DEACIDIFICATION OF PETROLEUM CRUDE OIL BY USING 2-METHYLIMIDAZOLE WITH THE AID OF Ca/Cu/Ah03CATALYST MUHAMMAD AMIRRUL HAKIM BIN LOKMAN NOLHAKIM Final Year Project Report Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science (Hons.) Chemistry In the Faculty of Applied Sciences Universiti Teknologi MARA JANUARY 2017
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MUHAMMAD AMIRRUL HAKIM BIN LOKMAN NOLHAKIM Final … · LIST OF FIGURE Figure Caption Page 1.1 General Molecular Structure for NA 2 4.1 FTIRspectra ofCu/Ca(l0:90)/AI203 catalyst at
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DEACIDIFICATION OF PETROLEUM CRUDE OIL BY USING2-METHYLIMIDAZOLE WITH THE AID OF Ca/Cu/Ah03CATALYST
MUHAMMAD AMIRRUL HAKIM BIN LOKMAN NOLHAKIM
Final Year Project Report Submitted inPartial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the
Degree of Bachelor of Science (Hons.) ChemistryIn the Faculty of Applied Sciences
Universiti Teknologi MARA
JANUARY 2017
ABSTRACT
Deacidification Petroleum Crude Oil Utilizing 2-methylimidazole withAid of Cu/Ca(lO:90)/Ah03 Catalyst
The naphthenic acids (NA) found in petroleum may cause serious corrosionproblems for processing equipment. To reduce total acid number (TAN) fromcrude oil sample, catalytic deacidification with the aid of CulCaIAh03 catalystand 2-methylimidazole was introduced. Catalytic deacidification is a methodto reduce TAN and reduce the NA concentration on the acidic crude oilsample from PETRONAS Penapisan Melaka with the original TAN of 2.43mg KOH/g. A basic chemical with dosing 9% of 2-methylimidazole inethanol solution was used as the acid removal agent. Calcium oxide basedcatalyst supported onto alumina prepared with different calcinationtemperature of 900°C, 10000C and 1100°C. FTIR, TGA-DTG and XRD wasused for potential catalyst to observed the physicochemical properties. Theresult shows TAN reduction from 2.43 mg KOH/g to 0.2 mg KOH/g which92% reduction for PETRONAS Penapisan Melaka crude oil usingCulCalAh03 catalyst calcined at 1000°C, 0.4% of catalyst loading (3 beads),reaction temperature at 27°C and 10 minutes reaction times. The catalyst havethe small particle size that provide bigger surface area to enhance the catalyticperformance which remove the NA in the PETRONAS Penapisan Melakacrude oil and as a conclusion the TAN value can achieved below than 1 mgKOH/g.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
ACKNOWLEDMENTS 111
TABLE OF CONTENTS IV
LIST OF TABLES VI
LIST OF FIGURES Vll
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS V111
ABSTRACT IX
ABSTRAK X
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION1.1 Background and problem statement 11.2 Significant of study 51.3 Objectives 5
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW2.1 Napthenic acid removal 7
4.2 Total Acid Number (TAN) for untreated crude oil 32
iv
4.3
4.44.54.64.74.8
Effect of reagent concentration towards crude oil withoutCatalystEffect of calcination temperatureEffect of catalyst loadingEffect of reagent concentrationEffect on reaction temperatureEffect on reaction time
33
3436384041
CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS5.1 Conclusion 435.2 Recommendations 44
CITED REFERENCES 46APPENDICES 50CURRICULUM VITAE 57
v
LIST OF FIGURE
Figure Caption Page
1.1 General Molecular Structure for NA 2
4.1 FTIR spectra ofCu/Ca (l0:90)/AI203 catalyst at 24
calcination temperatures of 10000C before and after
reaction
4.2 TGA-DTG thermogram ofCU/CalAh03 catalyst after 27
aging inn an oven ~1OOOc for 24 hours.
4.3 The XRD patterns ofCU/CalAl203 calcined at a) 900, b) 29
1000 and c) 1l00°C.
4.4 Effect of different concentrations of 2-methylimidazole 32
on the reduction of total acid number ofPPM crude oil
4.5 Effect of the various calcination temperature towards the 34
removal of TAN value based on amount of catalyst
loading for 10 minutes reaction times.
4.6 Effect on catalyst loading towards removal of TAN 36
based on 1000°C calcination temperature.
4.7 Effect of reagent concentration on the reduction TAN 38
value using 0.40% ofCu/Ca(1O:90)/Ah03 catalyst for 10
minutes times
4.8 Effect of various reaction temperatures on the TAN value 39
using for 0.4% Cu/Ca (l0:90)/Ah03 catalyst loading at
10 minutes reaction time.
4.9 Effect of reaction time towards reduction of TAN value 40
using 0.4% Cu/Ca (1O:90)/Ah03 catalyst calcined at