Q, we‡k¦ 60 kZvsk msev`

mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM gva¨‡g cov ev †`Lv nq|

mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM gva¨‡gi g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨

n‡”Q †dmeyK, UyBUvi, BDwUDe, wd¬Kvi, ¸Mj

cøvm, wewfbœ †dvivg I eøM| wcD wimvP© †m›Uvi

Ges bvBU dvD‡Ûk‡bi Av‡iK M‡elYvq †`Lv

hvq, gvwK©b hy³iv‡Rï 63 kZvsk †dmeyK I

UzBUvi eënviKvix G `yÕwU mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM

gva¨g †_‡K msev` co‡Q ev †`L‡Q| Ab¨

Av‡iK M‡elYvq †`Lv hvq, me‡P‡q †ewk (62

Rbms‡hv‡M mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM gva¨g

eënvi I †KŠkj

†gvnv. gvnvgy yj nK

¯’vb I mg‡qi †Kv‡bv evav †bB| †h †Kv‡bv

mgq Z_¨ cÖPv‡ii Rb¨ mxgvnxb RvqMv

cvIqv hvq|

we‡k¦i †h †Kv‡bv cÖvšÍ †_‡K †h †Kv‡bv mgq

Rbms‡hv‡Mi welq cÖKvk I covi my‡hvM

_v‡K|

†U·U, MÖvwd·, AwWI Ges wfwWI GKm‡½

eënvi Kiv hvq|

mswkøó Z_¨ †c‡Z nvBcviwjsK eënvi Kiv

hvq|

wg_w¯Œqvi my‡hvM _v‡K|

Z_¨ mn‡R msiÿY‡hvM¨ I

cybteënvi‡hvM¨|

31

kZvsk) msev` MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q †iwÇ‡Ui

gva¨‡g| Gici i‡q‡Q UzBUvi (52 kZvsk)

Ges †dmeyK (47 kZvsk)|

mviwY 2 : msev` MÖn‡Y wewfbœ mvgvwRK

†hvMv‡hvM gva¨g eënv‡ii nvi

Drm: wcD wimvP© †m›Uvi, 21 AvM÷-2

†m‡Þ¤i 2013

RyjvB 2015 ch©šÍ 149 †KvwU mwµq eënviKvix

wb‡q gvwK©b ZiæY gvK© RyKvievM© I Zuvi Pvi

mn‡hvMx KZ…©K cÖwZwôZ †dmeyK Pj‡Q me‡P‡q

eo mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM gva¨g wn‡m‡e| GQvov

UzBUvi I wewfbœ eø‡MiI i‡q‡Q †KvwU-†KvwU

eënviKvix| eZ©gv‡b we‡k¦ †gvevBj

eënviKvixi msL¨v Qq kÕ †KvwUi Ic‡i|

evsjv‡`‡k 80 kZvsk B›Uvi‡bU eënviKvix

†dmeyK eënvi K‡i e‡j Rvwb‡q‡Q wewUAviwm|

evsjv‡`‡k †dmeyK eënviKvixi msL¨v cÖvq 1.5

†KvwU Ges cÖwZ 20 †m‡K‡Û bZzb GKRb

eënviKvix †hvM n‡”Q|

mviwY 3: wWwRUvj msev` MÖvn‡Ki kZKiv

nvi (2013-2014)

Drm: †Møvevj wWwRUvj wgwWqv †UªÛeyK-2014

AbjvB‡b msev` cov ev †`Lvi nvi e„w×i Kvi‡Y

mvivwe‡k¦ msev`cÎ covi nvi µgk n«vm cv‡”Q|

AbjvB‡b msev` covi †ÿ‡ÎI cwieZ©b jÿ¨

Kiv hv‡”Q| iqUvm© Bbw÷wUDU di `¨ ÷vwW Ae

Rvb©vwjR‡gi GK Rwi‡c †`Lv hvq, †W¯‹U‡ci

†P‡q ¯§vU©‡dv‡b AbjvBb msev` covi nvi ªæZB

evo‡Q| 2015 mv‡j mßv‡n †gvevBj †dv‡b

msev` covi Mo nvi 37 kZvsk †_‡K †e‡o 46

kZvsk uvwo‡q‡Q| 2016 mv‡j msev` covi

†ÿ‡Î ¯§vU©‡dvb eënv‡ii nvi †W¯‹U‡c msev`

covi nvi‡K Qvwo‡q hv‡e e‡j aviYv Kiv n‡q‡Q

IB Rwi‡c| msev` cov ev †`Lvi Rb¨ mvgvwRK

†hvMv‡hvM gva¨‡gi g‡a¨ †dmeyK me‡P‡q

RbwcÖq| AbjvBb msev` cov ev †`Lvi nvi wUwf

P¨v‡bj¸‡jv‡KI Qvwo‡q hv‡”Q (Digital NewsReport 2015)|

ïay g~javivi mvsevw`Kiv Rbms‡hv‡Mi

gva¨g wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i bv, mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM

gva¨g eënviKvix- hv‡ì‡K ejv n‡”Q bvMwiK

mvsevw`K, ZvivI Rbms‡hv‡Mi welq cÖPv‡i

Ae`vb ivL‡Qb| mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM gva¨gmn

AbjvBb gva¨‡g Zv‡ì Drcvw`Z Z_¨ ev Av‡aq

(†U·U, Qwe, AwWI-wfwWI, wPÎ, Bb‡dvMÖvd

cÖf„wZ) Av`vb-cÖ`vb Ki‡Qb| e¨w³MZ

I‡qemvBU, eøM, †dmeyK I UzBUvimn mvgvwRK

†hvMv‡hvM gva¨g¸‡jv bvMwiK mvsevw`KZv PP©vi

cÖavb gva¨g| eZ©gv‡b g~javivi msev`gva¨‡gi

(msev`cÎ, †iwWI-wUwf, AbjvBb msev`gva¨g)

Ab¨Zg A½ I Abyl½ n‡”Q bvMwiK mvsevw`KZv

I bvMwiK mvsevw`K‡ì eëüZ mvgvwRK

†hvMv‡hvM gva¨gmg~n|

DcwiD³ aviYvmg~n, Z_¨-DcvË I

cwimsL¨vbB e‡j †`qÑ cÖwZôv‡bi †h †Kv‡bv Z_¨

ev Av‡aq cÖPv‡i mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM gva¨‡gi

f~wgKv KZ we Í…Z n‡q‡Q| mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM

gva¨g eënvi K‡i GKw`‡K mivmwi Rbms‡hv‡Mi

Av‡aq cÖPvi Kiv n‡”Q, Ab¨w`‡K Gme Av‡aq

AbjvBb I mbvZb msev`gva¨‡gi wi‡cv‡U©iI

Dcv`vb n‡”Q| Avevi Rbms‡hv‡Mi welq hLb

mbvZb MYgva¨‡g cÖKvwkZ ev cÖPvwiZ n‡”Q ZLb

Zv mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM gva¨‡g †kqvi Kiv n‡”Q|

A_©vr Rbms‡hvM, msev`gva¨g, mvgvwRK

†hvMv‡hvM gva¨‡gi cÖwµqv I c×wZ AvšÍtm¤úwK©Z

I G‡K Ac‡ii cwic~iK, m¤ú~iK I wbf©ikxj|

ZvB mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM gva¨‡gi eënvi Qvov

Rbms‡hvM eZ©gvb hy‡M Kíbv Kiv A_©nxb|

GRb¨B Rbms‡hv‡Mi Rb¨ mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM

gva¨g eënv‡ii bvbv †KŠkjmg~n Rvbv Avek¨K|

Rbms‡hv‡M mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM gva¨g

eënv‡ii †KŠkj

1. m¤¢ve¨Zv hvPvB

mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM gva¨g mbvZb †hvMv‡hvM

gva¨g ev msev`gva¨‡gi m¤ú~iK ev cwic~iK

wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| KL‡bv-KL‡bv †Kv‡bv wel‡q

m¤ú~Y©fv‡e ïayB mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM gva¨‡g

K¨v‡¤úBb Pvjv‡bv nq| K¨v‡¤úB‡bi aib Abyhvqx

m¤ú~Y©fv‡e bv GKKfv‡e, bvwK mbvZb gva¨‡gi

cvkvcvwk mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM gva¨g eënvi Ki‡Z

n‡e cÖf„wZ welq c~‡e©B hvPvB Ki‡Z n‡e|

Rbms‡hvM Kg©KZ©v‡K bZzb cªhyw³ eënv‡i Aek¨B

cixÿY I g~j¨vq‡bi R‡b¨ mgq ivL‡Z n‡e|

2. cwiKíbv

Ab¨vb¨ MYgva¨g eënv‡ii b¨vq mvgvwRK

†hvMv‡hvM gva¨g eënv‡ii c~‡e© cwiKíbv

cÖYqb Ki‡Z nq| G cwiKíbv cÖwµqvi

g‡a¨ _vK‡e:

