Mum water power 2015

Beverly House

1981

Sustainable Design Reading Recommendations

• Ecocities - Richard Register• Natural Capitalism- Hawken, Lovins, Lovins• Cradle To Cradle - William Mcdonough

– Film: The next industrial revolution

• The Nature of Design - David Orr• Permaculture: A Designers Manual - Mollison • Deep Economy - The wealth of Communities and a Durable Future - Mckibben• Short Circuit - Richard Douthwaite • Ecological Economics - Herman Daley• Community Energy - Greg Pahl• Reinventing Money - GrecoExcerpts and interviews available at www.biggreensummer.com (look for Iowa Mayors

Reader)

Lecture 11Energy From Flowing Water

E-101 - Energy and Sustainability Professor Lonnie Gamble

Sustainable Living Department Maharishi University of Management

This presentation was prepared on solar powered computers

The Big OnesFlowing Water

MechanicalGrinding GrainSawmillFactory Power – rotating shafts

ElectricalHigh HeadLow Head

Resources:StreamsTidesOcean CurrentsWaves

Doug’s New Zealand Story

Pelamus Wave Energy Converter

Energy From Flowing Water

Hampden, Maine 1982-1997Elements Power Company/Maine Energy Partner

Souadabsacook Stream Hydro PlantGenerated 700,000 - 1,000,000 kwh per year

Passive Solar/Superinsulated * Composting Toilet * Rainwater harvesting * solar hot water * Interior constructed wetland to treat waste water * Local Lumber * Captured waste heat from generator

*

Surya Nagar FarmBuilding In Tune With Natural Law:Climate Responsive Buildings

Energy from Falling Water

How A Generator Works

Wires

Moving Magnet

Energy in Water

P=(eHQ)/11.8 (kilowatts)e=efficiency (.5-.95)H=drop of water in feet (head)Q=flow in cubic feet per second

P=eHQ*.06 (watts)E=effciencyH=drop of water in feetQ=flow in gallons per minute

Example:Missisippi river Minneapolis elevation 840 feetSt Louis elevation 535 feet

Flood of 1993: 1.08 million cubic feet @St Louis

Power=535*1,000,000*.9/11.8 =40,000 mw(40-50 large coal or nuclear plants)

Ex. Rooftop HydroHead: 20 feet 36 inches of rain a year

Flow: Area of Roof: 7000 sq feet Intensity of rainfall: 3 inches per hourWater collected in an hour:

cubic feet = 7000 x (3/12) = gallons = Cu ft x 8 = 14400

gallons per minute: gallons per hour/60=233

Power: Head(ft) x Flow(gpm) x e x .11320*233*.9*.113=475 watts

Hours in a year: 12kwh: 12 x .475 = 5.7 kwh annually

Bucket Method of Calculating Water Flow

Up to 85% efficiency

Low Head Equipment

3.7 kW at 12 feet9.5 inch Propellor

.7 kW at 12 feet4.5 inch Propellor

High Head Equipment

Impeller view of a 1914 Samson Leffel water power turbine.

Power in Watts = Drop in ft. multiply by flow in gallons per minute( GPM) multiply by 0.06.

Sparhawk Mill - Yarmouth Maine

Oakland Mills

The marine environment stores enough energy in the form of heat, currents, waves

and tides to meet total world wide demand for power many times over.

Energy From the Oceans

Tidal Power

Wave Power PotentialThe worldwide wave power resource potential is huge. Future Energy Solutions highlight that the global power potential has been estimated to be around 8,000-80,000TWh/y (1-10TW),

which is the same order of magnitude as world electrical energy consumption. The best wave climates, with annual average

power levels between 20-70 kW/m of wave front or higher, are found in the temperate zones (30-60 degrees latitude) where

strong storms occur. However, attractive wave climates are also found within +30 degrees latitude where regular trade winds

blow, the lower power levels being compensated by the smaller wave power variability. Figure 1 shows the annual mean wave

height around the UK, highlighting the areas with the most potential for energy extraction.

http://www.bwea.com/marine/resource.html

500 kw wavegen Limpet

300 kw in a 5.5 knot current

The worldwide wave power resource potential is huge. Future Energy Solutions highlight that the global power potential has been estimated to be the same order of magnitude as world electrical energy consumption

Stingray

Natural Energy Lab of Hawaii (HELHA)

Hydraulic Ram Pump

How Hydraulic Ram Pumps Work

Hydraulogy

Skunk River Basin

The Skunk River Basin extends southeasterly from central Iowa to the Mississippi River. The Skunk River drains about 95 percent of the 4,595 square miles in this basin. The river flows through a shallow valley, except for the reach in Henry County where the river enters a narrow steep-walled valley with many rock outcrops. About 30 percent of the population is in the two largest cities, Ames and Burlington. Newton, Fairfield, Oskaloosa, Mount Pleasant, and Washington are other larger communities in the basin. Total basin population was 222,000 in 1960, of which 76 percent was urban. The urban population is expected to increase to 96 percent of the estimated 545,000 population in 2020. This basin contains 2.9 million acres of land and 13,000 acres of water surface. The use of water is expected to increase markedly as the rising population creates larger municipal and industrial demands. Problems and needs in the basin comprise of water quality, flood damage, limited recreational opportunities and preservation of the environment. The Iowa Conservation Commission has designated a 50-mile reach of the lower Skunk River as having scenic potential.Existing water resource developments include channel improvements and agricultural levees.

Here are some rule of thumb observations about flow rates on various sections of the Des Moines.

West Fork, Estherville to Gotch Park, below Humboldt (And any river that is 50-100 feet wide, such as the Skunk, the Raccoon, and the Boone)

Less than 100 cfs, not advisable, much walking100-500 cfs, gentle float500-1000 cfs, moving right alongover 1000 cfs, a fast ride

Des Moines River, Gotch Park (north of Ft. Dodge) to Des Moines

Less than 500 cfs, not advisable500-1000, gentle float1000-2000, moving right alongover 2000, fast ride (current 3 mph or more)

Des Moines River, Des Moines to Ottumwa

Less than 1000, not advisable1000-2000, gentle ride2000-4000, moving right alongover 4000, fast ride

Des Moines River, Ottumwa to Keokuk

Less than 2000, not advisable, some walking2000-4000, gentle ride4000-10000, moving right alongover 10000, fast ride