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Muscular System
Human Anatomy and Physiology I
Oklahoma City Community College
Dennis Anderson
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Muscles
• Movement• Posture• Stabilize joints• Generate heat• Protect
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Flexion
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Extension
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Hyperextension
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Dorsiflexion & Plantar Flexion
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Abduction, Adduction & Circumduction
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Rotation
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Gliding
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Terminology
• Prime mover (Agonist)– Muscle that is the main force for a given
movement• Biceps—prime mover for elbow flexioin
• Antagonist– Muscle that oppose a given movement
• Triceps
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Terminology Continued
• Synergist– Muscle that works with another muscle for a
given movement
• Belly– Thickest part of muscle– Biceps belly near the middle of the humerus
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Muscle Attachments
Origin
Insertion
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Origin• Muscle attachment that moves the least
Insertion• Muscle attachment that moves the most
SternocleidomastoideusFlexes and Rotates Head
O: Sternum Manubrium & ClavicleI: Mastoid process
MasseterElevate Mandible
O: Zygomatic ArchI: Mandible
TemporalisElevate & Retract Mandible
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Orbicularis orisCloses & Protrudes Lips
O: Maxilla & MandibleI: Mouth
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BuccinatorSucking & Whistling
TrapeziusExtend Head, Adduct, Elevate or
Depress Scapula
Trapezius
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Rhomboid MajorAdduct Scapula
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Teres MajorAdduct Humerus
O: ScapulaI: Humerus
Latissimus DorsiExtend, Adduct & Rotate Arm
Medially
Latissimus
dorsi
O: Vertebrae, Ilium, Ribs, ScapulaI: Humerus
DeltoidAbduct, Flex & Extend Arm
O: Clavicle and ScapulaI: Deltoid Tuberosity of Humerus
SupraspinatusAbduct arm
InfraspinatusRotates Humerus Laterally
Pectoralis MajorFlexes, adducts & rotates arm
medially
O: Clavicle and SternumI: Greater Tubercle of Humerus