* D‡Ïk¨ I †KŠkj

mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM gva¨g

eënvi K‡i GKw`‡K mivmwi

Rbms‡hv‡Mi Av‡aq cÖPvi Kiv

n‡”Q, Ab¨w`‡K Gme Av‡aq

AbjvBb I mbvZb

msev`gva¨‡gi wi‡cv‡U©iI

Dcv`vb n‡”Q

mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM

gva¨g

msev` MÖn‡Yi kZKiv

nvi

†iwÇU 62%

UyBUvi 52

†dmeyK 47

¸Mj cøvm 30

Uv¤jvi 29

BDwUDe 20

gvB‡¯úm 14

wjsKWBb 13

Bb÷vMÖvg 13

fvBb 9

wc›Uv‡i÷ 3

†`k 2013 (%) 2014 (%) cwieZ©b

BDGm 60% 68% +8%

BD‡K 42 63 +21

Rvg©vwb 37 54 +17

d«vÝ 24 47 +19

†WbgvK© 63 75 +12

wbix¶v

32

* jwÿ¨Z Rb‡Mvôx wbe©vPb I Zv‡ì êwkó¨ wbiƒcY

* evZ©v ev Av‡aq ˆZwi

* mgq wba©viY

* Kvh©KvwiZv cwigvc c×wZ

3. mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM gva¨‡g m¤úK© ’vcb

Rbms‡hv‡M GKmgq Wv‡qwi, †bvUeyK, wW‡i±wi cÖf…wZ mbvZb nvwZqvi

eënvi Kiv n‡Zv| Gm‡e ZvwjKvfz³ mvsevw`‡Ki m‡½ †dv‡b ev

wPwVc‡Îi gva¨‡g ev mivmwi cÎevnK cvwV‡q †hvMv‡hvM Kiv n‡Zv|

KL‡bv KL‡bv Rbms‡hvM Kg©KZ©v‡K mivmwi †h‡Z n‡Zv ev

mvsevw`K‡ì mswkøó cÖwZôv‡b Avgš¿Y Rvbv‡bv n‡Zv| B›Uvi‡bU cÖhyw³

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cwiwPZ K‡i Zzj‡Z cv‡ib| wKš‘ Kxfv‡e Gme Rb‡Mvôx‡K UzBUv‡i cvIqv

hv‡e? Gi GKUv Dcvq n‡”Q wb‡Ri cÖwZôvb m¤úwK©Z eøM Lyu‡R ‡ei Kiv|

GRb¨ eøM mvP©BwÄb Technorati eënvi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| UzBUv‡ii

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†LvuR Kiv I Zv‡ì m‡½ UzBU Kiv| KL‡bv-KL‡bv mvsevw`Kiv wi‡cvwU©s‡qi

welq †Luv‡R ev wewfbœ cÖ‡kœi DËi AbymÜvb K‡i| Gme †ÿ‡Î Rbms‡hvM

Kg©KZ©v‡K ªæZ mvov †`qvi †Póv Ki‡Z n‡e hw` Zvi IB wel‡q mnvqZv

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m‡e©v”P UyBUvi eënviKvix A‡šlY Kiv hvq I Zv‡ì †cÖvdvBj Rvbv hvq|

Muck Rack-Gi g‡Zv I‡q‡e weU I cªwZôvb Abyhvqx mvsevw`K GgbwK

eøMvi‡ì †LuvRv hvq| Journalist Tweets-Gi gva¨‡g mvsevw`Kiv Kx

UyBU Ki‡Q Zv Rvbv hvq Ges UzBUv‡i †hvMv‡hv‡Mi my‡hvM nq|

†dmeyK I wjsKWBb: mvsevw`K‡ì m‡½ m¤úK© eRvq ivL‡Z

†dmeyK I wjsKWBb LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| wKš‘ G yÕwU gva¨g LyeB e¨w³MZ

ch©v‡qi| ZvB mvsevw`K n‡jB cÖ_‡g †dmeyK †d«Ûwj‡÷ wb‡Z n‡e Zv bq,

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e¨vPeyK MÖvnK‡ì mv‡_ m¤úK© ’vc‡b mnvqZv K‡i| e¨vPeyK eënvi K‡i

jwÿ¨Z Rb‡Mvôxi m‡½ K‡_vcK_b, wVKvbv, mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM gva¨‡gi

AvBwW, B-†gBj cÖf…wZ msiÿY Kiv hvq|

4. Rvbvb †`qv

mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM gva¨‡g wbqwgZ welq Avc‡jvW I †NvlYv QvovI

we‡kl wKQz wel‡q gv‡S-g‡a¨ Rvbvb w`‡Z n‡e Rbms‡hvM Kg©KZ©v‡ì|

mvsevw`K ev eøMvi‡ì Rvbvb †`qv †h, IB bZzb welq ev Z_¨, Zv‡ì bZzb

wi‡cvU© ˆZwi‡Z mnvqZv Ki‡e ev g~j im` †hvMv‡e| GRb¨ jÿ¨ w ’i Ki‡Z

n‡e, Rbms‡hvM Kg©KZ©v‡K| Rvb‡Z n‡e mvsevw`K, eøMvi, weU I welq

m¤ú‡K©| Z‡e GKB welq evievi Rvbv‡bvi cÖ‡qvRb †bB| Rvbv‡bvi †ÿ‡Î

welqwU n‡e mnR, mswÿß I g~jfve cÖKvkK| cÖ_‡gB eo GKUv †U·U

ms‡hvRb Kiv hv‡e bv| g~jfve cÖKv‡ki Rb¨ K‡qKUv evK¨ ev GK c¨viv

n‡Z cv‡i| ms‡ÿ‡c †evSv‡Z n‡e, Kxfv‡e IB wel‡q wi‡cvU© Ki‡j ev eø‡M

cÖKvk Ki‡j Zv cvV‡Ki wbKU AvMÖ‡nvÏxcK n‡e|

5. m„Rbkxj Av‡aq

m„Rbkxj Av‡aq GLb Rbms‡hv‡Mi Rb¨ Avek¨Kxq kZ©| GKmgq ïay †cÖm

wiwjR Bmy¨ K‡i MYgva¨g cÖwZôv‡b cvwV‡q w`‡jB `vwqZ¡ †kl n‡Zv

Rbms‡hvM Kg©KZ©vi| GL‡bv †cÖm wiwjR ˆZwi Kiv nq| Z‡e Zv AbjvBb

I AdjvBb Dfq gva¨‡gi Rb¨| †Kbbv AbjvBb †cªm wiwj‡Ri wKQz myweav

i‡q‡Q| †hgb:

* I‡qemvB‡Ui Uª vwdK I i¨vw¼s e„w×‡Z mnvqZv K‡i|

* AbjvB‡b cÖvß welq ev g¨vUvi mvsevw`K I eøMvi‡ì †jLbx‡Z mnvqZv K‡i|

* AbjvB‡b cÖwZôv‡bi bZzb wel‡qi AvbyôvwbK †NvlYvi Rvbvb †`q|

1996 mv‡ji 3 Rvbyqvwi wej †MUm gvB‡µvmd&‡Ui I‡q‡e ÔContentis kingÕ kxl©K GKwU cÖeÜ †j‡Lb, hv Av‡a‡qi wecYb †KŠkj cÖYq‡b

gvBjdjK wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq| wej †MUm e‡jb, ÔContent is whereI expect much of the real money. TU will be made on theInternet, just as it was in broadcasting.Õ Rbms‡hv‡Mi welq cÖPv‡ii

†ÿ‡Î cÖavb †KŠkj wn‡m‡e GK_vwU‡K Aek¨B ¸iæZ¡ w`‡Z n‡e|

GKUv mgq wQj hLb fv‡jv GKUv †cÖm wiwjR wjL‡Z cvi‡jB n‡Zv

wKš‘ GLb NUbv wewfbœ fw½‡Z, Avw½‡K I gva¨‡gi Dc‡hvMx K‡i ˆZwi Kiv

nq| UªvÝwgwWqv MíK_b (Transmedia Storytelling) GLb µgkB

RbwcÖq n‡”Q| UªvÝwgwWqv MíK_b n‡”Q GKUv NUbv wKš‘ wfbœ wfbœ Avw½‡Ki

Kvwnbx hv mKj cøvUd‡g©i ev gva¨‡gi Rb¨ Dchy³ (UªvÝwgwWqv=GKUv

NUbv, A‡bK Mí, A‡bK Avw½K, A‡bK P¨v‡bj ev gva¨g)| Kvwnbx

my›ìfv‡e eY©bvKiY GKUv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq| Kvwnbx Aek¨B h_v_©, gvbweK

Av‡e`bmg„×, Av‡eMRvMÖZKvix, Avb›``vqK I AvKl©Yxq n‡e| AwW‡qÝ‡K

Rbms‡hvMKvix cÖwZôv‡bi m‡½ hy³KiY, AskMÖnYgyLx Ges RwUj welq‡K

mnRfv‡e Dc ’vc‡bi gva¨‡g †hvMv‡hvM Kivi †ÿ‡Î UªvÝwgwWqv MíK_b

LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| G cÖwµqvq GKwU Kvwnbx †dmeyK, UzBUvi, BDwUDe,

