Multimodal Analgesia Many options are available for the treatment ofpostoperative pain, including systemic (i.e., opioid and nonopioid) analgesics and regional (i.e., neuraxial and peripheral) analgesic techniques. Multimodal analgesia is achieved by combining dif ferent analgesics that act by different mechanisms and at different sites in the nervous system, re sulting in additive or synergistic analgesia with lowered adverse effects of sole administration o f individual analgesics (Kehlet&Dahl, 1993). Postoperative pain, especially when poorly controlled, may produce a range of detrimental acute (i.e., adverse physiologic responses) (Vadivelu et al, 2010) and chronic effects (i.e., delayed long-term recovery and chronic pain) (Perkins&Kehlet, 2000). Good pain control after surgery is important to prevent negative outcomes such as tachycardia, hypertens ion, myocardial ischemia, decrease in alveolar ventilation, immobility, deep venous thrombosis and poor wound healing (Vadivelu et al, 2010; Nett, 2010). Unsufficient pain management can cause acute and chronic effects: 2.1 Acute effects on mood and mobilisation) pneumonia) ion and arrhythmias) www.intechopen.com Multimodal Analgesia for Postoperative Pain Management 179 disease, leading to coronary ischemia and myocardial infarction) Impaired gastrointestinal motility (while opioids induce constipation or nausea,
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