†Uwjwfkb-†iwWI, GgbwK Pjw”PÎ Ges gy ªY gva¨‡gi Rb¨ wfbœ Avw½‡K

cwi‡ekb Kiv hvq| UªvÝwgwWqv †KŠkj cÖ‡qvM K‡i GKB NUbv wfbœ Avw½‡K,

wfbœfv‡e Ges wfbœ cøvUdg© ev gva¨‡gi Dc‡hvMx K‡i cÖKvk Kiv nq|

Av‡iKwU †KŠkj n‡”Q µmwgwWqv MíK_b (Crossmedia Storytelling)|µmwgwWqv MíK_b cÖwµqvq GKB Av‡aq (msev`, Mvb, †U·U, wPÎ) wewf-

bœ gva¨‡g cÖKvk Kiv nq| µmwgwWqv Ges UªvÝwgwWqv yÕ‡UvB gvwëwgwWqv

Rbms‡hvM †KŠkj Ges Dfq cÖwµqvqB wg_w¯Œqvg~jK| gvwëwgwWqvi hy‡M

Av‡aq‡K e¨vcK êwPÎ¨gq K‡i Dc ’vcb Kiv n‡”Q| Avb›``vqK KvUz©b I

Bb‡dvMÖvdI n‡Z cv‡i Rbms‡hv‡Mi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Dcv`vb|

6. ZvrÿwYK cÖwZwµqvq ZvrÿwYK mvov

ZvrÿwYK cÖwZwµqvi Rb¨ ZvrÿwYK mvov w`‡Z n‡e Rbms‡hvM Kg©KZ©v‡K|

mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM gva¨g eënv‡ii †ÿ‡Î Rbms‡hvM Kg©KZ©v‡K Aek¨B

AwW‡q‡Ýi cÖwZwµqvi w`‡K bRi ivL‡Z n‡e| bqUv-cuvPUv Awdm UvB‡g

gwbUwis Rbms‡hv‡Mi †ÿ‡Î ey‡givs n‡Z cv‡i| mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM gva¨‡g

24 NÈv gwbUwis‡qi cÖ‡qvRb nq| Av‡aq Avc‡jvW Kivi ci wewfbœ

gZvgZ I cÖwZwµqv Avm‡Z cv‡i| GRb¨ Rbms‡hvM Kg©KZ©v‡K ZvrÿwYK

mvov w`‡Z n‡e| †Kv‡bv wel‡q Av‡iv wKQz †KD Rvb‡Z PvB‡j ev †KD

†bwZevPK †Kv‡bv wKQz gšÍe¨ Ki‡j ZvrÿwYK e¨vL¨v w`‡Z n‡e| GRb¨

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ivLv nq|

7. Kvh©KvwiZv cwigvc

mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM gva¨g eënv‡ii Kvh©KvwiZv cwigvc Kiv Rbms‡hvM

BDwb‡Ui Av‡iKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© KvR| cÖwZgv‡m BDwbK wfwRUi, AviGmGm

MÖnYKvix, eøM ev †dviv‡g gšÍ‡eï msL¨v, †cv‡÷i msL¨v, KZevi †kqvi

Kiv n‡q‡Q, KZevi D×„Z n‡q‡Q cÖf„wZ welq cwigvc Kivi wba©vwiZ c×wZ

_vK‡Z n‡e|

evsjv‡`‡k Rbms‡hvM GL‡bv †cªm wiwjR, weÁvcb, msev` m‡¤§jb

wbf©i| Rbms‡hv‡Mi Rb¨ cwiKwíZ †hvMv‡hvM †KŠkj GL‡bv Abycw ’Z|

Z‡e A‡bK cÖwZôvb mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM gva¨g‡K eënvi Ki‡Q

Rbms‡hv‡Mi nvwZqvi wn‡m‡e| evsjv‡`‡ki †ewki fvM Rbms‡hvM Kg©KZv©

mwVKfv‡e GKUv †cÖm wiwjR wjL‡Z ixwZg‡Zv wngwkg Lvb| GRb¨ mbvZb

msev`gva¨‡g Kfv‡iR cvIqv †_‡K ewÂZ nb| G Ae¯’vq bZzb msev`gva¨g

I mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM gva¨‡gi Dc‡hvMx Av‡aq ˆZwi Gme Rbms‡hvM

Kg©KZ©v‡ì Rb¨ bZzb P¨v‡jÄ wn‡m‡e †`Lv w`‡q‡Q| G wel‡q Rbms‡hvM

Kg©KZ©v‡ì e¨vcK cwim‡i cÖwkÿ‡Yi eë ’v Ki‡Z n‡e|

†jLK: †WcywU GwWUi (†g‡Uªv), `¨ †WBwj ÷vi I cÖv³b cwiPvjK

(M‡elYv I cªwkÿY), Bbw÷wUDU Ae Rvb©vwjRg A¨vÛ KwgDwb‡Kkb|

[email protected]

wbix¶v

cÖ e Ü

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33

f~wgKv

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Z‡Ë¡ wba©viY Kiv m¤¢e nqwb| Rbms‡hvM-Gi

Bs‡iwR cÖwZkã n‡jv Public Relations.GB Public n‡jv Private-Gi wecixZ

kã| evsjv GKv‡Wwg †_‡K cÖKvwkZ Awfav‡b

Public ej‡Z RbmvaviY, me©mvaviY,

me©Rbxb, me©‡jvKwew`Z eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q|Õ

1

wKš‘ Kvh©‡ÿ‡Î Public Relations ej‡Z

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ev e¨w³i Rbmvavi‡Yi m‡½ †hvMv‡hvM

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†eZvi, †Uwjwfkb, bvUK, Pjw”PÎ, cÖPvicÎ

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cÖmvi A‡bK we¯Í…Z| B›Uvi‡bU-wfwËK I‡qe-

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gva¨g e‡j _vwK| wgwWqvi G me¸‡jv kvLv‡K

Avevi wcÖ›U Ges B‡jKUªwb· wgwWqv bv‡g

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GLb Avi mbvZbx wcÖ›U I B‡jKUªwbK- GB

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cÖKvwkZ msev`cÎ‡K wcÖ›U wgwWqv, †eZvi I

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wbDR †cvU©vj‡K AbjvBb wgwWqv,

†UwjKbdv‡iÝ, B-†gBj, †dmeyK, UzBUvi,

eøM, ¯‹vBwc, Pjw”PÎ Ges w_‡qUvi‡K †mvm¨vj

wgwWqv wn‡m‡e wPwýZ K‡i _v‡Kb| GK `kK

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ÔwgwWqvÕ ev Ôgva¨gÕ wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv n‡Zv

bv| wKš‘ AvRKvj Dc‡i ewY©Z B›Uvi‡bU-

wfwËK †hvMv‡hvM P¨v‡bj¸‡jv Ôgva¨gÕ wn‡m‡e

¯xK…wZ †c‡q‡Q, hv‡K Avgiv GK K_vq ÔwbD

wgwWqvÕ e‡j AwfwnZ Kwi|

mv¤úªwZKKv‡j †`ke¨vcx B›Uvi‡b‡Ui

e¨vcK m¤úªmviY N‡U‡Q| B›Uvi‡bU GLb

gvby‡li nv‡Zi gy‡Vvq P‡j G‡m‡Q| †`‡ki me

†gvevBj Acv‡iUi B›Uvi‡bU ms‡hv‡Mi

Ab¨Zg mvwf©m †cÖvfvBWvi| †gvevBj †dv‡b

B›Uvi‡b‡Ui ms‡hvM myweav _vKvq AvaywbK

†hvMv‡hvM cÖwµqvq Z_¨ cÖev‡n gvbyl hLb-

ZLb AskMÖnY Ki‡Z cvi‡Q| GRb¨ †gvevBj

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cÖwµqvq B-†gBj Ges B›Uvi‡b‡Ui me¸‡jv

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¯ cÖwZôv‡bi Lei‡hvM¨ Z_¨ MYgva¨‡g †cÖiY

Kiv| wewfbœ ZvwË¡KMY Rbms‡hvM m¤ú‡K©

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(Gerald S. Beskin)-Gi g‡Z,

ÔRbms‡hvM (Public Relation) n‡jv

g‡bvfve ev `„wófw½‡K wbqš¿Y Kiv|Õ

2

g‡bvfve ev „wófw½i e¨w³we‡k‡l cv_©K¨

i‡q‡Q| Rbms‡hvM ev cÖPvi-cÖPviYvi Pvwn`v

mevi †fZi mgvb bq| †Kv‡bv GKRb

cÖkvmK Zvi wb‡Ri ev cÖwZôv‡bi †Kv‡bv

GKwU NUbvi Lei GKwU MYgva¨‡g cÖKvwkZ

n‡j mš‘ó n‡Z cv‡ib| Aciw`‡K, Ab¨

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cÖPvi-cÖPviYvq g‡bvfv‡ei cv_©K¨ cwijwÿZ

nq Ges GUv ¯vfvweK| Rbms‡hv‡Mi ZvwË¡K

aviYvq Avgiv AviI Rvb‡Z cvwi: ÔPublicrelations is a strategic conversation.It is an ephemeral and wide-ranging

Rbms‡hvM †ckvi AZxZ I

eZ©gvb : GKwU ch©v‡jvPbv

†gvnv¤§` gwnDwÏb (Avn‡g` mygb)

34

field, often misperceived, andbecause of the lack of message con-trol inherent in public relations, it isdifficult to master. The public rela-tions function is prevalent andgrowing; the fragmentation ofmedia and growth of multiple mes-sage sources means that public rela-tions is on the ascent while tradi-tional forms of mass communica-tion (such as newspapers) are on thedecline. Public relations is a con-duit, a facilitator and a manager ofcommunication, conductingresearch, defining problems, andcreating meaning by fostering com-munication among many groups insociety.Õ 3

†R MÖæwbs (J. Grunig) Ges nv›U

(Hunt) e‡j‡Qb, Public relations is“the management of communica-tion between an organization andits publics.Õ4 †R MÖæwbs Ges nv›U

g¨v‡bR‡g›U I KwgDwb‡Kkb Gi e¨vL¨vI

w`‡q‡Qb| G wel‡q Zviv

e‡jb,ÔManagement is the body ofknowledge on how best to coordi-nate the activities of an enterprise toachieve effectiveness.

Communication is not onlysending a message to a receiver butalso understanding the messages ofothers through listening and dia-logue.

evsjvwcwWqvq Rbms‡hvM ej‡Z ejv nq,

ÔRbms‡hvM n‡jv miKvwi, ¯vqËkvwmZ I

†emiKvwi ms¯’v †_‡K ïiæ K‡i †Kv‡bv

e¨w³we‡k‡li mybvg e…w×i Rb¨, IB cÖwZôvb

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Kg©Pvix I †µZvmn mgv‡Ri mswkøó e¨w³e‡M©i

mv‡_ m¤úK© DbœZ ivLvi cÖwµqv|Õ

6

evsjvwcwWqvq Av‡iv ejv nq, ÔRbms‡hvM

n‡”Q MY‡hvMv‡hvM I mvsevw`KZv wel‡qi

mv‡_ A½vw½fv‡e m¤úwK©Z cÖK…Z NUbvwfwËK

D‡Ïk¨g~jK GKwU †hvMv‡hvM cÖwµqv|Õ

7

wek¦e¨vcx gy³evRvi A_©bxwZi †cÖ¶vc‡U

Rbms‡hv‡Mi Pvwn`v I ¸iæZ¡ w`b-w`b evo‡Q|

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NU‡Q| Rbms‡hv‡Mi welqe¯‘‡Z wbZ¨bZzb

welq ms‡hvwRZ n‡”Q|

cÖwZôvb‡f‡` Rbms‡hvM Awd‡mi Kv‡Ri

G cv_©K¨ m‡Ë¡I ZvwË¡K wel‡q mKj ai‡bi

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me ai‡bi Rbms‡hvM Awdm †_‡KB Zviv †h

welq ev NUbvwU mevB‡K Rvbv‡Z Pvq, †mB

welq ev NUbv MYgva¨g¸‡jv‡Z Ô†cÖm weÁwßÕ

wn‡m‡e †cÖiY K‡i| GB Ô†cÖm weÁwßÕ Kx Zv

msev`gb¯‹ e¨w³ gvÎB Kg-†ewk Rv‡bb|

†cÖm weÁwßi m‡½ Rbms‡hvM IZ‡cÖvZfv‡e

RwoZ|

Rbms‡hv‡Mi Bs‡iwR cÖwZkã ÔPublicRelationsÕ cÖwµqv‡K ms‡ÿ‡c ÔwcAviÕ ejv

nq; Rbms‡hvM Awdm ej‡ZI ms‡ÿ‡c

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Awdm _v‡K| wcAvi Awd‡mi Kg©KZ©vMY

mswkøó cÖwZôv‡bi m‡½ bvbvfv‡e m¤ú„³

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10

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Zuviv e‡jb, Public relations is a management func-tion which tabulates public attitudes, defines thepolicies, procedures, and interests of an organi-zation followed by executing program of actionto earn public understanding and acceptance| `¨

35

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(Richard Rotman) 1982 mv‡j

Rbms‡hv‡Mi GK ZË¡ †`b| wZwb e‡jb, Ò theessential functions of public rela-tions include research, planning,communication, dialoge definitionwhich PRSA considers more accu-rate and descriptive|Ó 2012 mv‡ji 1jv

gvP© wcAviGmGÕi GK m‡¤§j‡b Rbms‡hvM

bxwZ I †KŠkj m¤ú‡K© ejv nq, Publicrelations is a strategic communica-tion process that builds mutuallybeneficial| Gi Av‡M 1978 mv‡ji AvM÷

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A¨v‡mvwm‡qk‡bi cÖ_g m‡¤§j‡b ejv nq, theart and social science of analyzingtrends, predicting their conse-quences, counseling organizationalleaders, and implementing plannedprograms of action, which willserve both the organization and thepublic interest| Iqv‡ib †K GR, wdwjc

GBP G¨vë, G¨vWDBb Ggwi e‡jb, ÔPublicrelations is the planned and organ-ized effect of a company or institu-tion to establish mutually beneficialrelationship with its variouspublics. Publics, in turn, may bedefined as the various groups ofpeople who are affected by or whocan affect the operations of a partic-ular firm or institution. Each publicis bound together by a commoninterest vis-à-vis the organization.RbmvaviY ev we‡kl Rbmgwó‡K wKQz Z_¨,

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11

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me KZ©„cÿ Zvi

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1| English-Bangla Dictionary, BanglaAcademy, Dhaka, Seventh reprint,January 2015, p.613.

2| †ivj¨vÛ B. Djm‡j, Rbms‡hvM I cÖPvi, AvaywbK

fvi‡Z mvsevw`KZv, AvkdvK-Dj Avjg (Ab~w`Z),

evsjv GKv‡Wwg, XvKv, Ryb 1981, c„. 221|

3| https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_master-ing-public-relations/s03-what-is-public-relations.html.

4| Ibid, https://saylordotorg.github.5| http://bn.banglapedia.org/index.6| Ibid, http://bn.banglapedia.7| wgR©v Zv‡iKyj Kv‡ì, AvaywbK we‡k¦ Rbms‡hvM :

†cÖw¶Z evsjv‡`k, ˆ`wbK bqv w`MšÍ, el©c~wZ© msL¨v,

19 b‡f¤i 2015,c„.27|

8| Ibid, http://bn.banglapedia.9| wgR©v Zv‡iKyj Kv‡ì, cÖv¸³,c„.27|

10| †ivj¨vÛ B. Djm‡j, Rbms‡hvM I cÖPvi, AvaywbK

fvi‡Z mvsevw`KZv, AvkdvK-Dj Avjg (Ab~w`Z),

evsjv GKv‡Wwg, XvKv, Ryb 1981, c„. 221|

11| †iRvDj Kwig †LvKb, AvaywbK Rxe‡b P¨v‡jwÄs †ckv

Rbms‡hvM, ˆ`wbK RbKÉ, 07 GwcÖj 2014, c„. 11|

12| †ivj¨vÛ B. Djm‡j, cÖv¸³, c„. 221|

13| Fraser P. Seitel, The Practice of PublicRelations, Charls E. Merrill PublishingCompany, Columbus, Ohio, 1984, p. 51.

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cÖwZôvb ev msMV‡bi M„nxZ cwjwm Ges cY¨ ev

†mevi evZ©v Uv‡M©U cvewj‡Ki Kv‡Q †cuŠQv‡bv

Ges cvi¯úwiK Kvh©Ki m¤úK© ’vc‡bi wbwg‡Ë

†hvMv‡hv‡Mi bvbv cÖZxK I gva¨g‡K eënvi

Kivi cÖqvm| cÖPvi I weÁvc‡bi ivR‰bwZK

A_©bxwZi mv‡_ Gi Mfxi m¤úK© i‡q‡Q|

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cÖwZwôZ n‡q‡Q, hwÌ kvwãK A_© n‡”Q cÖPviYv,

†Kv‡bv aviYvi we Í…wZ NUv‡bv ev cybiærcv`b

Kiv| †lvok kZ‡K evB‡e‡ji evYx cÖPviYvi

Kv‡R MwVZ GKvwaK KwgwUi bv‡gi mv‡_

†cÖvcvMvÛv kãwU cvIqv †M‡Q| †mB A‡_©

†cÖvcvMvÛv cÖZ¨qwU ï‡bB †bwZevPKZvq

AvZw¼Z nIqvi wKQz †bB| wb‡Ri fv‡jv,

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cvewj‡Ki mvg‡b Dc ’vcb Kivi g‡a¨ Avwg

mgv‡Ri Rb¨ nvwbKi wKQz cvB bv| Z‡e wg_¨v,

ev‡bvqvU, wfwËnxb, Aev Íe evZ©v w`‡q gvbyl‡K

weåvšÍ Ki‡j Zv‡K Avgiv eø vK †cÖvcvMvÛv

ej‡Z cvwi| wb‡R‡ì mZ¨, BwZevPK wKsev

Kj¨vYKvgx cÖPviYv‡K Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi mv`v

cÖPviYv (White Propaganda)| †÷bwj †R.

evivb Ges †Wwbm †K. †Wwfm iwPZ ÔMassCommunication TheoryÕ MÖ‡š’i ÔThe riseof media theory is the age of propagan-daÕ kxl©K Aa¨v‡q cÖPviYvi ÔKv‡jvÕ I Ômv`vÕ

w`Kmg~n Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| †hgb eø vK

†cÖvcvMvÛvi msÁv †`qv n‡q‡Q Gfv‡e:

ÔDeliberate and strategic transmission ofliesÕ A_©vr wg_¨vi D‡Ïk¨cÖ‡Yvw`Z I †KŠkjx

we Ívi‡K ejv n‡”Q ÔKv‡jv cÖPviYvÕ| Ab¨w`‡K

†nvqvBU †cÖvcvMvÛvi aviYv w`‡Z wM‡q ejv

n‡q‡Q: ÔIntentional suppression of poten-

Rbms‡hv‡Mi †ÿ‡Î ch©vß I

h_vh_ wewb‡qvM GKwU msMVb

ev cÖwZôvb‡K Zvi jÿ¨ I

D‡Ïk¨ c~i‡Y `viæY Kvh©Ki

f~wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e

Kv‡iv Ab¨vq ev g›` KvR‡K

avgvPvcv w`‡q wbw›`Z

cÖwZôv‡bi fv‡jv B‡gR ˆZwi

Kiv Rbms‡hvM bq

wbix¶v

42

tiality harmful information and ideas, combined with deliber-ate promotion of positive information or ideas to distract atten-tion from problematic events.Õ

mvsevw`KZvq †hgb fv‡jv-g›` me Zz‡j a‡i mgvR‡K c_ †`Lv‡bvi

g‡Zv wekvj `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Z nq, Rbms‡hv‡Mi KvR †ZgbwU bq|

Rbms‡hv‡Mi g~j KvRwUB n‡jv wb‡Ri cÖwZôvb ev †Kv¤úvwbi BwZevPK

(Aek¨B mZ¨ n‡Z n‡e) w`K¸‡jv cvewj‡Ki mvg‡b Zz‡j aiv|

jwes (Lobbying)Avgv‡ì evsjv‡`‡ki mgv‡R ZwØi e‡j GKUv kã Av‡Q| ÔZwØievRÕ

RvZxq kã e‡j Avgiv ivR‰bwZKfv‡e Amr A‡bK gvbyl‡K †evSv‡bvi

†Póv Kwi| ÔZwØievRÕiv Zv‡ì Kg©KvÐ w`‡qB Bs‡iwR‡Z hv‡K Avgiv

ÔLobbying’ ewj Zvi †bwZevPK evsjv A_© uvo Kwi‡q‡Qb| A‡_©i

wewbg‡q A‡hvM¨, A`ÿ ev Rb¯v_©we‡ivax †Kv‡bv e¨w³ ev cÖwZôv‡bi

c‡ÿ AvRKvj A‡bK ivRbxwZwe`, Avgjv GgbwK mvsevw`K bvgavix

wKQz gvbyl ÔZwØiÕ-Gi KvRwU K‡i †`b| Avwg GB N„Y¨ ÔZwØiÕ cÖwµqvi

K_v ejwQ bv| cÖwZ‡ekx ivóª fvi‡Zi †PbœvB‡Z Aew ’Z Avbœv Bbw÷wUDU

Ae g¨v‡bR‡g‡›Ui GKwU †Uªwbs gwWD‡j ejv n‡q‡Q: ‘Lobbyingentails the exertion of influence, smooth and measured pres-sure on other, exercise persuation cum-pressure. In essence, itmeans a group putting its points of view forward in an attemptto win the other groups support.’

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mdj Kivi wbwg‡Ë Avw_©Kfv‡e mr †_‡K wb‡R‡ì mgqg‡Zv evievi

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Av`v‡q mdjKvg n‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e Avw_©K ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv gvb`‡Ð mZZvi

mv‡_ Avcm Kiv hv‡e bv| †hvM¨Zv, ÿZv I mvg‡_© i wfwË‡ZB me n‡e|

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n‡Z n‡e|

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miKvwi `ßi, e¨vsK-exgv, µxov msµvšÍ miKvwi-†emiKvwi cÖwZôvb wKsev

msMVb BZ¨vw` bvbv wel‡q Rbms‡hvM `ßi ev †ckvRxex ˆZwi n‡”Q|

MYgva¨gmswkøó cÖwZwU cÖwZôv‡b Kg©iZ †ckvRxex‡ì ¯-¯ msMV‡bi Avevi

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†`qvi Rb¨ wcAvi cÖwZôvbI M‡o DV‡Q| cwikÖgx I `ÿ GK`j

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Zv‡ì Rbms‡hvM KvRwU cvwikÖwg‡Ki wewbg‡q K‡i w`‡”Q| MYgva¨‡gi

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n‡”Q| Rbms‡hvMKvixiv †hvMv‡hvM cwiKíbv ev bKkv cÖYqb Ki‡Qb, †cÖm

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Kvh©Ki Rbms‡hv‡Mi|

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n‡e| ¯-¯ Awd‡mi ev K¬v‡q›U‡ì Rb¨ wbDR A¨vjvU© †iwW Ki‡Z

n‡e| cÖvmw½K msev`, wdPvi, weÁvcb, UK‡kv, GgbwK wm‡bgv-

bvU‡Ki wel‡qI †LuvRLei ivL‡Z n‡e| mKvj‡ejv Ni †_‡K †ei

nIqvi Av‡MB ¯-¯ †ÿ‡Îi hZ †ewk bZzb Z_¨ I msev` †R‡b

Avc‡WU n‡q Awd‡m ev BwáZ MšÍ‡e¨ †h‡Z n‡e|

* mwe Ív‡i cÖ ‘wZ wb‡Z n‡e| gvbyl gvÎB fzj n‡Z cv‡i. Z‡e ÿgvi

A‡hvM¨ ¯’~j †Kv‡bv fzj nIqv Pj‡e bv| †hgb, †cÖm wiwjR wjL‡Z

wM‡q †Kv¤úvwbi cÖavb ev `vwqZ¡kxj Kv‡iv bv‡gi evbvb fzj ev

Ac~Y©v½ †jLv Pj‡e bv| Kv‡iv m‡½ K_v ej‡Z hvIqvi Av‡M Zvi

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wb‡Ri cÖwZwU aviYv, Abygvb I wm×všÍ‡K evievi cÖkœ Kiæb| Ab¨c‡ÿi

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†ei n‡q co‡j Avi †div‡bv hv‡e bv|

mwVK mg‡q mwVK wm×všÍ wb‡Z wkLyb

ejv nq, ÔPR is a juggling act’| †h †Kv‡bv cwiw ’wZ‡Z gvwb‡q †bqv

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wba©viY Kiv wkL‡Z n‡e| †dvKvm _vK‡Z n‡e mgq eë ’vcbvi Ici|

AMÖvwaKv‡ii wfwË‡Z K¬v‡q›U‡ì h_vh_ †mev wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e| A‡bK

mgq e¨w³ wn‡m‡e Rbms‡hvM Kg©KZ©v wm×všÍ †b‡eb, A‡bK †ÿ‡Î ¯-¯

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†jLvi fv‡jv `ÿZv AR©b Kiæb

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AvKl©Yxq †jLbxi gva¨‡g Rbms‡hvM cÖwµqv m¤úv`‡bi Kg© ÿZv AR©b

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Ask wb‡q B‡Zvg‡a¨B cÖwZwôZ Rbms‡hvM Kg©KZ©vi mnvqZv wb‡q fv‡jv

†jLvi mvg_© AR©b Ki‡Z n‡e|

cÖwZôvb ev msMV‡bi bvbv mgm¨vi mgvavb †`qvi †Póv Kiæb

MYgva¨g ev cvewj‡Ki m‡½ †hvMv‡hvM ivLv QvovI Rbms‡hvM Kg©KZ©v

ev cÖwZôvb K¬v‡q›U ev wb‡qvM`vZv cÖwZôv‡bi bvbv m¼‡U ev mgm¨vi

mgvavb wb‡q nvwRi n‡q `viæY mnvqK f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡i|

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Ki‡e|

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wel‡q Avcbvi Rvbv Riæwi BZ¨vw`| †ewk K‡i cÖvmw½KÑ AcÖvmw½K eB

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Ki‡Z n‡e| wØZxqevi †hb Avi GKB fzj bv nq|

MYgva¨‡gi e¨vwß I cwieZ©b‡K †evSvi ev Abyaveb Kivi †Póv Kiæb

cÖhyw³ I mg‡qi ms¯ú‡k© MYgva¨‡gi aviYv I cÖeYZv cwieZ©bkxj| G

cwieZ©b‡K Abyaveb K‡i mg‡qi m‡½ Zvj †gjv‡bv wkL‡Z n‡e|

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43

f~wgKv

AvaywbKKv‡j ÔPublic RelationsÕ kãwU

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Av‡iv A‡bK wel‡qi gZ Gi Aw ÍZ¡ we`¨gvb

wQj| wewfbœ mf¨Zvq Rbms‡hv‡Mi †KŠkj I

c×wZi g‡a¨ wfbœZv cwijw¶Z n‡jI me©Kv‡j-

me©hy‡M Rbms‡hv‡Mi D‡Ïk¨ wQj RbMY‡K

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cÖfvweZ Kiv Ges fveg~wZ© M‡o †Zvjv|

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cÖgvY cvIqv hvq|

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44

m„Rbkxj wPšÍv-fvebv, `¶Zv I Kg©‰bcy‡Yï Rb¨

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Z_¨m~Î

1. Scott M. Cutlip and Allen H. Center, Effective PublicRelations, Fourth Edition, 1971, Prentice-Hall, Inc.,London, U. K

2. Bertrand R. Canfield and H. Frazier Moore, Public RelationsPrinciples, Cases and Problems, Sixth Edition, Richard D.Irwin, Inc., 1973, U. S. A

3. The Media of Mass Communication, John Vivian, 2ndEdition, Allyn and Bacon, Boston, 1993

4. The Encyclopedia of American Journalism, Donald Paneth,Facts on Files Publications, New York, First Edition, 1983

5. Frank Jefkins, Public Relations, Second Edition, McDonald& Evans Ltd., 1983, U. K

6. Melvin L. DeFleur, Everette E. Dennis, Understanding MassCommunication, Houshton Miffin Company, 1981, U.S.A

7. Seigfried Mandel, Modern Journalism, Pitman PublishingCorp, 1962, U.S.A.

8. Members Manual 1988, International Public RelationsAssociation, IPRA Secretariat, London U. K

9. Frontline, The Global Public Relations Quarterly,International Public Relations Association, U. K

10. Public Relations for America’s School, Second Edition,1952, U. S. A

11. Jacques Ellul, Propaganda : The Formation of Men’sAttitudes, Alfred A. Knopf, 1965, New York, U. S. A

12. Edward Gottlieb and Philip Klarnet, Successful Publicity,Grosset & Dunlap, 1964, New York, U. S. A

13. J.C. A. Brown Techniques of Persuasion: From Propagandato Brain Washing, Penguin Books, 1963,U. K

14. Public Relations and Propaganda, International PublicRelations Association, 1998, U. K

15. W. b›`jvj fÆvPvh©, Rbms‡hvM, wjwcKv, 1988, KjKvZv, fviZ

16. mgi emy, Rbms‡hvM, cwðge½ ivR¨ cy¯ÍK cl©r, 1993, KjKvZv, fviZ

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AZwK©Z Rw½ev`x AvµgY NU‡Q GB gyn~‡Z©, G

gyn~‡Z© we‡k¦i ìev‡i evsjv‡`‡ki PgrKvi

Dbœqb I AMÖhvÎv cÖkswmZ n‡”Q, wVK GB

gyn~‡Z©B MZ mv‡o Qq eQ‡i AZ¨šÍ †Rviv‡jvfv‡e

Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvMcÖhyw³ ivóª I cÖkvm‡bi wewfbœ

wbix¶v

KL‡bv Avwg †`wL MYgva¨‡gi

†fZ‡i GKwU e¨v‡jbm Kivi

cÖeYZv| MYgva¨‡gi `vwqZ¡

e¨v‡jbm Kiv bq, fvimvg¨

iÿv bq| MYgva¨g e¯‘wbô

n‡e, wbi‡cÿZvi bv‡g

Rw½ev`‡K gyw³hy‡×i †PZbvi

m‡½ GK cvjøvq gvcvi †Póv

Ki‡eb bv| Avcwb e¯‘wbô

n‡eb, Avcwb miKv‡ii

fzjÎæwUi e¨vcv‡i

mgv‡jvPbvgyLi n‡eb; wKš‘

ivRvKvi I gyw³‡hv×v‡K GK

cvjøvq †g‡c mgv‡R

ivRvKvi‡ì cÖwZôv Kivi

`y®‹‡g© †Kv‡bv msev`Kg©x,

MYgva¨‡gi Kg©x wjß n‡eb bv

54

55

wbix¶v

†ÿ‡Î ªæZ cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g GwM‡q hv‡”Q †`k| G Rb¨ Avgv‡ì cÖavbgš¿x

Ges †`k cÖkswmZ n‡”Q| myZivs GKw`‡K Dbœq‡bi PgrKvi AMÖMwZ,

Av‡iKw`‡K mePvB‡Z y‡h©vMc~Y© †`k wn‡m‡e Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi AwfNv‡Z

mePvB‡Z SzuwKc~Y© †`k wn‡m‡e wPwýZ nIqv m‡Ë¡I mwVK SzuwK †gvKv‡ejvq

evsjv‡`k miKvi I RbMY †hŠ_fv‡e †h `ÿZv I mÿgZv AR©b K‡i‡Q

†mUvI c„w_exi bRi †K‡o‡Q| GRbÏ evsjv‡`k Ges Zvi cÖavbgš¿x †kL

nvwmbv f~qmx cÖksmv Kzwo‡q‡Qb| GB gyn~‡Z© c„w_exi Ges Avgv‡ì P¨v‡jÄ

n‡”QÑ Kxfv‡e cwi‡e‡ki AwfNvZ †gvKv‡ejvi mÿgZv AR©b Kiv hvq,

Kxfv‡e mgv‡R Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvMcÖhyw³ cÖ‡qvM Kiv hvqÑ hv‡Z wWwRUvj

êlg¨ I mvgvwRK êlg¨ ªæZ K‡g Av‡m| Kxfv‡e Rw½ev`x ZrciZv‡K

†KvYVvmv, `gb I wbg~©~j Kivi cÖkvmwbK `ÿZv I mvgvwRK, ivR‰bwZK

†PZbv AR©b Kiv hvq| eûRb e‡j _v‡Kb GB gyn~‡Z© Dbœqbkxj †`kmn

c„w_ex‡Z wZbwU welq AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| welq wZbwU n‡”Q:

1. Rw½ev‡ì AvZ¼ †_‡K kvwšÍ cÖwZôvi KvR;

2. cwi‡e‡ki AwfNvZ †_‡K evsjv‡`k‡K iÿvi mÿgZv AR©‡bi KvR;

3. Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvMcÖhyw³ cÖ‡qv‡Mi ga¨w`‡q GKwU wWwRUvj mgvR

ˆZwii KvR|

†Lqvj Ki‡eb, evsjv‡`k MZ mv‡o Qq eQ‡i †kL nvwmbvi †bZ…‡Z¡

GB wZbwU Kv‡RB h‡_ó cvi`wk©Zv Ges `ÿZv AR©b K‡i‡Q Ges Zv

c„w_exi bRi †K‡o‡Q| MYgva¨‡gi Kg©x‡ì †Zgb GKwU †cÖÿvc‡U †ckv

ev `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Z n‡”Q| Avi Avwg Avgvi fvlvq ewj, GB gyn~‡Z©

Avgiv PviwU hy‡×i †fZi w`‡q AwZµg KiwQ: 1. `vwi ª D‡”Q‡ì hy×;

2. wj½ êlg¨ `~i Kivi hy×; 3. cwi‡e‡ki AwfNvZ †_‡K evsjv‡`k‡K

iÿvi hy× Ges 4. Rw½ev‡ì AvZ¼ †_‡K evsjv‡`‡k kvwšÍ cÖwZôvi hy×|

GB Pvi hy‡×i †fZi w`‡q Avgiv mevB AwZµg KiwQ Ges GB Pvi

hy‡× weRq AR©b Kiv m¤¢e| GB hy‡× weRq wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡j GKv

miKv‡ii c‡ÿ Zv Kiv m¤¢e bq| G weRq wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡j meviB

mvwe©K mn‡hvwMZv ìKvi Ges †mB †ÿ‡Î MYZ‡š¿i AZ›`ª cÖnix wn‡m‡e

MYgva¨‡gi AZ¨šÍ mwµq, ewjô Ges ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv i‡q‡Q| Zvn‡j

Avgiv KvRwU mn‡RB nvwmj Ki‡Z cvie| g‡b ivL‡eb, †h RvwZ Õ71-Gi

gnvhy‡× weRqx n‡Z cv‡i †mB RvwZi wKš‘ GB PviwU hy‡× weRqx nIqv

†Kv‡bv e¨vcviB bq| Avcbviv B‡Zvg‡a¨B †Lqvj K‡i‡Qb- PgrKvi

c`‡ÿ‡ci ga¨w`‡q `vwi`ªª K‡g Avm‡Q, Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi wel‡q f~wgKv

cÖkswmZ n‡”Q, wj½ êlg¨ Kgv‡bvi e¨vcv‡iI ¸iæZ¡c~Y© AMÖMwZ mvwaZ

n‡”Q Ges Rw½ `g‡bi †ÿ‡ÎI h‡_ó c`‡ÿc Avgiv MÖnY Ki‡Z †c‡iwQ|

wKš‘ GLbI GB hy‡× Avgiv m¤ú~Y© Rqx nBwb| GLb †kl av°vwU w`‡Z

n‡e| Avwg eje †h, Dbœq‡bi AMÖhvÎv‡K Ae¨vnZ ivL‡Z n‡e| GgbwK 7

kZvsk cÖe„w×i K¬v‡e wb‡Ri bvg †jLv‡Z n‡j Avcbv‡K kvwšÍ wKb‡Z n‡e|

Avi GB kvwšÍ †Kbvi msMÖv‡g MYgva¨‡gi f~wgKv Kx †mUv LwZ‡q †`Lv

ìKvi|

AvR‡K Avgiv GLv‡b wgwjZ n‡qwQ MYgva¨‡gi Kg©x‡ì mvg‡b, ZvB

Avwg eje ÔZ_¨ n‡”Q kw³Õ| Data is power| GB kw³ hZUzKz Avcwb

AR©b Ki‡Z cvi‡eb ZZUzKzB mgvR‡K kw³kvjx Ki‡e| myZivs, Aeva

Z_¨cÖevn wbwðZ Ki‡Z Avgv‡ì miKvi Z_¨ AwaKvi AvBb Ges Z_¨

Kwgkb ˆZwi K‡i‡Q| wKš‘ GLbI †mB AvBbwU Kv‡R jvMv‡bvi `ÿZv

Avgvi MYgva¨‡gi Kg©xiv m¤ú~Y©fv‡e AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb| Avwg Avkv

Kie, Avgvi MYgva¨‡gi Kg©xiv Avgvi RbM‡Yi c‡ÿ GB AvBbwU Kv‡R

jvwM‡q miKv‡ii A›ìgn‡j Av‡jv †djvi †Póv Ki‡eb| miKvi Ges

cÖkvm‡bi Awj‡Z-Mwj‡Z hv‡Z gvbyl bRi w`‡Z cv‡i †mB KvRwU Avcbviv

Ki‡eb Ges cÖkvmb‡K GB Kuv‡Pi N‡ii g‡Zv ¯”Q wn‡m‡e ˆZwi K‡i

†`‡eb| GB cÖm‡½ Avgvi g‡b Avm‡jv †h, evsjv‡`‡k hLb Avgiv

wWwRUvj mgvR KiwQ †mLv‡b MYgva¨‡gi GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq i‡q‡Q|

The application of ICT in all spheres of life makes thesociety a glass house. But in that glass house there arethousands of individuals, children, women, and statecrarftand various financial and other institutions exist there|

Z_¨ †hvMv‡hvMcÖhyw³i cÖ‡qv‡Mi ga¨w`‡q mgvRwU µgvMZ GKwU

Kuv‡Pi N‡i iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡”Q, †h Kuv‡Pi N‡i mewKQz †`Lv hvq| Z‡e mgm¨v

n‡”QÑ GB Kuv‡Pi N‡i ivóª _v‡K, GB Kuv‡Pi N‡i wewfbœ cÖwZôvb _v‡K, GB

Kuv‡Pi N‡i jv‡Lv-jv‡Lv gvbyl emevm K‡i hvi e¨w³MZ Rxeb i‡q‡Q, GB

Kuv‡Pi N‡i bvix emevm K‡i, GB Kuv‡Pi N‡i wkï emevm K‡i| myZivs

There are two challanges| yÕwU P¨v‡jÄ Av‡QÑ GKwU AvBbMZ

P¨v‡jÄ, Ab¨wU cÖhyw³MZ P¨v‡jÄ| Avcbviv nq‡Zv g‡b Ki‡Qb †h, GB

cÖm‡½ Avwg Avcbv‡ì †KbBev ejwQ| Gi †cQ‡b KviY Av‡Q| GB †h

y‡Uv P¨v‡jÄ A_©vr cÖhyw³MZfv‡e hw` †`wL Zvn‡j Kx cÖhyw³ eënvi

Ki‡j Abwf‡cÖZ welq †_‡K Avgvi wkï‡K iÿv Ki‡Z cvwi? †mB cÖhyw³

A_©vr hLb w_ªwR A¨vwcø‡Kkb n‡”Q †gvevBj †dv‡b ZLb GKwU wkï ‡hb

†mB Abwf‡cÖZ welq WvDb‡jvW bv Ki‡Z cv‡i Zvi Rb¨ QuvKwb emv‡bv

hvq| MÖvgxY‡dvb B‡Zvg‡a¨ †mB QuvKwb emv‡bvi KvR ïiæ K‡i‡Q| hv‡Z

mšÍvbiv weeªZ bv nq, bvixiv weeªZ bv nq| wKš‘ GKwU AvBbMZ P¨v‡jÄ

Av‡Q| AvBb Kx? Kx AvB‡bi ga¨w`‡q Avwg Avgvi mvBevi RMr‡K

wbivc` Kie? myZivs AvR‡K hLb Kuv‡Pi Ni ˆZwi n‡”Q, GKwU MwZkxj

mvBevi RMr ˆZwi n‡q hv‡”QÑ †mLv‡b mvBevi Aciva GKwU ûgwK

wn‡m‡e †`Lv w`‡”Q| hLbB GB AvBbwU ˆZwi Ki‡Z hvw”Q ZLbB cÖkœ

Avm‡Q †gŠwjK AwaKv‡ii, gvbevwaKv‡ii, e¨w³i AwaKv‡ii, gZ cÖKv‡ki

AwaKv‡ii welq wb‡q| myZivs †Kvb RvqMvwU‡Z †gŠwjK AwaKvi iÿv K‡i

mvBevi Acivax‡ì aŸsm Kiv hvq †mB m~² RvqMvwU cÖwZwbqZ mRvM

„wói g‡a¨ AbymiY Ki‡Z n‡e Avcbv‡ì| hv‡Z mvBevi RMrI wbivc`

_v‡K Ges gvby‡li †gŠwjK AwaKvi Ges Avcbv‡ì gZ cÖKv‡ki AwaKvi

†mUvI mywbwðZ _v‡K| GB RvqMvUvq MYgva¨‡gi GKwU wekvj f~wgKv

Av‡Q| myZivs †hB ¯”Q Kuv‡Pi N‡i e¨w³i †MvcbxqZv, bvixi m¤£g, wkïi

wbivcËv, iv‡óªi wbivcËvi weNœ N‡U- GiKg wKQz Avcwb Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv|

Kuv‡Pi Ni †Zv ˆZwi n‡e GUv‡Z †Zv Avwg evav w`‡Z cviwQ bv| AwZ

Aíw`‡b mvBevi Aciva †gvKv‡ejv Kivi R‡b¨ GKwU mgwšZ mvBevi

AvBb ˆZwii Kv‡R Avgiv nvZ w`‡qwQ| wVK †Zgwb, Avgiv GKwU m¤úªPvi

AvBb Ges m¤úªPvi Kwgk‡bi Kv‡R nvZ w`‡qwQ hv‡Z MYgva¨‡gi

¯vaxbZvI _v‡K Avevi †gŠwjK AwaKviI myiwÿZ _v‡K| Avgv‡ì †h

msweavb Ges msweavb g~j AvB‡biI Drm, †mB msweav‡b †m AwaKvi

Avcbvi Rb¨ web¨ Í Kiv n‡q‡Q|

†kL nvwmbvÕi miKvi †mB AwaKv‡i mvgvb¨Zg weNœ bv NwU‡q G

AvBbwU ˆZwi Ki‡Z hv‡”Q| myZivs Avcbviv hviv MYgva¨‡gi Kg©x

Zuv‡ì‡K wKš‘ G welqwUI †`L‡Z n‡e| AvR‡K AvcbvivÑ Avgiv hviv

GLv‡b wgwjZ n‡qwQ mevB‡K eje †h, MYgva¨g GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© gva¨g|

wVK †Zgb †hiKg QÕUv hy‡×i K_v ejjvg| wVK GB gyn~‡Z© evsjv‡`‡ki

QÕUv P¨v‡jÄ Av‡Q| GK b¤i P¨v‡jÄ, Avgiv GKwU DËivwaKvim~‡Î wKQz

ivR‰bwZK RÄvj †c‡qwQ| GwU mvgwiK kvm‡bi RÄvj, Dcwb‡e‡ki

RÄvj, mv¤úª vwqKZvi RÄvj| myZivs RÄvj cwi®‹vi Kiv GKwU eo

P¨v‡jÄ| Avgiv mvgwiK kvmb †_‡K, mv¤úª vwqKZv †_‡K MYZ‡š¿i DËiY

c‡e© AvwQ| Avwg Avevi cybive„wË KiwQÑ DËiY c‡e© AvwQ| GLbI GKwU

fv‡jv MYZvwš¿K mgvR wbg©vY Kiv nqwb| GLbI A‡bK KvR evwK| A‡bK

Checks and balances Ki‡Z n‡e| A‡bK AvBb-Kvbyb ˆZwi

Ki‡Z n‡e| A‡bK AvBb-Kvbyb ms‡kvab Ki‡Z n‡e| GB evwZj Ges

bZzb AvBb-GLv‡bI Avcbv‡ì GKwU f~wgKv Av‡Q, myZivs MYZš¿ gv‡b

Rule of lawÑ AvB‡bi kvmb| AvB‡bi kvmb gv‡bB cÖwZôv‡bi kvmb|

Zvn‡j †Kvb&-†Kvb& cÖwZôv‡bi ga¨w`‡q Avcwb AvB‡bi kvmb‡K mywbwðZ

Ki‡ebÑ †mB cÖwZôvb Movi Ici wbf©i Ki‡Q KZUzKz bRi`vwi Lei`vwi-

Avcwb Ki‡Z cvi‡Qb| cÖkvmb, wbe©vnx wefvM, miKvi, ¯”QZv Ges

Revew`wnZv GB RvqMv¸‡jv‡Z MYZš¿ wbg©vY I cÖmvi Kivi Rb¨ Avcbvi

GKwU f~wgKv i‡q‡Q| wZb b¤i P¨v‡jÄ n‡”Q, cwi‡e‡ki AwaKv‡ii †ÿ‡Î

mÿgZv AR©‡bi P¨v‡jÄ| Pvi b¤i P¨v‡jÄ n‡”Q, êlg¨ bv †i‡L

gy³evRvi A_©bxwZi †fZ‡i Kxfv‡e Dbœqbkxj A_©bxwZ Zvi mg„w× AR©b

Ki‡e GB welqwU|

myZivs, êlg¨gy³ mg„× mgvR wbg©v‡Y miKvi evRvi kw³‡K Kxfv‡e

Kv‡R jvMv‡eÑ †mUv GKwU P¨v‡jÄ| †mLv‡b Avgvi msweavb cwi®‹vi e‡j

w`‡q‡Q, mvgvwRK êlg¨ ~i Kivi Rb¨| mgv‡Ri Pvwn`v Ges iv‡óªi

f~wgKv‡Z Avcbvi ¯xK…wZ †`qv ìKvi| GwUB A_©bxwZ I mvgvwRK êlg¨

yi Kivi P¨v‡jÄ| cuvP b¤i P¨v‡jÄ n‡”Q, Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvMcÖhyw³ AvqË

Kiv| †Kv_vq cÖ‡qvM Ki‡eb, Ggbfv‡e cÖ‡qvM Ki‡eb bv hv‡Z wWwRUvj

êlg¨ ev‡o| Avwg we ÍvwiZ bv †h‡q GB P¨v‡j‡Äi K_v ejjvg| Avi Qq

b¤i P¨v‡jÄ n‡”Q, Avgiv we‡k¦i †fZ‡i emevm Kwi, AÂ‡j emevm Kwi|

myZivs evsjv‡`‡k wek¦vq‡bi Ges AvÂwjKvq‡bi N~Y©ve‡Z©i †fZ‡i Avgiv

c‡o wM‡qwQ| myZivs wek¦vq‡bi m‡½ AvÂwjKvq‡bi m‡½ Lvc LvIqv‡bvi

P¨v‡jÄB n‡”Q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© P¨v‡jÄ| AvR‡K e½eÜz

Kb¨v †kL nvwmbv ÿgZvq bvI _vK‡Z cv‡ib,

Kvj‡K Av‡iKRb Avm‡eb, Zvi RbÏ GKB

P¨v‡jÄ| myZivs ÿgZv ïay gybvdvi †cQ‡b,

ÿgZv ïay ybx©wZi †cQ‡b, ÿgZv ïay ˆ¯ivPv‡ii

cÖeYZvi †cQ‡b †`Lv‡jB Pj‡e bv| Ggb GKwU

mg‡q e½eÜz Kb¨v †kL nvwmbv `vwqZ¡ wb‡q‡Qb,

Avgiv †`k cwiPvjbvi `vwqZ¡ wb‡qwQ hLb GB

QÕ mvZUv P¨v‡jÄ †gvKv‡ejv K‡i Avgv‡ì

fwel¨r cÖR‡b¥i RxebUv wbivc` Ki‡Z cvie|

†m‡ÿ‡Î Avcbviv hviv GLv‡b Dcw¯’Z, Avcbviv

cÖvqkB e‡j _v‡Kb, ÔAvgiv wbi‡cÿÕ| GB

kãwU wb‡q Avcbv‡ì‡K Avevi fve‡Z eje|

wbi‡cÿ-memgq‡Zv wbi‡cÿ _vKv hvq bv eis

ejyb, Avwg e¯‘wbô ne| MYgva¨g n‡e e¯‘wbô|

wbi‡cÿZvi bv‡g fv‡jvg›`‡K GK cvjøvq gvcvi

AwaKvi MYgva¨‡gi †bB| RvwZi µvwšÍj‡Mœ

A_ev RvwZi †gv‡o-†gv‡o Ggb wKQz gyn~Z© Av‡Q

†h gyn~‡Z© Avcbv‡K GgbwKQz cÿ wb‡Z nq|

†hiKg Dcwb‡ekK‡ì weiæ‡× ¯^vaxbZvi

msMÖv‡g Avcbv‡ì‡K GKwU cÿ wb‡Z n‡q‡Q|

nq Dcwb‡e‡ki cÿ, bv nq ¯vaxbZvi cÿ, nq

Bs‡iR‡ì cÿ, bv nq fviZe‡l©i cÿ, nq

cvwK Ív‡bi cÿ, bv nq evsjv‡`‡ki cÿ|

gvSLvb w`‡q nuvUvi †Kv‡bv iv¯Ív †Zv †bB|

GBLv‡b wbi‡cÿZvi †Kv‡bv RvqMv †bB|

mg‡SvZvi †Kv‡bv RvqMv †bB| wVK †Zgwb

†Kv‡bv †`‡k hLb mvgwiK n¯Í‡ÿc N‡U ZLb

mvgwiK cÿ Ges MYZ‡š¿i cÿ, GLv‡b †Zv cÿ

wb‡Z nq| GBLv‡b wbi‡cÿ kã e‡j †Kv‡bv kã

†bB| Avcwb hw` e¯‘wbô nb, Zvn‡j Avcbv‡K

mvgwiK kvm‡bi weiæ‡× Avcbvi Kjg Pvjbv

Ki‡Z n‡e, Avcbv‡K MYZ‡š¿i cÿ wb‡Z n‡e|

BwZnvm e‡j, evsjv‡`‡ki mvsevw`Kiv ev

msev`Kg©xiv Dcwb‡ekev‡ì weiæ‡× Ges

¯vaxbZvi c‡ÿ, mvgwiKZ‡š¿i weiæ‡×, MYZ‡š¿i

c‡ÿ †Rviv‡jv Ae¯’vb wb‡q‡Q, cÿ wb‡q‡Q| GB

cÿ †bqv‡K †`vlv‡ivc K‡i MYgva¨‡gi

ˆbwZKZvi gvb`‡Ð Avcwb Kx Lvivc KvR

K‡i‡Qb? Avwg eje †h, bv, ˆbwZKZvi gvb`‡Ð

Avcwb mwVK KvRB K‡i‡Qb| myZivs Avwg hLb

ewj GB RvqMvwU‡Z MYgva¨‡gi †fZ‡i `vk©wbK,

ivRbxwZwe`, MYgva¨‡gi Kg©x, Avgv‡K fvimvg¨

eRvq ivL‡Z n‡e| ivRvKvi I gyw³‡hv×vi g‡a¨

†Kv‡bv fvimvg¨ eRvq ivLvi †Kv‡bv `vwqZ¡

MYgva¨‡gi bq| Avcwb gyw³‡hv×v Ges

ivRvKvi‡K GK cvjøvq gvc‡Z cv‡ib bv, Avcwb

Rw½ev`x †bÎx Ges MYZvwš¿K †bÎx‡K GK

cvjøvq gvc‡Z cv‡ib bv, Avcwb Av¸bhy‡×i

mš¿vmx‡ì‡K Avi MYZvwš¿K Kg©x‡ì‡K GK

cvjøvq gvc‡Z cv‡ib bv| Avcwb e¯‘wbô nb,

Avcwb wi‡cvU© Kiæb| wKš‘ KL‡bv Avwg †`wL

MYgva¨‡gi †fZ‡i GKwU e¨v‡jbm Kivi

cÖeYZv| MYgva¨‡gi `vwqZ¡ e¨v‡jbm Kiv bq,

fvimvg¨ iÿv bq| MYgva¨g e¯‘wbô n‡e,

wbi‡cÿZvi bv‡g Rw½ev`‡K gyw³hy‡×i †PZbvi

m‡½ GK cvjøvq gvcvi †Póv Ki‡eb bv| Avcwb

e¯‘wbô n‡eb, Avcwb miKv‡ii fzjÎæwUi

e¨vcv‡i mgv‡jvPbvgyLi n‡eb; wKš‘ ivRvKvi I

gyw³‡hv×v‡K GK cvjøvq †g‡c mgv‡R

ivRvKvi‡ì cÖwZôv Kivi `y®‹‡g© †Kv‡bv

msev`Kg©x, MYgva¨‡gi Kg©x wjß n‡eb bv|

AvR‡K Avgiv hLb wgwjZ nw”Q ZLb Avgiv

†Lqvj K‡iwQ, LwÐZ Z_¨, Z_¨ Pvcv †`qv,

BwZnvm weK…Z Kiv, Z_¨ weK…wZ Kiv GB cÖeYZv

i‡q‡Q| MYgva¨‡gi Kg©x‡ì‡KB GB LwÐZ

Z‡_ï Qvc †_‡K Ges Z_¨ Pvcv †`qvi †SuvK

†_‡K Ac-mvsevw`KZvi †SuvK †_‡K MYgva¨‡gi

cweÎZv iÿv Kivi `vwqZ¡ wb‡Z n‡e| GUv

Avcbv‡ì RMr wKš‘ MYZvwš¿K Kg©x wn‡m‡e

AvgviI `vwqZ¡ i‡q‡Q Z_¨ mš¿v‡mi GB Pvc

†_‡K MYgva¨‡gi GB cweÎZv iÿv Kiv| GUv

Avcbv‡ì GKvi `vwqZ¡ bq| MYZš¿, ivóª,

mgvR, miKvi I MYgva¨g †hŠ_fv‡e GB Z_¨

mš¿vm †_‡K, Ac-mvsevw`KZv †_‡K, njy`

mvsevw`KZv †_‡K MYZš¿‡KI iÿv Ki‡e,

MYgva¨g‡KI iÿv Ki‡e|

myZivs, Avwg GBfv‡e †kl Kwi †h, Avgiv

msweavb Øviv cwiPvwjZ| Avcwb Avgvi c‡ÿ

_vKvi ìKvi †bB| Avcwb msweav‡bi c‡ÿ

_vKzb| cÖRvZ‡š¿i Kg©Pvixiv hLb fvlY †`b

ZLb Zviv wbi‡cÿZvi fvb K‡ib| Avwg wWwm

m‡¤§j‡b e‡jwQÑ Avcbviv‡Zv MYcÖRvZ‡š¿i

Kg©Pvix| Avcbviv Kx Rv‡bb bv, 15Zg

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